著者

清水 克正

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.4-10, 1999-08-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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The present study is concerned with the voicing contrasts of stop consonants in Japanese and English, and examines phonetic characteristics of their contrasts. The examination is mainly based on the acoustic analysis of initial stops in the two languages. Based on the analysis, it can be said that Japanese and English use several acoustic features such as voice onset time (VOT), Fo and its curve, and the onset of the first formant frequency for distinguishing voicing contrasts. Phonetic differences of the voicing contrasts in the two languages can be represented by the selection of the laryngeal features /VOICE, ASPIRATED, TENSE/, and the implementation of these selected features.

著者

上野 善道

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.3, pp.1-4, 2011-12-30 (Released:2018-03-31)

著者

青井 隼人

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.3, pp.71-72, 2010

著者

上田 功

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.21-28, 2013-08-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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The present study attempts to reexamine what is oft-times referred to as "Natural Process Analysis (NPA)" from a phonological and clinical perspective. First, theoretical implications of NPA are examined. Based upon modern phonology, an analytic tool should necessarily be equipped with theoretical constructs including input and output forms, and intervening rules, processes, or constraints, depending upon the framework. NPA fails because it only relies upon dynamic processes to reach output forms, always positing adult-like input forms for each and every child. Second, for NPA, phonemes are the smallest phonological unit to be analyzed. This assumption sometimes leads to correct output forms resulting from incorrect input forms because it fails to take distinctive features into account. Finally, it is suggested that practical clinicians be provided with a proper knowledge of phonology to conduct a clinically effective phonological analysis of functional misarticulation systems.

著者

郡 史郎

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.43-60, 2006-08-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

被引用文献数

1

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The dialect of the city of Kumamoto in Kyushu and its surrounding areas is said to lack lexical accent systems. Sentences uttered by 15 speakers were acoustically examined in order to identify the rules that characterize the sentence prosody in this variety of Japanese. Semantic restriction and focus were found to be the determining factors of intonational phrasing. The results also revealed that words have a tonal autonomy, with a rise at the beginning and a fall that may occur in any position of the word except for the beginning. This suggests that this dialect should be considered to have word accent ("indefinite" accent) contrary to the traditional view.

著者

佐藤 努

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.40-50, 1999-08-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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Recent developments of speech analysis tools in the form of computer software enable us to visualise and observe in a more efficient manner than ever the acoustic characteristics of speech. The pedagogical applications of the analytic technique have been made to a visual-aided teaching method of English pronunciation. This paper, comparing the phonetic characteristics of English pronunciation by native speakers of English and those by Japanese speakers, attempts to clarify the causes of the so-called 'unEnglish' features by Japanese speakers in the following order: segments, rhythm and weakening, assimilation, and intonation. In so doing, teaching methods and learning materials are suggested in order for Japanese learners of English to overcome the inappropriate elements in their pronunciation.

著者

手島 良

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.31-43, 2011

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This article examines the following three aspects of teaching English pronunciation at secondary schools in Japan: 1)which features of pronunciation are actually taught and which are not; 2) which problems are caused by this; and 3)which measures can or should be taken to solve the problems. In each aspect above, single sounds, word/phrase/sentence stresses and intonation are taken into account. Very little time is devoted to teaching pronunciation, and sadly awareness of the importance of pronunciation among pupils/students is quite low. In order to improve the situation, remedies, such as phonics-based instruction, are proposed.

著者

イリーナ シュポルト

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, 2007-08-30

著者

大竹 孝司

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.95-97, 2001-08-31

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This book deals with linguistic rhythmic structures of human languages. The author has proposed two kinds of rhythmic structure, each of which depends upon the rhythmic rates. He argues, moreover, that there is a hierarchical relationship between them. This hypothesis was tested by a number of experiments with variety of subjects.

著者

松浦 博 秀島 雅之 和田 淳一郎 犬飼 周佑 安藤 智宏 五十嵐 順正

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.3, pp.53-65, 2009-12-30

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In this paper we describe a newly developed assessment method of Japanese mora timing, which is the foundation of the rhythm of the Japanese language, based on the phonetic segment technique. In this technique time-spectral patterns of uttered speech are transferred to the phonetic segment labels every 8ms frame shift. First, we propose a consonant region and vowel region estimation algorithm based on the phonetic segment labels. Next, we calculate the mora length simply and accurately by the number of phonetic segment labels and evaluate the pronunciation of foreign students. Furthermore, by using the utterance data of Japanese students, we show that the permissible variation based on the type of each mora and adjacent mora differs. We claim that the proposed method of evaluating the validity of a foreign student's mora timing by using the mora length and the ratio of each mora length to the whole word length is effective.

著者

橋本 慎吾

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.3, 2009-12-30

著者

馬場 良二

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.3, pp.80, 2004-12-31 (Released:2018-03-31)

著者

藤本 雅子 篠原 茂子

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.95-108, 2018-08-30 (Released:2018-11-15)

参考文献数

35

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The present study investigates the acoustic and articulatory characteristics of voiced plosive geminates produced by a male speaker of Kumamoto dialect in Kyushu District. Two types of Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI), real-time MRI and synchronized MRI, are used for articulatory analyses. The acoustic result showed that relatively long voicing period appeared during the closure of voiced geminates. Plosive /dd/ showed voicing continuing from a preceding vowel (post-voicing) and pre-voicing of the consonant, while /gg/ showed only post-voicing. Analyses of MRI revealed that the distance between lower tongue and pharyngeal wall extended towards the end of the geminate plosives suggesting the occurrence of pharyngeal expansion. This agrees to the result of the speakers of Ikema southern Ryukyuan whose voiced geminates were voiced throughout the consonants. Thus, pharyngeal expansion is regarded to be an major articulatory manifestation to keep and excite voicing during voiced geminates.

著者

松浦 年男

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.141-150, 2018-08-30 (Released:2018-11-15)

参考文献数

16

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This paper reports that phonetic realization of voiced geminates in the Murayama dialect of Yamagata Japanese. Whether closure voicing ratio is long or not in voiced geminates in Tohoku dialects is controversial. This paper analyzes the data which were taken from elicitation from four native speakers, and demonstrates that both long and short closure voicing ratio exist in the dialect. Moreover, the result demonstrates that closure voicing ratio of underlying voiced geminate is longer than that of derived one for one speaker. Our results imply the necessarity that more comprehensive research on voicing in Tohoku dialects is needed.

著者

松浦 年男

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 = Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.141-150, 2018-08

著者

田中 伸一

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.3, pp.29-40, 1997-12-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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The present paper compares the phonology of two typologically-unrelated languages, Japanese and Winnebago, and characterizes their 'accent' in terms of phonetic interpretation, basic tone melody, tonal rules, sonority hierarchy, prosodic structure (mora, syllable, foot, etc.), and word minimality. I will show that in spite of the existence of their apparently distinct typological and structural properties, these languages nonetheless exhibit striking similarities when seen from accentual typology in the generative paradigm, or universal grammar. My arguments will lead to the following specific claims: 1) they both are pitch-accent languages although they are different in some tonal rules; 2) they both are mora-counting, syllable-accenting languages and constitute a mirror-image pattern with distinct moraic structures; 3) in theoretical terms, they have moraic feet and foot extrametricality in common, which, however, are assigned from the opposite directions; and 4) they each have a distinct minimal word requirement, which is evidenced by the minimal size of a word and the existence of unaccented words. I will also demonstrate that the apparent diversities of their accentual characters directly follow from a few differences in rules and parameter values for tonal and prosodic structures.

著者

Bridget D. Samuels Pedro T. Martins Cedric Boeckx

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.71-78, 2017-04-30 (Released:2017-09-12)

参考文献数

81

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We consider here several properties of phonological stress systems, including the midpoint pathology, an unattested pattern in which stress is confined to a word-medial syllable in short words but reverts to an edge-based window in longer words. Previous attempts have been made to rule out midpoint systems by eliminating the phonological constraints that yield them, or by alluding to difficulties in learning them. We suggest that a preference for representing word edges in memory and limits on subitization—evolutionarily older “fossil” abilities which are neither specific to humans nor to language—are sufficient to rule out the midpoint pathology. We take the same approach to motivate accentual window size and some left-right asymmetries observed in the typology of attested stress systems. This approach highlights the relevance of descent in accounting for human cognition, as well as the benefits that evolutionary thinking can bring to the study of language.

著者

井上 史雄

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.3, pp.12-15, 2000

著者

曺 秀弦

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.58-67, 2016-08-30 (Released:2017-07-04)

参考文献数

17

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The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the voiced-ness of Japanese affricates and long and short vowels following the affricates, influence the length of those affricates produced by Korean learners. 46 words produced by 40 students were judged for the naturalness in terms of their length. The results revealed the voiced affricate [ʥ] preceding a short vowel /o/ and the voiceless affricate [ʨ] preceding a long vowel /oo/ were rated highly unnatural. An acoustic analysis shows the differences between the affricates judged as natural and those as unnatural ascribe to the duration of frication.

著者

Kazuo Okanoya

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.23-30, 2017-04-30 (Released:2017-09-12)

参考文献数

40

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A set of hypotheses regarding the evolutionary emergence of human speech is proposed. Animal acoustical communication probably originated from noises contingent with respiratory gestures. These noises and orofacial movements were gradually ritualized, forming fixed action patterns for communication. Combinations of calls were used by young animals to induce parental behavior. This effect was utilized by male animals to attract females. Extremes of such vocalizations are songs, used for mate attraction and territorial defense in many species. Songs are an honest signal of vigor. Songs and behavioral contexts were gradually associated through a mutual segmentation process and proto-words emerged in ancestral hominids.