著者

[青山延于, 青山延光] [著]

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[115], 1800

著者

[青山延于, 青山延光] [著]

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[114], 1800

著者

[青山延于, 青山延光] [著]

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[113], 1800

著者

Chitose Honsho

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.QH-R001, (Released:2022-12-13)

被引用文献数

5

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Self-incompatibility in Citrus species is an important trait related to fruit set and seed formation. In particular, self-incompatible citrus varieties combined with sufficient parthenocarpy produce seedless fruits. The characteristics of self-incompatibility have been studied for many years, and essential traits, such as pollen tube elongation behavior and self-incompatibility genotypes, have been characterized. Recently, it has been shown that the genetic mechanism of self-incompatibility in citrus varieties is S-RNase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility. To date, 18 S-RNases (17 self-incompatible alleles and 1 self-compatible allele) have been identified. The DNA markers for S-RNases can enable the early identification of self-incompatibility/compatibility status. The expression of self-compatibility in Citrus species is ascribed to the presence of the self-compatibility Sm allele, which is a defective S-RNase, and to the suppression of S-RNase expression. Polyploidization induces self-compatibility in Citrus species: Citrus tamurana ‘Hyuganatsu’ is substantially self-incompatible; however, its bud mutation, ‘Nishiuchi Konatsu’, is self-compatible. ‘Nishiuchi Konatsu’ is diploid; however, it forms unreduced pollen, which causes the breakdown of self-incompatible reaction when self-pollinated because of a competitive interaction within the same individual. In addition, after fertilization by unreduced pollen, seed formation is also inhibited by triploid block caused by interploid hybridization between diploid pollen and haploid egg cells. Therefore, ‘Nishiuchi Konatsu’ shows self-compatibility regardless of the self-incompatibility haplotype and produces fruits with few seeds. The seedlessness trait could be beneficial for citrus breeding in the future; however, the genetic mechanisms involved in the expression of this trait remain unclear. This review focuses on the recent advances in the genetics of self-incompatibility in citrus plants, implicating the mechanisms involved in self-incompatibility and their applications for achieving the desired trait of seedlessness in citrus fruits.

著者

[青山延于, 青山延光] [著]

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[112], 1800

著者

[青山延于, 青山延光] [著]

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[111], 1800

著者

[青山延于, 青山延光] [著]

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[110], 1800

著者

[青山延于, 青山延光] [著]

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[109], 1800

著者

[青山延于, 青山延光] [著]

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[108], 1800

著者

竹口 隼人

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.89-100, 2021 (Released:2022-11-27)

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This paper examines the social reform thought of Thomas Hill Green (1836-1882), a nineteenth-century British philosopher and a representative of British idealism. Based on Green's theories of freedom and the state, I examine his justification for government interference in social affairs in the latter half of the nineteenth century and its basis, and clarify the relationship between freedom and interference in Green's social reform thought. In Green, freedom means the capacity to achieve what is worth doing. What is worthy is the perfection of the person, which is also the common good worthy of all others. As a means of this freedom, in the sense of having the capacity to realize such perfection of the person, various freedoms such as freedom of contract are positioned. Each person also has rights by virtue of being recognized by others as capable of contributing to the common good, which is recognized by all. This allows everyone the capacity to achieve perfect, the capacity in freedom. Since all people must be able to be free, the state has a role to realize freedom in the sense of having the capacity to realize what is worth. Since the perfection of the person is a moral duty of each individual, it is not the role of the state to enforce it. The role of the state is to maintain the conditions for human freedom by removing the obstacles that prevent each person from realizing and shaping his or her capacity to do something worthy. Hence, in the interference of the state, the question becomes what and how is an obstacle to the perfection of the personality. In the sense that the role of the state is limited to the removal of obstacles to freedom and the maintenance of the conditions of freedom, it takes the form of a prior intervention, an interference with the conditions under which each person is able to perform, and these are the role of the state.

著者

高橋 侑生

出版者

京都大学社会思想史研究会

雑誌

思想のプリズム (ISSN:24364495)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.93-100, 2022 (Released:2022-10-17)

著者

[青山延于, 青山延光] [著]

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[106], 1800

著者

[青山延于, 青山延光] [著]

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[105], 1800

著者

[青山延于, 青山延光] [著]

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[104], 1800

著者

寺田 正嗣

出版者

日本読書学会

雑誌

読書科学 (ISSN:0387284X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.3-4, pp.139-152, 2022-09-26 (Released:2022-10-07)

参考文献数

24

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In this study, to encourage university students to read, we adopted a reading method called Focused Reading (FR) and provided them with three days of reading instruction and two weeks of reading practice support for books with uncomplicated content (e.g., self-help books). FR is a method of reading in which skimming and the Preview, Question, Read, Summarize (PQRS) learning strategy are both applied. Thirty-six undergraduates participated in the study, and the final results from thirty-three students were used to verify the effectiveness of the reading instruction. In this study, we did not prepare a control group but used a technique called “the constructive method” to examine the effects. The participants were divided into two groups based on the amount of reading they had done in the preceding year, and the between-group differences in the effects of reading instruction were examined. Results showed the amount of reading of general books increased significantly over the following three months of the semester as compared to pre-intervention. In addition, the average amount of reading of university textbooks and other academic books, which were not the subject of instruction, also increased significantly, although there were seven students who did not read at all. In the case of the low-reading group, although there were some areas for which the instruction did not have a clear effect, results suggest it helped increase the amount of reading and engaging in reading behavior for most of the students.

著者

[青山延于, 青山延光] [著]

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[103], 1800

著者

[青山延于, 青山延光] [著]

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[102], 1800

著者

菅島 正栄 岡田 英俊 松渕 志帆 佐々木 重夫 中島 大誠 川島 功 浜田 節男

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本歯科保存学会

雑誌

日本歯科保存学雑誌 (ISSN:03872343)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.9-15, 2008-02-29 (Released:2018-03-31)

参考文献数

16

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近年,接着技術の進歩により歯冠修復にレジンを応用する症例は多くなってきた.これまでの研究により歯面処理時において唾液や血液によって汚染されると,それらが接着阻害因子となり,接着強さは低下することが報告されている.実際の臨床において,止血剤は出血した部位に作用させた後,水洗,乾燥して除去する.しかし,止血剤自体が処理後の被着面に残存することによって,ボンディング材の歯質に対する接着強さに影響を及ぼすことが危惧された.そこで今回,さらにボスミン®(第一三共製薬)の歯面処理効果について確認するため,リン酸処理,希塩酸処理を行った象牙質表面を対照とし,原子間力顕微鏡(以下,AFMと略す)による象牙質の表層における構造変化の観察,そしてボスミン®の作用時間による接着強さの違いについて比較検討を行った.AFM観察した結果,実験群を無処理のものをコントロールとし,リン酸処理,希塩酸処理,およびボスミン®処理をそれぞれ比較すると,リン酸処理,希塩酸処理を行ったものは象牙質表層の凹面は少なくなり,より平坦な像が観察された.しかし,ボスミン®処理においては,15秒間処理では無処理のものと比較し,ほぼ均一な凹凸が測定面一面に観察された.1分間処理においては15秒間処理のものと比較すると微細な凹凸形が少ない像を示したが,無処理のものよりは凹凸を示す像が観察された.接着強さ試験において,対照であるリン酸処理群,希塩酸処理群は無処理群と比較し有意に低い値を示したが,一方,実験群であるボスミン®15秒間作用群,1分間作用群は無処理群と比較し有意に高い値を示した.以上のことから,ボスミン®には歯面処理効果があり,その結果接着を強めることが明らかとなった.

著者

[青山延于, 青山延光] [著]

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[101], 1800

著者

久保 加津代

出版者

The Japan Society of Home Economics

雑誌

日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.4, pp.325-333, 2004-04-15 (Released:2010-03-10)

参考文献数

9

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以上のことをまとめるとつぎのようにいえる.1. 住生活関連記事の分量は決して多くはなかったが, 当時の『家の光』には農村の生活改善の核である住生活改善の実態が読みとれる記事がある.数は少ないが平面図もある.初期には「啓蒙」が中心であったが, 1930年頃から「実践」がみられるようになる.2. 農村の住生活改善は, (1) 個人の活動, (2) 共同による活動, (3) 組合による活動または組合の協力による活動の3つのパターンで進められている.個人の活動については1933年以後に多くみられ, 男性による寄稿が多く, 能率的になった事例が客観的に述べられていることが特徴である.共同による活動については, 女性たちが協力して講演会や台所批評会を開いたり, 台所改善講などにとりくんだ記事が多く, 個人の活動と比べると, 改善の成果・感想が伝わってくるものが多い.組合による活動または組合の協力による活動は, 産業組合および信用組合や県農業会などが関係して住宅改善を行った例である.また産業組合による共同浴場は, 健康管理意識も高め, 教育機能や村民の情報交流機能まで果たし, 共同作業場の設置や農業経営の向上, 住宅の居住性向上にもつながっている.都市部で進んだ住生活改善の影響もあって, 昭和時代初期には農村部でも台所改善を中心に住生活の改善が進んだ.『家の光』は『婦人之友』『主婦之友』などの女性雑誌と比べると, 女性自身の寄稿が少なく内容も客観的事実を述べるものにとどまっているが, 貧困のなかで協力しあって生活を衛生化・能率化したエネルギーと, そして限定された階層の限定された活動であったとしても, 戦後に展開される農家の住生活改善のモデルになったであろう点は評価できる.