著者
Suga Hiromu Hirano Wataru Katoh Toru Matsubayashi Kei W. Katakura Haruo
出版者
Zoological Society of Japan
雑誌
Zoological science (ISSN:02890003)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.6, pp.603-610, 2016-12
被引用文献数
3

The ladybird beetles Propylea quatuordecimpunctata and P. japonica have largely overlapping distributions in northern Japan, and in the laboratory produce fertile hybrids. In this study, we surveyed the distribution and morphological differentiation of these species and the hybrids in natural populations, with a focus on western Hokkaido, northern Japan. Phenotypic analyses were conducted for 987 individuals collected at 90 localities. In addition, the nuclear internal transcribed spacer-II (ITS2) region (549 bp) and part of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene (700 bp) were sequenced for 620 individuals from 53 localities. Analyses of both phenotypic and genotypic features discriminated two distinct entities assignable to P. quatuordecimpunctataand P. japonica. However, individuals with intermediate phenotypes and/or genotypes also occurred extensively, indicating natural hybridization. Putative P. quatuordecimpunctata individuals were collected across a wide range of altitudes (30-600 m), whereas those of P. japonica were found mostly lower than 300 m alt. In addition, P. quatuordecimpunctata was dominant in semi-open habitats shaded by canopy foliage, whereas P. japonica was frequent in more open habitats. The perceived altitudinal difference in the distributions may thus in part be a consequence of this different habitat preference, as open habitats are more common at lower altitudes in the study area.
著者
葉柳 和則
出版者
長崎大学多文化社会学部
雑誌
多文化社会研究 = Journal of Global Humanities and Social Sciences, Nagasaki University (ISSN:21891486)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, pp.183-204, 2022-03-22

This paper examines the concept of the state as set forth in two political pamphlets by Philipp Etter: The Swiss Democracy (1933) and The Reform of the Fatherland and We (1934). Etter was then a member of the Council of States representing the Catholic Conservative Party. The publication of these two texts was contemporary with the seizure of power in Germany by the Nazis and the emergence of pro-Nazi parties in Switzerland. After asserting the end of liberalism and the dangers of social democracy, Etter proposed a “Third Way.” This was an inherently dangerous proposal, however, because the Third Way generally referred to fascism or Nazism. Nonetheless, Etter clearly rejected the centralizing methods of the Nazis and justified his approach with reference to Switzerland’s strong decentralization. Moreover, he regarded the vocational order advocated by Pope Pius XI in his encyclical Quadragesimo anno (1931) as an ideal, though one that was realized in the contemporary fascist regimes of Italy and Austria. By eliminating centralizing elements from this ideal of vocational order, Etter attempted to “swissize” it. His concept of the state was brought to fruition in the form of a “corporatist state without dictators” between the late 1930s and 1950s, when he was a member of the Federal Council.
著者
寺崎 里水 中島 ゆり
出版者
法政大学キャリアデザイン学会
雑誌
生涯学習とキャリアデザイン = 生涯学習とキャリアデザイン (ISSN:13493051)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.1, pp.147-165, 2016-10

This paper aims to figure out what problemswomen face at the time of disaster and whatissues school disaster prevention education in Japan has with a gender perspective. In the recent years, disaster risk has been increasing. Natural hazards frequently occurred such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, and human-induced environment destruction. In a time of such disasters, thevulnerable as women, sexual minorities, foreigners, children, the elderly, and the disabled are more easily and strongly exposedto risk. In Japan, after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995, many studies have pointed out the vulnerability of women(Aikawa 2006, Equal Net Sendai 2013, Masai2014, Okaniwa 2013, Takenobu & Akashi2012). This perspective of gender has been reflected in international and national governmentsʼ policies such as Hyogo Framework for Action, Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, the Disaster Management Basic Plan, Basic Act on Disaster Control Measures, and the Second and Third Basic Plan for Gender Equality. These policies have introduced the concept of resilience. On the other hand, Okaniwa (2013) points out that local governments and communities, which are exact agents in disaster prevention and reconstruction, do necessarily neither share the perspective, plans, and information of women, nor run well systems introduced in the national policies. Okaniwaʼs study implies that suchgender perspective has not penetrated in educational fields even after the Great EastJapan Earthquake in 2011. We examine how Japanese government defines disaster prevention education in the Courses of Studyand find that their descriptions are relatedto safe behavior, the grain of nature, peopleʼs effort for disaster prevention, injury, and disciplinary training. Agents for revolution and the concept of resilience suggested in international and national policies are not found in the Courses of Study. In conclusion, we suggest the need ofdisaster "resilience" education with a genderperspective, while the current Courses ofStudy focus on disaster "prevention" education. There are three issues in school disaster resilience education. First, as disaster often has long-term consequences for victims, we need to seek new knowledge and skills to learn in addition to existing subject contents. Second, disaster resilience education needs citizenship education with a gender perspective in order to solve gender problems prominently appearing at the time of disaster. Third, tocultivate leaders for making disaster policies and running evacuation centers is the most significant issue. Especially women need leadership. Accordingly this attitude nurtures resilience. Students need to learn leadership, citizenship, and resilience from their own experience through workshops and so on.
著者
冨田 晃
出版者
弘前大学教育学部
雑誌
弘前大学教育学部紀要 (ISSN:04391713)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.115, no.1, pp.79-81, 2016-03-01

人が人を食べる習俗をカニバリズムという。「獰猛野蛮の極み」といったイメージをもつこの言葉は、コロンブスによってスペインに報告され、その後、人肉を食らう裸族の想像画をともないながらヨーロッパ世界に広がっていった。「新世界」を「発見」したコロンブスは、まだ見ぬ異民族に対し、マルコ・ポーロによるアジアの話や、ギリシャ神話といった自分がもっている知識を総動員して「人食い人種カニバル」を想像した。それは、コロンブスが、自らの業績を輝かせ、野蛮な人々にキリスト教を伝える義務感を、キリスト教世界の人々に与えるためのレトリックだった。
著者
中山 昭彦 Akihiko Nakayama
出版者
学習院大学文学部国語国文学会
雑誌
学習院大学国語国文学会誌 (ISSN:02864436)
巻号頁・発行日
no.65, pp.1-4, 2022-03-15

佐々木隆先生古稀記念特輯号
著者
Morinaga Takako
出版者
Institute of Comparative Economic Studies, Hosei University
雑誌
Journal of International Economic Studies = Journal of International Economic Studies (ISSN:09111247)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, pp.57-74, 2018-03

This paper clarifies the multi-faceted adoption process of tea in Russia from the seventeenth till nineteenth century. Socio-cultural history of tea had not been well-studied field in the Soviet historiography, but in the recent years, some of historians work on this theme because of the diversification of subjects in the Russian historiography. The paper provides an overview of early encounters of tea in Russia in the sixteenth and seventeenth century, comparing with other beverages that were drunk at that time. The paper sheds light on the two supply routes of tea to Russia, one from Mongolia and China, and the other from Europe. Drinking of brick tea did not become a custom in the 18th century, but tea consumption had bloomed since 19th century, rapidly increasing the import of tea. The main part of the paper clarifies how Russian- Chines trade at Khakhta had been interrelated to the consumption of tea in Russia. Finally, the paper shows how the Russian tea culture formation followed a different path from that of the tea culture of Europe.
著者
針生 亨
巻号頁・発行日
no.34, 1977
著者
水島 玲央
出版者
早稲田大学法学会
雑誌
早稻田法學 (ISSN:03890546)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.94, no.4, pp.583-608, 2019-09-23
著者
吉田 祐子 矢野 理香
出版者
看護総合科学研究会
雑誌
看護総合科学研究会誌 (ISSN:1344381X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.2, pp.11-19, 2020-03-31

皮下注射前の皮膚消毒は,複数の先行研究により必要ないことが検証されているが,日本では標準的な手順として浸透している。そこで,本研究では,日本でなぜ皮下注射前の皮膚消毒が実施されているのかその背景を検討するために,看護技術書における皮下注射前の皮膚消毒に関する記載の実態について明らかにすることを目的とした。インターネットで看護技術に関する書籍検索を実施し,内容を精査した結果,選定基準に合致した書籍は28冊であった。これらの書籍では,皮下注射前の皮膚消毒は必要であると記載されていたが,そのうち3冊は,皮下注射前の皮膚消毒の必要性がないことを検証した先行研究についても紹介していた。消毒が必要との根拠となる論文の引用はどの書籍にもなかった。日本での皮膚消毒の実施率が非常に高い背景の一つとして,多くの技術書において,消毒の必要性の有無に関する根拠の記載が十分ではないことがあると考えられた。