著者
樋口 進 Susumu Higuchi
雑誌
神学研究 (ISSN:05598478)
巻号頁・発行日
no.23, pp.1-28, 1975-02-25
著者
山田 奨治
出版者
一般社団法人電子情報通信学会
雑誌
電子情報通信学会論文誌. A, 基礎・境界 (ISSN:09135707)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.79, no.2, pp.329-336, 1996-02-25
被引用文献数
25

脳波の一種である事象関連電位P300を利用した脳波キーボードの入力速度向上のために, P300を加算平均しない, 単一試行での判別と文字入力速度向上のための手法を検討した. そのために (1) 特徴量としてウェーブレット係数の導入, (2) 誤判別の許容と瞬目による有効なキャンセル方法の検討, (3) 1文字の平均入力時間を最短とする判別エラー率の理論的検討, を行った. 4人の被験者に対してP300の取得実験を行い, 得られたデータに線形判別分析法を行って判別力を試験した. その結果, 特徴量としてのウェーブレット係数の有効性が認められた. 瞬目による誤判別のキャンセルは, 即時性とチャネルやデバイスの追加なしに行える点で有効であることがわかった. また判別エラー率から1文字の平均入力時間を推定する式を示し, 最適な判別エラー率を推定した. その推定値を実証するために脳波キーボードを試作し, 4人の被験者に対して利用実験を行った. その結果, ほぼ推定値どおりの入力速度が得られることを確認した. 得られた入力速度は平均 3.0文字/分, 15.6ビット/分で, これまでの 1.3倍の速度を達成した.

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著者
大蔵省印刷局 [編]
出版者
日本マイクロ写真
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1917年11月09日, 1917-11-09

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著者
大蔵省印刷局 [編]
出版者
日本マイクロ写真
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1899年03月18日, 1899-03-18

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著者
大蔵省印刷局 [編]
出版者
日本マイクロ写真
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1945年08月17日, 1945-08-17
著者
Soichiro Kawabe Yusuke Ando Shigenori Kawano Kumiko Matsui
出版者
Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History
雑誌
北九州市立自然史・歴史博物館研究報告A類(自然史) (ISSN:13482653)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, pp.35-39, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-04-24)
参考文献数
26

A rostrum of a suliform bird from the Lower Oligocene Yamaga Formation of Ashiya Group in Ainoshima Island, Fukuoka Prefecture, Kyushu, southwestern Japan is briefly described. The present specimen (KMNH VP 600013) is slender and flat, with a strongly curved rostral tip, a sharply-defined longitudinal groove, and apertura nasi ossea that were likely extremely reduced or absent.
著者
大愛 崇晴
出版者
美学会
雑誌
美學 (ISSN:05200962)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, no.1, pp.57-70, 2002-06-30

While it has been often emphasized that Monteverdi's seconda pratica opens the way to the essential idea of Baroque music : musical expression of passions of the text, Zarlino has been supposed to be a great defender of the more conservative style, prima pratica. However, Zarlino also develops the idea of "imitation of words" on the basis of the medieval conception of music as quadrivium. Zarlino supports the traditional Pythagorean view defining music as Harmonia, which is based on the simple proportions of the integral numbers and accordingly connotes consonances which sound agreeably to the sense. His view of music is therefore primarily speculative and mathematically analyzable by the reason. On the other hand, in the Renaissance humanistic thought, Zarlino seeks restoration of emotional effects of music in antiquity. He asserts the arousal of passions is caused by the very words to be set, those Harmonia (tune) and rhythm which are suitable to their emotional contents, and moreover, he stresses on the ethical purpose of music. But, Zarlino admits only the polyphony composed of consonances, as device of expression. He considers mathematical harmonic match as the most intrinsic part of music, recognizing the important role of words in music.
著者
浅井 得一
出版者
日本地理教育学会
雑誌
新地理 (ISSN:05598362)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.2, pp.27-30, 1988-09-25 (Released:2010-04-30)
参考文献数
13
著者
乗松 亨平
出版者
北海道大学スラブ研究センター
雑誌
スラヴ研究 (ISSN:05626579)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, pp.1-23, 2012-06-15

This paper examines Yuri Lotman's analysis of the theatrical culture of the Russian nobles from the eighteenth century to the beginning of the nineteenth century as an implicit response to late Soviet society and as a speculation on how to establish an autonomous "private" sphere, independent of the "official" sphere that penetrated almost the entire society. Soviet semiotics began simultaneously with the blossoming of information science in the "Thaw" period. Semiotics was considered to be an "honest," "sincere," and "universal" science, free from the ideological "dogma" of Stalinism. Having failed to find a way into mainstream Soviet academia, the school of semiotics took refuge in Tartu, Estonia, a "marginal" place in the USSR. Lotman has often represented mainstream academia as the morally corrupt "other," dominated by ideology, but, in fact, the moral values that sustained the Tartu School were largely shared by this "other" in officialdom. As recent studies on late Soviet society demonstrate, the "official" vocabulary was so prevalent in the "Stagnation" period that there was practically no alternative to it. According to Alexei Yurchak, the creation of the "private" sphere was made possible only by a "performative" reinterpretation of "official" formulas. Lotman argues that the everyday behavior of the Russian nobles was "played" like a theatrical role, taken from the example of art (mainly literary) works. He differentiates theatrical culture into two periods: the pre-Romantic era when people played various roles, shifting from one "mask" to another, and the Romantic era when people identified themselves with only one role, considering all aspects of their everyday life as a "stage." The Decembrists, highly evaluated by Lotman, developed this Romantic approach by "sincerely" playing the sole "simple" role that was called one's own "self." Lotman maintains, in agreement with Yurchak to some extent, that the Decembrists incorporated existing norms into their roles/selves. This idea of the "simple" role is described in detail in Lotman's biography of Pushkin, whose life is traced as a passage from pre-Romanticism to Romanticism to Realism or the stage of the "simple" role. At the transition from Romanticism to Realism, Pushkin attempted to shape the "simple" role from the "play of styles." These vague images of the "simple" role become clearer and more concrete in Pushkin's later years: in his endeavor to build an independent "home," the poet expected his family to share his ideal of a "simple" people (narod). This notion of the private "home" is reminiscent of Lotman's view of his school, which was sustained by certain moral values in the prevailing mood of the Thaw period. Although criticized by reviewers for overemphasizing Pushkin's conscious construction of his life through acting roles, Lotman applies the same idea to the biography of Karamzin. This book scarcely ascribes Karamzin's "life-construction" to the theatrical culture of the nobility but instead explains it as a part of the legacy of medieval Christianity handed down to modern Russian literature. In this tradition, a text can appeal to readers only when its author lives a life relevant to the text. It is true that phenomena similar to "life-construction" are found in various periods of Russian literature, such as the Symbolists' "life-creation," Nikolai Evreinov's "theater in life" and Nikolai Chuzhak's "life-building," but as the latter's close relationship with the thesis of Socialist Realism shows, the active orientation to change life according to textual ideas can have a suppressive effect. This dilemma of active "life-construction" is embodied in the two-fold image of the "simple" role: recreation of existing norms or styles, and devotion to the moral values of the narod. They respectively correspond to Isaiah Berlin's notions of negative freedom (from restraint) and positive freedom (to self-determination). Lotman has repeatedly discussed play and contingency (especially latterly), which enable one to have plural options and therefore freedom of choice (negative freedom). In choosing one option, one then needs certain values that justify one's decision. Particular values help one to be an autonomous subject (positive freedom), just as the Tartu School was sustained by such moral values as "sincerity" and "universality." On the other hand, Berlin points out that positive freedom would lead to the imposition of one's values on others. This pitfall of positive freedom that parallels the possible suppressive effect of "life-construction" is all the more serious for Lotman for the fact that his school's moral values are shared with the "official" sphere. Aware of these dangers, Lotman nevertheless considers it vital to establish autonomy by employing positive freedom for securing plural options in late Soviet society.
著者
石渡 渚 鈴木 佳奈子 松本 晴菜 矢島 慶子 小野 麻里子 土田 沙織 保戸塚 麻里 湯原 瑞紀 前澤 佳代子 寺島 朝子 小林 典子 木津 純子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本環境感染学会
雑誌
日本環境感染学会誌 (ISSN:1882532X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.5, pp.319-324, 2009 (Released:2009-12-10)
参考文献数
14
被引用文献数
1 1

手指衛生は病院感染予防策として重要である.中でも速乾性擦式消毒剤(擦式消毒剤)は簡便性と高い消毒効果を兼ね揃え,現在の医療現場では必須となっている.そこでグローブジュース法に準じた方法により,薬学生を対象として,現場で汎用されている代表的な擦式消毒剤0.2 w/v%ベンザルコニウム塩化物含有製剤,0.5 w/v%ポビドンヨード含有製剤,0.2 w/v%クロルヘキシジングルコン酸塩含有製剤,0.5 w/v%クロルヘキシジングルコン酸塩含有製剤の擦り込み量を変えて,消毒効果および持続効果を比較検討した.また,ノズル付きの各擦式消毒剤を用いて女子薬学生が日常手指消毒に用いるようにノズルを押して消毒剤を採取し,その用量を測定した.   各製剤を1 mL, 2 mL, 3 mLを3回ずつ擦り込んだ際の減菌率の比較において,いずれの製剤においても2 mL以上の擦り込みにより良好な消毒効果が得られた.さらに2 mLを3回擦り込むと,その消毒効果はいずれも4時間後まで持続した.また,日常の衛生的手洗いにおいて,0.2 w/v%ベンザルコニウム塩化物含有製剤と0.5 w/v%クロルヘキシジングルコン酸塩含有製剤は1回に約2 mLを採取していたが,0.5 w/v%ポビドンヨード含有製剤と0.2 w/v%クロルヘキシジングルコン酸塩含有製剤は2 mL未満であった.手指消毒を効果的に行うには,消毒剤の採取量についても注意喚起する必要性が認められた.
著者
小田 真由美
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 日本バイオインフォマティクス学会
雑誌
JSBi Bioinformatics Review (ISSN:24357022)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, no.1, pp.7-14, 2021 (Released:2021-10-05)
参考文献数
32

エピジェネティクスは「細胞間遺伝するゲノム外の情報」を対象とした研究分野を指す。修飾パターンの複製分子メカニズムを持つDNAメチル化を真のエピジェネティックマークと呼ぶこともある、研究の進展とひろがりにより現在の研究範囲は基本的なDNAメチル化・ヒストン修飾にとどまらない。多細胞生物の体はゲノム情報を利用して多くの機能的な組織・器官をつくっている。単一の細胞はどの時点で異なる細胞種を生じるのか、細胞のアイデンティティとなる機能はいかに確立され維持され、どのように破綻するのか?当然ながらゲノム機能発現には転写因子などのトランス因子が大きな役割を持つが、予測された結合配列の配置のみでは結合箇所の予測が不十分であることはよく知られている。配列以外のゲノムへのアクセス状況の違いを司るエピジェネティック分子機構の可変と不変の仕組を理解するために、これまでの知識と情報のリソースに併せ、さらなる解像度を持つ解析手法を用いることによって情報の連係を見出すことが今後の課題とみている。私たちのからだが30億塩基以上の高ノイズなゲノム配列情報をうまく使って多くの細胞を生み出し、生命の営みを続けているその中で、大きな間違いをせずに発生・発達を繰り返すダイナミックな仕組みに思いを馳せていただければと思う。