著者

苅山 靖 図子 浩二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.397-411, 2014 (Released:2014-12-20)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

5 2

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The aim of this study was to clarify the point of attention and determine an effective method for the vertical single-leg rebound jump (VSJ) and horizontal single-leg bounding jump (HSJ) in plyometrics by investigating the differences and relationship between the two jumps with respect to take-off movement and joint kinetics. 11 male track and field athletes performed the VSJ, 50%HSJ, 75%HSJ, and HSJ. The kinematics and kinetics during the take-off phase were recorded using a high-speed video camera (300 Hz) for movements in the sagittal plane and force platforms (1000 Hz), and then analyzed. The results are summarized below:1.  According to a spring-mass model, the vertical velocity of the center of gravity in the VSJ was attained by using shortening-lengthening movements. However, in the HSJ, most of the horizontal velocity of the center of gravity was due to rotational movement. This velocity increased with increasing jump distance.2.  The extension torque of the knee and hip joints during the former phase, the negative torque power of the knee, and the positive torque power of the ankle and hip joints in the HSJ were greater than those in the VSJ. However, the ankle joint torque during the former phase and the negative torque power in the HSJ were smaller than those in the VSJ.3.  The jump distance for the HSJ was correlated with the RJ-index for the VSJ. Moreover, there was a correlation between the HSJ and VSJ with respect to negative joint work and joint contribution.These results suggest that there are differences in take-off movement and joint kinetics between the VSJ and HSJ; however, both jumps show similarities in the recruitment characteristics of the take-off leg muscle during the former phase.

著者

図子 浩二

出版者

日本バイオメカニクス学会

雑誌

バイオメカニクス研究 (ISSN:13431706)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.4, pp.303-312, 2003

著者

永原隆 宮代賢治 図子浩二

出版者

鹿屋体育大学

雑誌

スポーツパフォーマンス研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.279-294, 2013

著者

苅山 靖 藤井 宏明 森 健一 図子 浩二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.91-109, 2013 (Released:2013-06-08)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2 5

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This study aimed to clarify the 3-dimensional joint kinetics of the takeoff leg for the single-leg rebound jump (SRJ) and the double-leg rebound jump (DRJ). 14 male track and field athletes (sprinters, jumpers and decathletes) performed the SRJ and the DRJ with maximal effort. Kinematics and kinetics data were recorded using a Vicon T20 system (250 Hz) and force platforms (1000 Hz). The results of all the analyses were as follows: 1.  In the SRJ, hip joint work around the adduction-abduction and internal-external rotation axes was higher than in the DRJ, because of larger hip abduction and internal rotational torque in the SRJ. 2.  In the SRJ, hip abduction and internal rotation torque were larger than those in the DRJ. These may have been caused by the anatomical and mechanical differences between the SRJ and DRJ. 3.  In the SRJ, hip abduction torque affected the increment in jump height. This result suggests that hip abduction torque affects the higher jump height for a single leg to a greater extent in the SRJ than in the DRJ. 4.  In the SRJ, the trunk lateral flexion caused by trunk flexion torque reduced the lateral displacement of the center of gravity due to pelvic list. These results suggest that 1) the SRJ is an effective training tool for improvement of technique and force output ability for prioritization of power output at the hip internal rotators, especially the hip abductors in addition to the hip extensor, and 2) hip abduction torque in the SRJ has a role in both postural control and determining the increment in jump height. These findings will be useful for clarifying the most pertinent points related to the SRJ and for developing an effective method that can be applied to plyometrics.

著者

苅山 靖 図子 浩二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.137-150, 2015 (Released:2015-06-13)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

5 1

---

The present study attempted to develop a training model using the rebound jump (RJ) for improving stiffness during bounding (BD), focusing on joint kinetics. 17 male track and field athletes (sprinters, jumpers, and decathletes) performed the BD and RJ. Video images of their jumping motions in the sagittal plane (300 Hz) and their ground reaction force data (1,000 Hz) were recorded. Stiffness was calculated using the spring-mass model, and the joint extension and plantar flexion torques during the first half of the take-off phase and negative torque power of the 3 lower joints (ankle, knee, hip) were calculated. The foot angle at the moment of touchdown during BD was also calculated. The results were as follows: 1.  During BD and RJ, stiffness was correlated with the ankle joint torque during the first half of the take-off phase and the negative torque power about the ankle joint. 2.  The foot angle at the moment of touchdown during BD was correlated with stiffness, contact time, ankle joint torque during the first half of the take-off phase, and negative torque power of the ankle joint. 3.  Ankle joint torque and negative torque power about the ankle joint during the first half of the take-off phase in BD were correlated with those during RJ.   These results suggest that stiffness during BD and RJ are affected by ankle joint kinetics. On the basis of these results, previous studies and sports training principles, plyometric training using the RJ may be useful for improving the stiffness in BD via ankle joint kinetics.

著者

苅山 靖 図子 浩二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.449-460, 2016 (Released:2016-12-14)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2

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In the present study, we aimed to (1) clarify the relationship between stiffness and take-off leg motion during bounding and (2) append the information gathered from the study to a hierarchical training model (Kariyama and Zushi 2013, 2015). Seventeen male track and field athletes (sprinters, jumpers, and decathletes) performed bounding. Jumping motions in the sagittal plane (300 Hz) and ground reaction force data (1,000 Hz) were recorded. Stiffness was calculated using the spring-mass model, and the kinematic and kinetic variables of both the take-off leg and swing leg were calculated. We found correlations between stiffness and the following parameters: vertical ground reaction force impulse during the late phase (r=−0.488), distance between the center of gravity of the body (CG) and the toe at touch down (r=−0.760), hip-toe distance at touch down and at toe off (r=−0.568 and −0.472, respectively), range of flexion at the hip joint angle (r=−0.517), range of extension at the knee joint angle (r=−0.484), negative joint work and relative work at the hip joint (r=−0.462 and −0.511, respectively), positive joint work and relative work at the knee joint (r=−0.619 and −0.534, respectively), swing-leg angle at touch down (r=−0.755), and swing-leg vertical impulse during the late phase (r=−0.535). The results we obtained suggest that take-off motion in bounding is affected by stiffness characteristics, although jump distance is not affected by stiffness (Kariyama and Zushi 2013, 2015). Previous studies (Kariyama and Zushi 2013, 2015) indicated that stiffness in bounding is affected by stiffness in rebound jumping. On the basis of our results and those of previous studies, take-off motion correlated with stiffness in bounding could be affected by rebound jump stiffness. Therefore, an understanding of the characteristics of stiffness in rebound jumping is important for training that changes the above-mentioned take-off motion in bounding.

著者

藤林 献明 坂口 将太 苅山 靖 図子 浩二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.175-188, 2014 (Released:2014-06-13)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

4

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The present study was conducted to examine the most effective takeoff movement for the Rebound Long Jump Test (RLJ test) under high-speed conditions. This test is designed to evaluate the ability to perform the ballistic stretch-shortening cycle movement for unilateral horizontal jump events on the basis of the RLJ index (RLJ index (m/s)=Jumping distance (JD (m))/Contact time (CT (s)). Subjects jump from a 0.1-m-high step to the ground after an approach run (falling jump), followed by jumping without interruption for as far as possible (propulsive jump). Eleven male college track-and-field athletes performed the RLJ test, and the RLJ index was calculated. On the basis of the average value of the RLJ index, the athletes were assigned to an upper level group (RLJ index>mean value) or a lower level group (RLJ index<mean value), and the takeoff movement of upper level group was considered the effective takeoff movement. The results suggested that it was important to minimize the rotation angle of the body, and to use a faster rotation velocity. This was achieved by 1) increasing the movement distance and velocity in the direction of the forward movement of the swing leg in the air, 2) minimizing the rotation angle of the foot and shank segment, and increasing that of the thigh segment during the initial phase, and 3) accelerating the rotation angle of the thigh segment again and swinging the swing-leg forward and up during the latter phase. These results suggest that the RLJ test and RLJ index provide a measure of the takeoff movement technique in terms of pre-rotation moment, the mechanism of rotation of the lower limb segment, and the swing moment of the swing leg.

著者

永原 隆 図子 浩二

出版者

日本スプリント学会

雑誌

スプリント研究 (ISSN:13449729)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.5-15, 2014-03

著者

図子 浩二

出版者

トレ-ニング科学研究会

雑誌

トレ-ニング科学 (ISSN:09188576)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.69-84, 2000

被引用文献数

1

著者

高松 薫 図子 浩二 村木 征人

出版者

筑波大学

雑誌

体育科学系紀要 (ISSN:03867129)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.207-214, 1990

著者

図子 浩二 西薗 秀嗣 平田 文夫

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.5, pp.593-600, 1998-10-01

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

4 2

---

A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the characteristics of torque production with special reference to eccentric and concentric muscle contraction and the structural and functional properties at the lower limb joints in the human kinetic chain. Ten male college athletes were tested with a isokinetic dynamometer (biodex) for eccentric and concentric torques during extension and flexion at the hip and knee, and plantar flexion and dorsiflexion at the ankle (angular velocity ; 30, 60, 120 deg/s) . The peak eccentric and concentric torques were higher in the order hip, knee and ankle joints, as the size of each muscle acting on its joint increased. However, the rate of peak concentric to eccentric torque (CON/ECC, %) was higher at the ankle joint than at the hip and knee joints. They tended to increase in the order of angular velocity ; 30, 60, 120 deg/s. These results suggest that the ankle joint is charactered by higher eccentric torque production. This characteristic is probably due to the fact that (1) the ankle joint is located at the end of the human kinetic chain and plays a role in transmitting the power to the ground effectively, (2) the muscle tendon complex acting at the ankle joint must have increased stiffness and tolerate great stretch loads to store and reuse the amount of elastic energy, (3) the hip and knee joints located at the center are the main sources of power supply. On the other hand, no significant correlations were observed among the torques at the hip, knee and ankle. These results suggest that torque production is independent at each of the lower limb joints, and is based on the structural and functional properties of each joint. These findings seem to be useful to clarifying the methods of strength and power training that can be adapted to the characteristics of torque production and the structural and functional properties of the hip, knee and ankle joints.

著者

図子 浩二 高松 薫

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.29-39, 1995-05-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

5 6

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Rebound drop jump index [RDJ_&ltindex&gt=(1/8・g・RDJt_a^2)/RDJt_c] was developed to evaluate the ability to perform the ballistic stretch. shortening cycle (SSC) movement. The RDJ_&ltindex&gt consists of ability to jump higher (RDJt_a) and that to shorten the contact time (RDJt_c) in rebound drop jump (RDJ), a typical SSC movement. The former is affected by leg strength and counter movement jump ability but the factors affecting the latter case have not yet been well established. This study examined the factors to shorten the contact time with special reference to two important views, i.e. work done by the lower limb joints and anticipation of the landing. 1. Relationships between work done by the lower limb joints and RDJ_&ltindex&gt, RDJt_c, and RDJt_a in RDJ from height of 0.3m were examined in ten college male athletes. There was a significant correlation between the ratio of negative work at the ankle to total work done by the lower limb joints and RDJ_&ltindex&gt (r=0.726, p&lt0.05), and RDJt_c (r=-0.823, p&lt0.01) but not RDJt_a (r=0.226,ns). Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between the ratio of negative work at the ankle and maximum plantar flexion strength (r=-0.329,ns). These results suggested that the rate of energy absorption at the ankle joint in former contact phase was one important factor to shorten the contact time in RDJ but not affected by plantar flexion strength. 2. RDJ_&ltindex&gt, RDJt_c and RDJt_a in two RDJs with or without visual information to inhibit temporal and spatial anticipation of landing were compared in six college male athletes. As compared without and with visual information, RDJt_c was longer, RDJt_a was shorter and RDJ_&ltindex&gt was lower, significantly. These changes were greater in subjects showing the higher RDJ_&ltindex&gt than those showing the lower RDJ_&ltindex&gt. Furthermore, changes of RDJ_&ltindex&gt, RDJt_c and RDJt_a in series of nine RDJs without visual information at thirty seconds of rest intervals were compared between subject A showing high RDJ_&ltindex&gt and subject B showing low RDJ_&ltindex&gt. RDJt_c decreased and RDJt_a increased slightly, and RDJ_&ltindex&gt increased by repeated trials even without visual information in subject A but not in subject B. These results suggested that temporal and spatial anticipation of the landing were another important factors to shorten the contact time in RDJ. These finding seemed to be beneficial for establishing strength and power training methods for jumper and ballgame players who are required ballistic stretch-shortening cycle movement.

著者

坂口 将太 藤林 献明 苅山 靖 図子 浩二

出版者

日本発育発達学会

雑誌

発育発達研究 (ISSN:13408682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2014, no.62, pp.24-33, 2014-03-01 (Released:2014-05-05)

参考文献数

25

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between rebound jumping ability and running ability in preschool children. The subjects consisted of 166 preschool children (96 boys and 70 girls;age range:2.0-6.0 years). The measurements used were jumping height of counter movement jumping (CMJ), index (jumping height/ground contact time) of consecutive rebound jumping (RJ), 20-m running velocity (RV), step length (SL) and step frequency (SF). To exclude the effects of growth on running ability, dimensionless numbers:indices of running velocity (IRV), step length (ISL) and step frequency (ISF) were calculated. Results were as follows;1 ) CMJ jumping height, RJ-index, RV, SL, IRV and ISL increased with aging. 2 ) The IRV, ISL and ISF correlated with CMJ jumping height and RJ index. The coefficient correlation of RJ-index to increase with aging. 3 ) RJ height and RJ ground contact time correlated with flight time and ground contact time in the 20-m run. These results suggest that CMJ and RJ ability influence the development of running ability in preschool children.

著者

林 陵平 苅山 靖 図子 浩二

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.2, pp.243-254, 2016-04-01 (Released:2016-03-18)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to identify the ground reaction force and lower extremity joint kinetics during clean exercises performed with light and heavy loads. Thirteen male track and field athletes performed the clean exercises from 20 kg to one repetition maximum (1RM). Kinetic data were collected from recorded data using a Vicon motion system (250 Hz) and force platforms (1,000 Hz). The results of the analyses were as follows: (1) Ground reaction force and joint kinetics of hip and ankle were increased by increasing loads in clean exercises. (2) From light to heavy loads, we found relationships between ground reaction force and joint torque of hip in clean exercises. (3) In progressing from light to heavy loads, some subjects continued to involve the muscle group controlling the hip joint as the main power source, while others did not. The results indicate that clean exercises yield different individual characteristics for training. These results suggest that the clean exercise is effective for selectively the hip extensor in all loads.

著者

苅山 靖 図子 浩二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14067, (Released:2015-03-13)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

3 1

---

The present study attempted to develop a training model using the rebound jump (RJ) for improving stiffness during bounding (BD), focusing on joint kinetics. Seventeen male track and field athletes (sprinters, jumpers, and decathletes) performed the BD and RJ. Video images of their jumping motions in the sagittal plane (300 Hz) and their ground reaction force data (1,000 Hz) were recorded. Stiffness was calculated using the spring-mass model, and the joint extension and plantar flexion torques during the first half of the take-off phase and negative torque power of the 3 lower joints (ankle, knee, hip) were calculated. The foot angle at the moment of touchdown during BD was also calculated. The results were as follows: 1. During BD and RJ, stiffness was correlated with the ankle joint torque during the first half of the take-off phase and the negative torque power about the ankle joint. 2. The foot angle at the moment of touchdown during BD was correlated with stiffness, contact time, ankle joint torque during the first half of the take-off phase, and negative torque power of the ankle joint. 3. Ankle joint torque and negative torque power about the ankle joint during the first half of the take-off phase in BD were correlated with those during RJ. These results suggest that stiffness during BD and RJ are affected by ankle joint kinetics. On the basis of these results, previous studies and sports training principles, plyometric training using the RJ may be useful for improving the stiffness in BD via ankle joint kinetics.

著者

岩竹 淳 図子 浩二 北田 耕司

出版者

石川工業高等専門学校

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2012-04-01

---

本研究は,疾走能力とジャンプパフォーマンスとの関係について明らかにしようとし,特に立五段跳の0-3歩(プレス型ジャンプ力)および3-5歩(スイング型ジャンプ力)について着目した.実験の結果,疾走能力上位者は,プレス型およびスイング型ジャンプ力がともに高いことが示された.プレス型ジャンプ力は,垂直跳や立幅跳のパフォーマンスと強い関連を示した.スイング型ジャンプ力は,ドロップジャンプのパフォーマンスとより高い関連を示した.したがって,立五段跳パフォーマンスを高めるには,長い時間と短い時間で脚が発揮する力を向上させることが必要になる.本研究の知見は,疾走能力の改善に有益なものと考えられる.

著者

図子 浩二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, 2005

著者

図子 浩二

巻号頁・発行日

2012

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科学研究費助成事業(科学研究費補助金)研究成果報告書:基盤研究(C)2009-2011

著者

恒吉 玲代 永山 寛 涌井 佐和子 浜岡 隆文 齋藤 和人 前田 明 図子 浩二 井上 尚武 和田 智仁 隅野 美砂輝 荻田 太 吉武 裕

出版者

日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.4, pp.433-442, 2008-08-01

被引用文献数

4 6

---

There have so far been no studies examining the physical fitness and physical activity (PA), measured using objective measures, in homebound elderly people. The purpose of this study was to examine physical fitness levels and PA patterns and evaluate their relationships in homebound elderly people. In 2004, a total of 3964 community-dwelling elderly aged 65 years and over participated in a base line survey. The subject data were directly collected by in-home interviewer. Subjects were defined as being homebound if they went outdoors less than once a week. However, the subjects who could not go out without assistance due to sickness and/or disability were excluded from the analysis. In 2005, 38 homebound (22 men, 16 women) and 70 non-homebound (33 men, 37 women) older adults who participated in the base line survey were selected. Measurements of physical fitness levels and PA patterns measured using an accelerometer, were taken in 2005. The total steps per day did not significantly differ between homebound and non-homebound men and women. The time spent in 1.8 METs activity (corresponding to activity level 1 of the accelerometer) was significantly higher in women than in men for non-homebound and homebound, respectively. The time spent in lower-, moderate-, and high-intensity PA did not significantly differ between homebound and non-homebound men and women, respectively. Handgrip strength, knee extensor strength, leg extensor power, stepping and maximum walking speed were significantly higher in non-homebound than in homebound men and women. These results suggest that the physical fitness levels of homebound were lower than those of non-homebound, but no difference was observed in the PA levels between homebound and non-homebound.