著者

杉浦 郁子

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.73-90,222, 2002-02-28 (Released:2016-11-02)

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Since Saitama Medical University applied to carry out a sex reassignment surgery (so called "sex change surgery") in 1995, medicalization of "gender identity disorder" is actively encouraged in Japan. There has been a corresponding increase in number of treatises on this mental disorder published by specialists. By analyzing those professional discourses, I will illustrate how a domain of "the sexual" is socially constructed. The social constructionism has argued two important views: First, objects are produced in and through a series of linguistic practices of signification; second, some knowledge is cited/referred when the practices are intelligible. The question of how "the sexual" is constructed will not be limited to the work of showing the particular way of construction of "the sexual." I will also show how and what kind of knowledge is cited in the constructing process. Having learned constructionism from Judith Butler, this paper keeps the interest of describing gaps and fissures that are produced in the very process of the constructing practices. Those gaps and fissures are observed as logical discontinuity, and are taken as the possibility to change the hegemonic meaning of "the sexual." I hold the attention of its changeablity because I am anxious that the construct of "the sexual" by professionals becomes standard and legitimate knowledge. Examining carefully the practices, we will find cited knowledge there operates against not only other "sexual minorities" but also transsexuals themselves.

著者

正村 俊之

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.51-57, 1995-05-31 (Released:2017-02-15)

著者

上野 千鶴子

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.45-59, 1977-05-31 (Released:2017-02-28)

著者

白烏 義彦

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.21-39,181, 1992-10-31 (Released:2017-02-15)

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During the Third Republic, the problem of the Educational Reform was crucial. Nonetheless its resolution was indispensable for the modernization and creation of France as a substantial nation-state. At that time, the church was a powerful opponent of this Reform. On the one hand, the church's role as educator greatly influenced the French people; on the other hand, it also conspired with Royalists and resisting allegiance to the Republican Government. For these reasons, the Educational Reform necessarily implied the secularisation of the education. Under this Reform, henceforce French education became "secular, compulsory, free of charge," and thereby greatly reducing the power of the church. The main objective of this article is to show the relationship between the Educational Reform and Durkheim's theory of education. Émile Durkheim was one of the founders of sociology and a contemporary of this Reform. His wide field of research includes such problems as: the division of labor,suicide, methodology of sociology, etc.; moreover the question of education holds amost important position in his field. In his analysis of the problem of education, he grasped the system of education as a real social institution and emphasized the necessity for a historical approach to education. He argued the role of the State to the education, in the context of the "freedom of education". Through the development of his theories, he supported the reform movement. This article also focusses on the importance and the interest of studying the practical character of Durkheim's sociology and of Durkheim himself.

著者

高沢 淳夫

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.53-66, 1993-10-31 (Released:2017-02-15)

著者

朴 沙羅

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.3, pp.89-104,173, 2010-02-28 (Released:2015-05-20)

参考文献数

18

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The purpose of this article is to examine what actually happened in the Suita incident, a well-known political riot in postwar Japan, and how the incident was told and reconstructed after it took place. The Suita incident is famous in the history of Japanese social and political movements for its nonviolence, cooperation with Korean Japanese, and the victory in a trial which lasted for 20 years. However, even though this incident is well known and often recounted, and although it critically influenced the Japanese Communist Party, which organized the incident, there are few studies which clarify “what happened”, and “how events are narrated” by whom, how and why. Therefore, using documentary resources and interviews with the participants, this article first looks at “what happened” in the Suita and Hirakata incidents, and then examines how these two incidents have been recounted and their images have been molded by three component entities, namely the Japanese Communist Party, Korean Japanese, and the Japanese government. The “Suita incident” was, in a sense, very useful for all three, and all three profited from it by making partisan speeches on this political riot, slanted in a particularly favorable way for each.

著者

梅川 由紀

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.23-40, 2017-06

著者

平井 秀幸 佐藤 哲彦

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.166-175, 2009-05-31 (Released:2015-05-20)

著者

永瀬 圭 太郎丸 博

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.3, pp.19-33,129, 2014-02-28 (Released:2015-04-10)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1

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Gender role attitudes are one of the factors hindering gender equality, thus inspiring many studies throughout the world. In Japan, however, little analysis has been done on the factors involved in gender role attitude changes, and most previous studies have focused on short-term trends. Therefore, using data from the Survey on Japanese Value Orientations from 1973 to 2008 conducted by NHK, Japan Broadcasting Corporation, we examined how and why gender role attitudes in Japan have changed, and whether younger cohorts have become more conservative. To understand the factors involved in changes in gender role attitudes, especially how cohort replacement and individual change contributed to aggregate trends, we used a linear decomposition method. We obtained the following results. First, both men and women became more egalitarian between 1973 and 2003, but since then, gender role attitudes have little changed or have been traditionalized. The gender role attitude change in the 2000s is mainly attributable to individual change, and there is no evidence that more recent cohorts are more conservative. In addition, the stagnation or conservative shift after 2003 cannot be explained by social changes in educational level, labor force participation rate, rate of unmarried people, and so on. We propose that the recent trend in gender role attitudes is a consequence of uncertainty in people's daily life, for example decreasing wages and more competitive working conditions, caused by sweeping reforms based on neo-liberalism.

著者

木村 至聖

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.57-73, 2014-06

著者

奥村 隆

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.127-129, 2018-10-01 (Released:2021-07-10)

参考文献数

5

著者

牧野 智和

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.107-122, 2009-10-31 (Released:2015-05-20)

参考文献数

54

被引用文献数

1

著者

阪井 敏郎

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1-2, pp.62-76, 1964-09-30 (Released:2017-12-28)

著者

竹川 郁雄

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.105-127,185, 1987-01-31 (Released:2017-02-15)

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In this paper it is argued that organizational characteristics of the class which permit a social interaction among the students affect the patterns of children's friendship structure, so that the Japanese bully behavior occurs in the classroom. The Japanese bully behavior is an unfair, aggressive action which the predominant students inflict on the inferior ones, and it is intended to cause mental or physical pain. The organizational characteristics of the Japanese traditional class are as follows : 1 ) The class is a functional group which has as a first collective aim the lear ning of various subjects. 2 ) The class is a socializing agency which is managed by a teacher. 3 ) Members must belong to the class for a certain limited time. 4) Esch one of the members is equal to the other in age, but unequal in capacity and character. 5 ) Members are in one place for a given time, so that they are subject to col lective feelings in the classroom. 6 ) Advancing in the classroom is essential to students. When the class system operates dysfunctionally as a result of failure of teaching or too rigid institutionalization, the above-mentioned organizational characteristics turn into the prerequisites of the Japanese bully behavior, and the collective feelings in the classroom turn into inter-aggressive emotions without the altruistic feelings. After that its emotions affect the patterns of children's friendship choices, and some sub-groups are generated in the classroom in behalf of selfdefense. At this same time the Japanese bully behavior occurs. What we have said id supported by data from 15 classes.

著者

近森 高明

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.93-100, 2014-10-31 (Released:2019-05-24)

参考文献数

6

著者

磯 直樹

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.37-53,200, 2008

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In this paper I will first introduce Bourdieu's idea of field, a network, or configuration, of objective relations between positions. Then I will show how it integrates theory and empirical research. In the history of Sociology, the relationship between theory and empirical research has been a grand theme, and Bourdieu was committed to integrating the two throughout his career. I will also examine the work of Blumer, an important predecessor to Bourdieu. While both his "sensitizing concept" and his "definitive concept" have limits, Bourdieu's "open concepts" which include habitus, capital and field have more possibilities and significances than Blumer's. The field is a social sphere which has a limit around itself and each has its own rules within. For Bourdieu, the field is considered together with habitus and capital, and also as a part of his theory of practice. The concept of field enables us to analyze social phenomena for which we have lacked a theoretical framework. We can also use the concept of field to relate and integrate differentempirical research. One example can be found in the study of social difference. Bourdieu's sociology makes sense in combination with the works of other sociologists because it owes so much to them. We should ask the question "Bourdieu and what else?" rather than think in terms of a dichotomy such as "Bourdieu or not." This will lead to a productive discussion.

著者

加藤 源太郎 小島 剛

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.177-185, 2008-10-31 (Released:2015-06-06)

著者

木本 玲一

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.88-88,176, 2002-10-31 (Released:2016-05-25)

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This article explores local practices of Japanese rap, a musical genre originated in devastated U.S. inner-city communities. For a long time, globalization has been understood as processes of invasion, as posited by the "cultural imperialism" thesis. In recent years, however, many scholars have begun to argue that globalization and localization are not so much as opposed as interrelated. Their argument suggests that mutual interaction can be found not only in the political or economic fields, but also in the cultural fields, including that of popular music. Rap music spreads throughout the world as it is distributed by the record industries and has gradually been localized into various parts of the globe, including Japan. As this occurs, localization has aroused the desire to construct "Japanese" rap, -not an "imitation" of U.S. rap but an "original" form. In this article, I will explore and examine the desire through a discussion of the practices that constitute the main dimensions of rap: "sound", "language" and "ideology". In doing so, I shall also focus on the desire to localize rap, and pay particular attention to rap's global / local context.

著者

岡田 光弘 倉島 哲

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.3, pp.203-211, 2008-02-29 (Released:2015-06-06)

著者

松村 淳

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.3, pp.39-57, 2016-02-01 (Released:2020-06-20)

参考文献数

13

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本稿の目的は近年の専門職研究において再び重視されつつある専門職とエートスの関わりを問い直すことである。ある職能に特有のエートスがそれを内面化した者に内発的な労働への意欲を駆動させるという側面だけではなく、それが業界全体に共有され内部文化を統制・再生産する機能を有するという側面についての研究はまだ不十分である。そこで本稿では建物の設計・監理を専門とする建築設計専門職を対象とし、職業実践におけるエートスの表れに触れつつ、とりわけその獲得過程について重点的に検討した。具体的にはエートスを涵養する場として大学に着目し、その教育実践を検討した。そこでは、職能の実践に必要な技術の獲得よりも﹁空間の質﹂や﹁美しさ﹂といった抽象的な語彙で形容される﹁作品﹂を作成できる能力の獲得が目指されている。それらは一定の訓練を経れば習得できる﹁標準化される技術﹂ではなく、合理的な訓練では習得できない﹁標準化されない技術﹂の涵養が必要であり、それを習得するためには教員=建築家の﹁指導﹂に従うしかない。つまり大学は、建築設計専門職業界が望むエートスを学生に内面化させるための﹁文化的社会化﹂の場として機能している。そうして獲得したエートスは個人の労働を内発的に駆動させるだけではなく、建築基準法の厳格化や設計施工を一貫して行う住宅産業の隆盛による相対的な地位低下など、様々な位相においてその存在意義が問われている建築設計専門職の長期的で安定的な存続に資する機能を有しているのである。