著者

三上 昭荘

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.14-20, 1973-06-01 (Released:2017-04-14)

被引用文献数

2

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The writer proposes to incorporate simulation game in the school class room of geography. In this connection, discussions are made about this new learning tool, referring to the experiments in the United States. The High School Geography Project of The Association of American Geographers (HSGP) has adopted as the simulation game or the educational game as a "new" learning tool The method used in the school classroom is called "simulation game", because it is a kind of combination of the elements of simulation and games. These HSGP have incorporated simulation games in its activities. The following working units come under this category: Portsville. Metab Company Activity, Game of Farming, Section, and Point Roberts. "Political Geography", an unit of the course entitled "Geography in an Urban Age", deals with the interplay between geography and politics, being composed of five activities. It is seen that two of these five activities are run by means of simulation game. The first activity "Section", one of simulation game activities, brings students in regional competition for the allocation of public fund in a hypothetical state. The final activity "Point Roberts" is a simulation game activity in which students arbitrate a fictitious boundary dispute between the United States and Canada in Point Roberts, an actual place. There are six major parts in the activity, each of which is arranged to be completed in a day. Students play a role as members of the International Joint Commission, Comprising United States and Canadian negotiating teams, and the Arbitration Commission, and also as private or individual citizens who have been involved in an international boundary dispute. The value of simulation game in HSGP curriculum materials is that they bring a dimension of reality into the classroom. Games can provide students with vicarious experience. 'What is more important is that HSGP simulation games illustrate a variety of concepts and skills. Simulation game is helpful in the teaching of geography in the high school in Japan. Many of the students and teachers in Japan may misunderstand simulation game a mere "Playing". However, there is much hope in the development of simulation game material for the development of the geographical education in Japan.

著者

弘胤 佑

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.3, pp.184-194, 2020-12-28 (Released:2021-01-26)

参考文献数

6

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本実践の目的は,水害碑の内容やその変遷に注目することで,①水害碑のもつ社会へもたらす効能・効果や歴史的意義について考察し,さらに,②本実践を通して生徒たちが今後の歴史学習へとつながる問いをもつようになることである。 近年,水害碑への注目度が高まっている。しかし,専ら地域の災害伝承や防災という側面が重視されている。そこで,本実践では,近・現代史の導入として水害碑を位置づけた実践を行った。授業実践は,2つの授業目標を達成するだけでなく,様々な学びをも生み出した。生徒は,水害碑のもつ重層的な社会的効能・効果についての理解を深めながら,地域の構造物から地形の特徴が読み取れることにも気づき始めた。さらに,多くの生徒から今後の歴史学習に対する意欲の高まりが感じられた。このように,水害碑という個別事象の「内容」のみならず,多様な社会的事象の認識に応用できる「見方・考え方」にまで踏み込んだ学びをみせた。歴史授業で水害碑を扱うことは,水害碑という教材がもつ魅力を最大限活かしながら,生徒を深い学びへと導くために大変有効な方法である。しかし,水害碑は地理・歴史という社会科の枠組みに収まるものではない。他教科で,あるいは教科横断型で扱える汎用性をもつ教材である。

著者

荒木 一視

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.4, pp.243-258, 1997-10-28 (Released:2017-04-20)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

著者

鳴尾 茉樹

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.66-79, 2008-04-28 (Released:2017-04-15)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2

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This paper aims to clarify the development process of a public skateboarding park in Himeji city. In 1999, the delinquent behavior of youths became a social problem in Himeji city, and the youths would often gather at a spot around Himeji station. Since skateboarding-on and around the central shopping street-was also viewed as a problem, the police would reprimand the skateboarders. A young woman "A" hoped for a solution for the conflict between the skateboarders and the police. She began a signature campaign on the street for the development of a skateboarding park. A group of high school students and several skateboarders joined her movement; they established a group named "sports park-wo-tukuroukai" and made a petition with over 10,000 signatures to the Himeji city council through an alderperson of the Communist Party. Initially, the council rejected this petition; however, a Diet member of the Liberal Democratic Party supported the "sports park-wo-tukuroukai" in order to win the Lower House election. Subsequently, the council considered the petition. At the same time, a "kitaizoku-regulation" was placed by the city executives. This regulation aimed to put an end to the delinquent behavior of the youths around Himeji station. Since the council required the executives to finance the skateboarding park, this regulation was accepted. The city executives agreed to this request, and both the regulation and the budgeting of the park were accepted by the council. In 2001, the municipal administration set up a skateboarding park in the public area reserved for the construction of the hall within a duration of two years. As is evident from above, the youths' petition was used as a political tactic. However, at the moment, the skateboarding park still exists in this place because the public hall construction was terminated and the plan was rejected by the present mayor, owing to the financial crisis faced by the city. In the meantime, the skateboarding park is being utilized by many people, and now, it has become one of the important places for skateboarders in Himeji city. It is not exactly known how long such a situation will persist. Well, we could say that the youths' hope led to the establishment of the skateboarders' whereabouts in Himeji city.

著者

前杢 英明

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.4, pp.231-240, 1988-10-28 (Released:2017-04-20)

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Around Cape Ashizuri, evidences for former sea levels are recognized as notch, wave cut bench and calcareous remains of organisms living in tidal zone. This paper aims to clalify coseismic crustal movement during Holocene based on geomorphological and biological sea-level indicators around Cape Ashizuri. Based on vertical distribution of former sea level indicators, four former sea levels are distinguished at Cape Ashizuri, i.e. I:4.7m, II:3.5m, III:2.0m, IV:unknown in height. These former sea levels are aged as I:around 4800 y.B.P., II:at least 2730 to 2430 y.B.P., III:around 1770 y.B.P., IV:unknown by means of radiocarbon dating. The earthquakes having caused these abrupt drops of former sea levels are named event 1 to event 4 in counter chronological order. Event 2 to event 4 occurred at 1770 to O y.B.P. , 2430 to 1770 y.B.P., 4800 to 2730 y.B.P. respectively. Judging from radiocarbon ages and distribution of amount of uplift, earthquakes (event 4 and event 3) in Ashizuri region could be correlated to earthquakes (event 6 and event 4) in Muroto region (Maemoku, 1988) respectively. These earthquakes are assumed not to be interplate, but to be intraplate ones.

著者

成瀬 厚

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.4, pp.292-293, 2004-10-28 (Released:2017-04-15)

著者

成瀬 厚

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.21-29, 2007-01-28 (Released:2017-04-15)

参考文献数

50

著者

若松 司 泉谷 洋平

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.4, pp.269-282, 2006-10-28 (Released:2017-04-15)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1

著者

加藤 政洋

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.71-87, 1997-04-28

被引用文献数

1

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Recently, we can find many studies which insist on appreciating the concept of place in a contextual way not only in the English speaking world but also in Japan. In this renewed concept, place is contended to be humanly (socially) constructed with spatial practices, We (the user) make sense of place by the spatial practices, through which the user creates his own behavior and acts place-ballet. In the socio-spatial studies, Sack (1988) and Shields (1991), for example, advocate this point of view and contend that understanding of many factors operating in the place-making, the invention of place, and the construct of place, should be a primary theme in this discipline. Drawing attention to the conceptual framework of 'genealogy of place', this paper aims at describing the historical transition of amusement quarters (Sakari-ba) of Osaka Sennichimae. Osaka Sennichimae is one of Sakari-ba, where marginality and 'carnivalesque' dominated and both ephemeral and temporal logic was considered as those alternative to everyday rife working. Originally, Sennichimae was a grave yard on the margin of built-up areas of Osaka city in Edo era. After Meiji Restoration, this grave yard changed to an amusement site at first, and then, this site gradually transferred to Sakari-ba. Therefore, the name of this place, Sennichimae, had evoked people with both horror and pre-modern 'Edo' nostalgia after redeveloping from the grave yard into Sakari-ba. In the case of Sakari-ba Sennichimae, this paper examine the very constructed place as a genealogy interwovened with the historical place-images, the interventions of political powers, the act of show-planners (Yashi), and the spatial practices of the walkers. The development of Sennichimae as Sakari-ba is outlined as follow. In the early Meiji period, Sennichimae changed its landuse from grave yard to amusement site. This change might suggest two aspects. Firstly, the place as grave yard was cleared out for the sanitary reason. Secondly, at the same fane, the government of Osaka prefecture carried out the project of improvement in the old section of the city. Neverthless, the former image of grave yard influenced contingently the proceeding devlopment of amusement quarter of Sennichimae. Introducing many of new leisure attractions, especially cinema, this place was gradually characterized as Sakari-ba, and created the typical landscape of amusement site, and, in the 1920's, Sennichimae attracted people who loved to walk around as flaneur, and enjoyed their practice of walking, seeing, and being in the space of Sakari-ba with the mass.

著者

中田 高

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.49, 1989 (Released:2017-04-27)

著者

中田 高 後藤 秀昭 箕浦 幸治 松田 時彦 日野 貴之 加藤 健二 松井 考典

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.3, 1993-07-28

著者

天満 富雄

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.1-12, 1972

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It is aimed in this paper to clear the giomorphological character of Yamatsunami (a type of the landslides) and its influence on the locational and formational pattern of settlements in the Coastal Region of Hiroshima Bay. Yamatsunami may be safely classified into three types according to the place occurred: on cliff, on slope and in valley. In this paper, the case of Yamatsunami in valley will be studied principally. According to historical documents, eight times of big Yamatsunami have occurred at twenty-six valleys in this area, and been lost as many as about 2,000 peoples and 4,000 houses completely or partly destroyed since 1868. Yamatsunami often rushed on straight and rapidly with the river water, mud and sand. Most of mud and sand were accumulated at the mouth of a valley. Since 1904 six Yamatsunami have been caused by the frontal rains except one case by the typhoon. In either case the maximum rainfalls were 50-70mm per hour which were 1.5-2 times as many as the rainfall nueogh to give rise to slope collapse. In this area, the most of frontal rains fell during night. It was the main cause to make damage greater by Yamatsunami which happened as soon as rainfall stopped. Most of the Yamatsunami were observed in the mountain slopes which were composed of granite and they began to flow down at the height of more than 450m above sea-1evel. The collapses of the valley below knickpoint were caused by the landslides in the valley and/or on the slope above knickpoint. It is probable that the collapse is one of the last erosional processes occurred on the steep slopes which had been formed in the previous stage. Some of the Yamatsunami were caused by the break of an irrigation pond. A Katagawa-machi (one-sided settlement along the river) was formed to cope with Yamatsunami. The stone walls (Tsui-ji) were made at the bent of river to drive the stream current to the opposite side. A Iarge quantity of mud and sand accumulated by Yamatsunami was used for reclamation and for raising the ground level. Subsequently, with the increase of population and the development of manufacture, the low marshy land began to be occupied with a number of rented houses (Nagaya). Thus the Katagawa-machi became into sided settlement along the river. After that, the damages of Yamatsunami have concentrated upon these villages which are located in marshy land. Owing to the recent rapid urbanization, as houses concentrate in this area, the damage of Yamatsunami also increases rapidly.

著者

杉元 邦太郎

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.186-191, 1991-07-28 (Released:2017-04-27)

著者

後藤 文昭

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.87-98, 1984 (Released:2017-04-20)

被引用文献数

1

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In Japan, it is often pointed out that the rural settlement is divided into several small territorial units, which are named doi, jo, kaito and so on. These units have been playing a vital role in the ritual rites like the ceremonies of coming age, marriage, funeral, and ancestral worships as well as communal works. The purpose of this paper is to investigate recent changes in the small territorial units, taking koju in the Iki island, Nagasaki prefecture, for example. Two sample areas. Hatsuyama-nishi Fure and Honmura Fure (which is equal to Oaza in the Iki island),were selected. In Hatsuyama-nishi Fure, most households are native, and 70% of all households are farmhouses, but large number of farmers have come to be part-time farmers. Honmura Fure is the key settlement in the Iki island, and is characterized by many in-migrants from the outside of the area. [Hatsuyama-nishi Fure] Since 1960 s, several regular assemblies called ko have ceased. An increasing number of part-time farmers have tended to earn as much income as possible rather than to attend ko assemblies. In addition, traditional agricultural calender has gradually changed by the introduction of tobacco cultivation. Thus, some of tobacco cultivators did not come to attend the tenjin ko assembly, which was originaly organized for rice cultivation. As a rule, all members of koju including junior and senior high-school students were supposed to attend ko assembly, and this was a time-honoured custom. But, nowadays, few students join ko assemblies since around 1965. They had once enjoyed themselves by chatting with one another and taking delicious meals every time when the ko assembly was held. But, in recent years, living standard was risen up on the whole, the ko assembly is not so attractive as expected. In this settlement, neighbourhood group han consists of one or two koju. In this sense, the traditional koju became basic unit of han, which was organized by the administrative authority concerned. Though, several ko assemblies have ceased, in Okubo-han and Nokozaki-han, both of which are made up of two koju respectively, inhabitants of han set out additional events such as bonenkai (a year-end party) and hanachirashi (a cherry blossom viewing) several years ago as an seasonal activity of han. [Honmura Fure] In this district, owing to the increasing number of in-migrants, koju became territorial units only for the native and the those who have returned to the native place. On the other hand, han includes all households in the area and has the administrative functions. In consequence, the traditional koju has lost homogeniety as a territorial unit. About 20 years ago, since the agricultural cooperative association guinded koju to reduce ko assemblies, every koju has two or three ko assemblies at present. In these days, it is difficult to meet all members of koju, because those who had gave up farming became salaried workers; a certain dual-income family did not come to attend ko assemblies and it becomes a problem in the members. Judging from the investigation in two sample areas, it is clear that koju has been disintegrated, while, han comes to play more important role as a neighbourhood group. But, according to the interview, it is evident that present householders and their wives still show an affirmative attitude to koju, in spite of diclining unity of them.

著者

田中 敏嗣 若林 芳樹

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, pp.154-167, 1985-10

被引用文献数

2

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This paper examines the properties of cognitive space through employing median instead of mean as a measure of central tendency for the data of cognitive distance and direction. The data used in this study were collected through the questionnaires concerning the cognitive distances and directions, estimated by 212 students of Hiroshirma University, from the front gate of the university to the nine places selected within the city. In that survey, cognitive distances and directions were obtained through the 'statement in words method' and the 'sketch map method', respectively. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The proposition that intra-urban cognitive distance is generally overestimated is not supported when median is employed, while it is supported in case of mean. 2. In Hiroshima city where the built-up area is divided by six river channels, the overestimation of cognitive distance increase with the number of bridges in the route. 3. The cognitive directions deviate 10 or 20 degrees counterclockwise from the true directions, due to the clockwise deviations of river channels running across the city from the north-south line. 4. There are significant relationships between the cognitive distance and subject-centered factors, such as sex, the attitude toward space, duration of residence, although no significant relationships are detected between the cognitive direction and such factors. 5. In the spatial configuration of sampled places constructed from the cognitive distances and directions, the relative locations of places coincide with the objective ones, though variation is appeared between the groupes of respondents classified by similarity of cognition. It is thus clarified that mean is not suitable measure of central tendency for the skewed data concerning cognitive distance and direction. And that, deviations of cognitive directions from the true ones suggest that simplification of spatial information affects the process of spatial cognition.

著者

山本 耕三

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.59-76, 1993

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This paper describes the domestic commodity traffic to and from Nagoya during the early stage of industrialization in Japan (from Taisho era to early Showa era, 1920s and 1930s), focussing on the existence and the expansion of the Chukyo-sphere and the fluctuation of the in- and out-freight area each of 53 items during this period. Nagoya was a large castle town during Tokugawa era, but its economic sphere of influence was confined within its territorial area, while Edo (Tokyo) and Osaka were already retaining the nation-wide market. The author revealed the Chukyo-sphere had grown up to one of the three metropolitan areas in 1922, through an analysis of the domestic freight dealt with Nagoya at this period, comparing that of Tokyo and Osaka. Secondly, the author investigated the fluctuation of the in- and out-freight area each of 53 items in 1922 and 1937. In addition, freight volume and transport distance of 53 items categorized in the freight were investigated using regression analysis. By 1922, Nagoya had already grown up to one of the three metropolitan areas, although its hinterland called Chukyo-sphere, was smaller in area comparing with that of Tokyo and Osaka. Nagoya got a firm market for out-flow commodities in Nagano, Gifu and Aichi Prefectures, while Shizuoka Prefecture remained as a competitive area with Tokyo, and Mie Prefecture with Osaka (Fig. 1). On the other hand, Gifu, Aichi and Mie Prefectures were included as the hinterland of Nagoya for in-flow of commdities (Fig. 2). As for the out-flows of the commodities in 1922, rice, wood and most of industrial items were transported nation-wide. Most of agricultural products were distributed Inside Honshu. Stone and gravel were scarcely transported from the city (Table 3). In terms of in-flow of commodities, most of agricultural products were gathered from Hokkaido and Honshu, while most of industrial items from Honshu and Kyushu (Table 5). Transport distance and freight volume are usually explained by the gravity model, and the less volume is transported for the longer distance. However, this was not always the case for the commodity flows to and from Nagoya known from in- and out-freight items in 1922 (Tables 4 and 6). Flows of agricultural products and heavy low-priced raw materials generally showed higher distance resistance among in-freight items. On the other hand, flows of fuel showed less or no distance resistance among in-freight items, and that of machinary among out-freight items. The year of 1937 was one of the years which Japan enjoyed the highest industrial production before World War II. In this year, flows of many commodities indicated large expansion of market comparing that of 1922 (Fig. s 3 and 4, Tables 7 and 8). As shown in out-flow of many items increased their markert, suggesting that Nagoya, at this period, made a firm foundation as one of the three metropolitan area in Japan. However, certain flows such as that of out-flow of fuel indicates the city lost its hinterland. The reason for this case, Nagoya lost Shizuoka Prefecture as its hinterland because of the development of Shimizu Port, and going into shifts unloading fuel port for the demand of Shizuoka Prefecture to Shimizu Port.

著者

若林 芳樹 神谷 浩夫 由井 義通 木下 禮子 影山 穂波

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.65-87, 2001-04-28

参考文献数

64

被引用文献数

4

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本研究は,量的研究法と質的研究法とを組み合わせたマルチメソッドのアプローチを用いて,東京大都市圏における30歳代シングル女性世帯の居住地選択の傾向とそれを取り巻く状況を分析したものである。既存の統計類とアンケート調査結果を用いた量的分析の結果,シングル女性世帯の居住地選択の特徴として,利便性を重視して都心周辺部を指向すること,所得階層によって就業・居住状態に違いがみられること,住宅の探索・契約をめぐって種々の制約を受けていること,などが明らかになった。こうした量的分析による知見を裏付け,より詳細な居住地選択の実態を探るために,グループ・インタビューを行い,質的分析を加えた。その結果,彼女らが都心周辺部を指向する理由は,単なる利便性だけでなく,帰宅時の安全性への配慮や住み慣れた地域への選好が影響していること,住宅の契約をめぐる制約の強さは勤務先や所得によって異なること,などが明らかになった。

著者

古賀 慎二

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.4, pp.231-244, 2000-10-28

参考文献数

18

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The purpose of this study is to report the influence of changes in the transportation system on local towns. In 1994, the Channel Tunnel was opened and train services started between Britain and France. It is interesting, therefore, to examine the recent changes in existing port towns as their ferry services face the loss of cross-Channel trade. The port towns affected are Ramsgate, Dover, Folkestone and Newhaven, all of which are located in the South East of England. In recent years, Dover has made rapid progress, but the other ports are declining. In particular, the passenger trade to and from Newhaven port was the lowest among the above four ports in 1997. The reasons are as follows: Firstly, there now exists a diversity of modes of transportation for cross-Channel travel. Several rival modes are appearing. Among them, the cross-Channel train service represents the most serious competition since it is not influenced by the weather, and the new competition from low cost airlines such as Easy Jet is also significant. Secondly, passengers on ferry services who have, as the main purpose of their trip, the purchase of liquor or cigarettes, will move to Dover following the abolition of the tax exemption system ('duty-free') within the EU area that came into operation in July 1999, because this route is the cheapest and takes the shortest time for the cross-Channel journey. Thirdly, Dover has good access to the motorway network, and is therefore in 'time-distance' terms near to London and to the other large British cities. This means that Newhaven's passenger market area will tend to be restricted to East and West Sussex, and to parts of surrounding counties such as Surrey. Therefore, the number of passengers using Newhaven will not increase rapidly. In Newhaven, the cross-Channel ferry service which had been in operation for 150 years, was discontinued in January of 1999, since when, the people of Newhaven have come to expect further cuts in the service and have made efforts to grope for the regeneration programme to reinvigorate local economy.

著者

堀 信行

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, 1983-09

著者

大満 秀一朗

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.3, 2003-07-28