著者

照井 滋晴 秋山 吉寛 野本 和宏

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.27-34, 2022 (Released:2022-10-25)

参考文献数

31

---

As a conservation measure associated with development projects in Kushiro Marsh, egg sacs and adults of Siberian salamander (Salamandrella keyserlingii) were translocated to artificial ponds in two periods (1986-1990 and 1996-1998). Following the first translocation, Kushiro City Board of Education commenced a continuous monitoring survey for 29 years from 1991 to 2019. The survey revealed that the translocated individuals spawned annually in the artificial breeding ponds by 2016; however, the number of egg sacs continuously decreased, after 2017, no further spawning was observed. Therefore, we consider that the translocated individuals are now either extinct or on the verge of extinction, indicating that the translocation project has failed. In this report, we discuss the factors that caused the failure of translocation projects and summarize factors to consider while translocating Siberian salamander.

著者

永田 純子 後藤 優介 高木 俊人 兼子 伸吾 原田 正史

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.63-73, 2022 (Released:2023-02-15)

参考文献数

61

---

As the number of sightings of Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon) increases in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, male sika deer have recently appeared in Tsukuba City (2015 and 2016) and Yuki City (2019), located in the southwestern part of the prefecture (ISW). We analyzed the mitochondrial DNA control region sequences of three individuals and compared them with those of sika deer in the neighboring areas to infer their areas of origin. The three individuals shared an identical haplotype 6TCG1 and repeat motif TD-2. Pairwise FST and Exact Test suggested significant genetic differentiation in the Nasu-Yaita/Boso Peninsula/Kanto Mountains and ISW. Based on these results, the most possible area of origin of these deer was Nikko in Tochigi Prefecture, which was the only area with the identical haplotype-repeat motif “6TCG1-TD-2”. The areas where we obtained the three deer are all very close to the Kokai River, which originates in the Nasu area, Tochigi Prefecture, and the Kinu River, which has its upper reaches in Nikko and northern Tochigi Prefecture. The sika deer in ISW may have migrated from Tochigi Prefecture using the green areas along these rivers as corridors.

著者

照井 滋晴 佐藤 孝則

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.25-32, 2020 (Released:2020-09-02)

参考文献数

30

---

Currently, several solar power plants have been constructed in wetland areas in Kushiro National Park without prior environmental impact assessment, as it was not required by the relevant laws in Japan. We surveyed abundance of individuals and egg sacs of the threatened Siberian salamander (Salamandrella keyserlingii) at a solar power plant site, prior to, during (2015-2016), and after (2017) its construction. We confirmed the presence of adults (n = 5 in 2015, n = 3 in 2016, and n = 1 in 2017), and metamorphs (n = 8, only in 2016) as well as egg sacs (n = 11 in 2015, n =37 in 2016, n = 36 in 2017) of this species during the survey period. For habitat conservation, we suggested the following measures to solar power producers: 1) installation of photovoltaic panels in the salamander's main habitat area should be avoided, and 2) the main habitats should be preserved as habitat “conservation area.” The solar power producers agree to implement our suggested conservation plan, and it was decided that we would monitor the salamander population– in this site for the next several years. We believe that this endeavor, supported jointly by producers and conservationists, sets a valuable precedent for the conservation of salamanders in areas with solar power plant construction.

著者

久井 貴世

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.7-20, 2013-12-20 (Released:2017-06-16)

被引用文献数

1

---

The Tancho, or Japanese Crane (Grus japonensis) which inhabits Japan, has been on the brink of extinction because of intense hunting activity, and loss of habitat, since the Meiji Era. In modern Japan, the hunting targeted at the Japanese cranes is still active. The Japanese cranes are dazzling targets for hunting and are used to make valuable products. Japanese hunters at that time lacked the forethought of wildlife protection, and their intense hunting became a threat to the cranes' survival. The Japanese hunters tracked cranes not only in Japan, but also on the Korean peninsula. The Japanese cranes were important for industry and thought of as a special product of the Korean Peninsula, especially for Japanese people. Even on the Korean Peninsula, poaching was rampant after the Hunt Rule was established. These cranes were a connecting point of importance to the Japanese people. The value of the cranes caused an increase of pressure to hunt them. In addition, it can be thought that these factors, which include the development of hunting techniques, the imperialistic expansion, and the hunters' sense of ethics, overlapped to cause a sharp decrease of Japanese cranes in modern Japan and the Korean Peninsula.

著者

森光 由樹

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.35-40, 2015-11-01 (Released:2017-06-16)

---

Conflicts between wild animals and humans have been increasing during the recent years, resulting in damage to human environments and infrastructure as well as injuries to humans. In urban areas, capturing the wild animals is a difficult task because, by law, firearms cannot be used. As a method for rapidly incapacitating and capturing these animals, it has become legal to use tranquilizer guns, as they are non-lethal, and there is little danger of damage to the property. Capturing via tranquilizer gun is a safe method; however, operational problems remain. Because tranquilizer guns are drug delivery systems and not firearms, written tests and practical exams for the use of tranquilizer guns are not imposed. A person who does not have basic firearm training can still use the guns, as long as he/she passes police inspection. Because there are various problems in the positioning and operation of tranquilizer guns in the amended law, there is an immediate need to create user manuals and to formulate rules to prevent accidents.

著者

竹内 健悟

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.41-49, 2019 (Released:2019-12-29)

参考文献数

21

---

This study traced historical records regarding hawk hunting and crane trapping of the Hirosaki clan during the early Edo period. It revealed that there were many designated fields where Goshawk, Sparrowhawk, and Peregrin falcons were captured for falconry purposes. Falconers played important roles by regularly providing meat for the castle kitchen throughout the year. The falconers hunted numerous Skylark and Common quail during summer, and hunted goose and wild ducks from autumn to spring. The findings this study also indicate that the grassland was wide during that time period. Japanese cranes were recorded from spring to autumn; thus, the data indicates that Japanese cranes are likely to have been breeding in the Tsugaru region; these cranes were often captured by peasants. On the other hand, white-naped cranes and hooded cranes were captured during the spring and fall migration period. Such records suggest that these cranes flew over the Tsugaru region when they migrated from north to south, and vice versa.

著者

久井 貴世

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.1-21, 2016 (Released:2017-06-17)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

1

---

This paper has mainly studied the actual condition of crane hunting during the Edo period by investigating various rules and specific hunting methods about crane hunting. The systems of crane hunting were not unified all around the country, and different hunting system worked in each domain. In some domain, commoners were also permitted to capture crane under certain rules, but the cranes captured belonged to the lord and all the cranes were eventually gathered to the lord in such systems. It is speculated that the crane hunting activities for the purpose of private use (livelihood or entertainment, etc.) that did not benefit the lord were banned during the Edo period instead of prohibiting hunting cranes all together. In addition, the methods for hunting cranes included gun hunting using a wooden decoy, hunting with nets or traps beside the well-known falconry.

著者

藤井 忠志 稲葉 正和 湯浅 俊行 横山 恵一

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.33-40, 2019 (Released:2019-12-29)

参考文献数

48

---

Mt. Hayachine, which is the famous mountain of Iwate, has had reported sightings of the Rock Ptarmigan Lagopus muta since ancient times, but there was never any evidence to support it. However, in a school collection in Ehime Prefecture, a stuffed specimen suspected of being a Rock Ptarmigan from Mt. Hayachine in Iwate Prefecture was analyzed, and the authenticity of the production area was examined.

著者

Kazumi Shionosaki Shigeki Sasaki Fumio Yamada Shozo Shibata

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.1-13, 2016 (Released:2017-06-17)

参考文献数

45

---

To protect endangered endemic species from predation by domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) in Amami-Ohshima Island, Japan, the five local governments on the island issued a regulation in October 2011 on the proper raising and management of domestic cats. We studied the changes in owned and unowned free-roaming cats' activities in a mountain forest (2 km2 in size), near residential areas in Amami City, following the enforcement of the regulation, specifically the prohibition on cat feeding. A camera-trapping method was used to monitor cat activities for six months, prior to the regulation being in force, (2010-2011), and for seven months following the regulations' enforcement (2011-2012).  In response to food availability following the regulation enforcement, the number of unowned cats decreased by almost half, and their activities shifted to nocturnal. Moreover, both owned cats and unowned free-roaming cats tended to utilize the forest interior more than other areas (forest roadside and forest edge adjacent to the residential areas). Although the goal of the regulation is the protection of endemic species against domestic cat predation, the results of the present study indicate that the regulation will increase rather than decrease predation risk to endemic species. Therefore, even though the prohibition on feeding can be effective in reducing free-roaming cat reproduction in the long-term, more direct approaches, such as the removal of free-roaming cats from the endemic species' habitats, might be more effective in the short-term, as well as educating cat owners on the risks owned free-roaming cats pose to endemic species.

著者

山田 晋也 大竹 正剛 大場 孝裕 山口 亮 大橋 正孝

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.1-5, 2013-12-20 (Released:2017-06-16)

---

We evaluated the stress in deer that were captured using corrals, foot snare traps, grand hunt, and sharp shooting by determining the cortisol and creatine kinase levels. The means of the cortisol levels were 2.5±1.3μg/dL, 11.3±5.3μg/dL, 2.1±2.5μg/dL, and 0.4±0.1μg/dL for deer captured using corrals, foot snare traps, grand hunt, and sharp shooting, respectively. The means of the creatine kinase levels for deer captured using corrals, foot snare traps, grand hunt, and sharp shooting were 93.5±129.1×10^3U/L, 253.6±303.3×10^3U/L, 46.6±70.1×10^3U/L, and 2.6±2.0×10^3U/L, respectively. The means of the cortisol levels of the deer captured using corral, grand hunt, and sharp shooting were significantly lower than that of the deer captured using foot snare traps (p<0.01). The mean of the creatine kinase levels of deer captured using corrals was significantly higher than that of the deer captured using sharp shooting (p<0.01), but was equal to that of the deer captured using foot snare traps and grand hunt.

著者

池田 敬 白川 拓巳 鈴木 正嗣

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.13-20, 2018 (Released:2018-10-04)

参考文献数

30

---

We compared the attractiveness of five baits (mineral salt, corn, hay cube, rice bran, and Japanese cedar cutting seedling) to sika deer (Cervus nippon) and wild boar (Sus scrofa). We conducted four feeding experiments using camera traps from August 16 to November 19, 2017. To evaluate the attractiveness of the five baits, we counted the number of animals photographed per hour for each bait. We then evaluated the appearance patterns of deer and boar to feeding sites and clarified the influence of the appearance of each mammal on other mammal. Deer strongly preferred mineral salt (P < 0.001), while boar preferred rice bran (P < 0.01). In addition, deer and boar showed similar appearance patterns. To capture only deer, mineral salt would be the most effective bait.

著者

渡邉 英之

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.73-78, 2023 (Released:2023-10-28)

参考文献数

35

---

Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are known to affect natural ecosystems through their predation on amphibians. To protect these amphibians and the natural ecosystem, there is a need to understand the population density and habitat distribution of raccoons. Sayama Hills is an important habitat for rare amphibians. However, there is limited information on the raccoon population at this location. In this study, I investigated the distribution and relative abundance of raccoons through surveys based on raccoon claw marks on temple pillars and hunting and culling statistics in Sayama Hills. Raccoon claw marks of were found in 30 of 73 temples investigated across Sayama Hills. The catch per unit effort (CPUE) values of the studied cities were 0.79-3.43, except for Higashimurayama, which had no capture records and few raccoon markings. On the Tokyo side of Sayama Hills, the CPUE values were higher in the western cities. Based on these results, the raccoon populations appear to have established their distribution in Sayama Hills, showing an east-west cline in abundance on the Tokyo side. Such a spatial inclination needs to be considered in future management plans of raccoons.

著者

奥山 正樹

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.1-10, 2023 (Released:2023-03-07)

参考文献数

18

---

Transitions of designation categories of the Wildlife Protection Areas and the extent of these designated areas were analyzed using government guidelines and wildlife statistics. A remarkable decrease was observed in the designated area for the “forest habitat type”, which occupies the largest proportion. For all other categories except the “habitat corridor type”, there was an increase in the designated area. As the number of hunters decreases and the damage caused by wildlife becomes serious, the significance of hunting-prohibited areas is declining. Therefore, “forest habitat type”, “large-scale habitat type” and “habitat corridor type” should be designated with a clear intention to secure the original habitat for wildlife, which is supported by science-based management. The categories such as “endangered species habitat type” and “large migration areas type”, whose designation as Special Protection Areas is imperative, are expected to function as true nature conservation areas by effective planning and design of the Special Protection Areas and surrounding buffer zones.

著者

上田 弘則 堂山 宗一郎 石川 圭介 江口 祐輔

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.33-41, 2020 (Released:2021-01-04)

参考文献数

27

---

In Japan, sika deer (Cervus nippon) cause serious agricultural damage. To reduce the damage, it is important to use fencing and to capture the deer causing the damage. Box traps are recommended for capturing deer around farms. However, there is little information about where to position the trip line to capture adult deer with a box trap. We determined the optimal position of the trip line where there was a high probability that a deer would be in contact with it. Three reared adult female deer were used to determine this, along with a mobile cage and polyester yarn as the box trap and the trip line, respectively. The height of the trip line was randomly changed between 20 cm to 90 cm at 10 cm intervals, while the distance of the trip line from the bait was positioned between 20 cm to 50 cm at 10 cm intervals. We investigated whether deer made contact with the trip line at each position. The relationships between trip line position and deer contact were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. We found that trip line height significantly affected the deer contact. In contrast, the distance between the bait and the trip line did not affect the deer contact. The contact probabilities estimated by the best fitting model were high at trip line heights from 40 cm to 60 cm. In these positions, the deer contacted the trip line with their heads, necks, thoraxes, and backs.

著者

橋本 幸彦 森 豊

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.1-8, 2017 (Released:2018-04-21)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

---

In this study, we describe a transition in the distribution of Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) in the Suzuka Mountains Japanese Serow Protection Area, along the border between the Mie and Shiga Prefectures. We sampled serow distributions using camera traps at high and low elevations and light census methods in high elevation areas. Two and five cameras were placed in high elevation areas in 2014 and 2015, respectively, and light censuses were conducted monthly, except during the snowy season. Additionally, we placed two and four cameras in low elevation areas in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Despite a report of high serow density in the 1970s in high elevation areas, we found no evidence of the species. However, in low elevation areas, where serows were rarely found in the 1970s, we found the species at all camera locations and confirmed the birth of offspring. These results show that the distribution of serows in the protected area is contracting. Second, we documented changes in serow distribution by analyzing the results of monitoring data collected five times at 5-9-year intervals. In the 1980s, serow density in the center of the protected area (high elevation) was greater than that along the edges (low elevation). More recently, this pattern changed such that densities declined in both areas. In contrast, the density of Sika deer (Cervus nippon) has increased rapidly. The effect of increasing populations of Sika deer on Japanese serow density should be examined, and an action plan for serow conservation should be developed.

著者

遠藤 友彦 高木 俊 菊地 玲央 小寺 祐二

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.65-71, 2023 (Released:2023-10-04)

参考文献数

30

---

Recently, the wild boar (Sus scrofa) population in Japan has been controlled using leg snare traps. However, little is known about the operating characteristics of leg snare traps and the weight and age class of the captured wild boars. As the first step in our analysis, we measured the starting load of the leg snare trap. Further, we compared it with the wild boar weights. To examine the operating characteristics, we estimated the operating probability for each sex and age class from the measured starting load value and wild boar weight data. The average leg snare starting load was 14.8 kgf, and the starting load of the compression coil spring was stable. The operating probability increased with age class and was > 0.9 for both sexes over 1 yr-old. Our results showed that the leg snare trap was an effective method to capture female wild boars over 1 yr-old, which are reportedly highly fertile.

著者

上田 剛平

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.71-78, 2014-05-01 (Released:2017-06-16)

被引用文献数

3

---

There has been a marked decline in the hunter population in Japan. For the success of wildlife management, local governments should build a sustainable wildlife population management system (SWPMS). Here, I show the trend in the hunter population over the past 40 years and discuss the programs for building SWPMS. The decline in the hunter population started simultaneously across the whole of Japan from 1979. One of the reasons for this decline was that the hunting and gun ownership regulations were strengthened in 1978. As a result of these revisions, gun hunters have been declining since 1979. In contrast, the number of trappers, who desire to kill nuisance animals, has been increasing since the 1990s. According to our questionnaire surveys, which were conducted in 2012, the average retirement age of trappers (64.2 years) was younger than that of gun hunters (69.5 years). However, the average hunting career of trappers (9.3 years) was considerably shorter than that of gun hunters (40.0 years). These results suggest that the increase in trappers may not be effective for SWPMS. Three programs are necessary for SWPMS. The first is to increase the bag per hunter. The second is to increase and educate the candidates for hunting. The third is to provide economic incentives for population management activities. Implemented in combination, these programs would make it possible to build SWPMS.

著者

本藤 聡仁 鈴木 啓太 中西 麻美 山下 洋

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.31-42, 2023 (Released:2023-04-27)

参考文献数

20

---

Under the guidance of Field Science Education and Research Center of Kyoto University, Kyoto Prefectural Nishimaizuru Senior High School has conducted annual surveys in riverine and coastal environments in late July since 2006 (in early August only in 2020). The survey areas consisted mainly of Isazu River, Maizuru Bay, and Tango Bay, Sea of Japan. Although the survey data were analyzed and summarized by high school students every year, the publication of the whole data sets will contribute to meta-analyses among regions and/or periods, and to environmental education at other high schools. Here we provide the following data sets: 1) surface water quality including temperature, pH, electric conductivity, turbidity, and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, suspended solid, and nutrients in 2006-2021; 2) species composition and density of coastal macrobenthos including fish and invertebrates in 2012-2021; 3) latitudes and longitudes of coastal surveys in 2012-2021; 4) vertical profiles of coastal waters in 2012-2021. As an example of the application of the data sets, interannual changes in nutrient concentrations and macrobenthos communities were analyzed.

著者

Kosuke Takaya Daiki Tomojiri

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.75-82, 2022 (Released:2023-03-03)

参考文献数

42

---

The increasingly vast amount of widely available information on the internet provides novel opportunities to analyze levels and drivers of public interest and attitude towards nature. We investigate seasonality in public interest of six bird species in Japan for which observation data and Japanese Wikipedia pageview data are available. We identify seasonality by applying linear regressions and sinusoidal models to Wikipedia pageview data spanning a 6-year period from 1 October 2015 to 30 September 2021. High seasonality in public interest in four of these six species is apparent, especially for species with famous calls which people commonly encounter, and for species closely associated with Japanese culture. This suggests that both culture and seasonality are important determinants of public interest in these bird species in Japan. Increased urbanization decreases direct contact with nature, with online interactions between people and their environment becoming increasingly important. Bird phenology may inform people of seasonal changes, and play an important role in establishing the value of species in culture. Monitoring public interest, including seasonality, can improve our understanding of why people are more interested in some species than others, which in turn can be applied to improve conservation efforts.

著者

石原 孝 亀崎 直樹 松沢 慶将 石崎 明日香

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.23-35, 2014-12-01 (Released:2017-06-16)

被引用文献数

3

---

A nationwide interview survey was conducted from 2009 to 2013 to evaluate the state of sea turtle bycatch in Japanese coastal fisheries. A total of 1,074 fishermen and other industry representatives were interviewed at 175 sites, and 2,087 responses regarding the various fishing methods used were collated. Bycatch frequency of more than 5-10 sea turtles annually per operation was reported in large and small pound net, gill net, bottom trawl, boat seine, surround net, rod and line, and trawl fisheries. The highest bycatch frequency was reported from large pound net fisheries, especially in the Pacific coast of Shikoku, followed by the East coast of Ki-i Peninsula. However, bycatch frequency among large pound net fisheries varied widely by operation. Bycatch mortality rate in large pound nets were also divided, with 30 of 40 valid respondents reporting low or nearly 0% mortality rate, while 5 respondents reported high or nearly 100% mortality rate. Small pound nets also demonstrated a relatively high bycatch frequency, although lower than large pound nets. The findings of this study suggest that the priority for addressing sea turtle bycatch in Japan should be placed on individual large pound nets with high sea turtle mortality. However, mitigation measures for coastal fisheries bycatch should be developed to ensure fish landings, especially since sea turtle nesting activities in Japan are increasing and exhibiting recovery from past trends.