著者
藤原 清司 金広 文男 梶田 秀司 横井 一仁 齋藤 元 原田 研介 比留川 博久 五十棲 隆勝
出版者
日本ロボット学会
雑誌
日本ロボット学会誌 (ISSN:02891824)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.4, pp.427-434, 2005-05-15 (Released:2010-08-25)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
2 3

This paper investigates a method through which a human-size humanoid robot can fall over backwards safely. Squatting-extending motion of legs reduce impact of falling and shock-absorbing parts of the robot keep the force at a permissible range. The robot could stand up itself again after falling.
著者
齋藤 元子
出版者
The Association of Japanese Geographers
雑誌
地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.78, no.6, pp.413-425, 2005-05-01 (Released:2008-12-25)
参考文献数
23

学制公布の翌年1873(明治6)年に文部省の指示を受けて,師範学校が編纂した最初の官製地理教科書『地理初歩』は,アメリカ人コーネルの地理書を底本にしたといわれている.コーネルの地理書は,5段階のシリーズ教科書と自然地理書の6種類がある.これまでCornell's Primary Geographyを底本に, Cornell's High-School Geographyを補足本に用いたという説と, Cornell's First Steps in Geographyを底本にしたという説が提示されているが,詳細な検証はなされていない.本稿は,『地理初歩』の底本を明らかにすることを目的として,『地理初歩』の本文ならびに挿入図のすべてを, 6種類のコーネルの地理書と対比させ,文章の引用関係を調査した.その結果,『地理初歩』の底本はCornell's Primary Geographyであり, Cornell's First Steps in Geography, Cornell's lntermediate Geography, Cornell's Grammar-School Geographyを補足に用いたことが明らかになった.
著者
鶴巻 萌 齋藤 元文 丸山 茂徳 金井 昭夫
出版者
公益社団法人 東京地学協会
雑誌
地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.129, no.6, pp.881-898, 2020-12-25 (Released:2021-01-18)
参考文献数
49
被引用文献数
2 5

It is well known that the evolution of life is affected by environmental factors, and this should be a fundamental perspective when investigating the origin of life; however, this perspective has not been fully addressed in biology. The Hadean Earth had a completely different surface environment from that of today, with no free oxygen, but instead a local environment rich in H2 which was generated by serpentinization, while energy–material circulation was driven by nuclear geysers. It is proposed that an anoxic hot-spring environment, with abundant hydrogen produced by serpentinization, was the birthplace of life. It is also proposed that the Hakuba hot spring in Nagano, Japan, is a Hadean-Earth-like environment with an H2-rich environment. A microbe found there, designated Hakuba OD1, is a member of the Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) bacteria group. In this review, CPR bacteria are described and their importance for the origin of life is discussed. The CPR is a bacterial supergroup consisting of dozens of phylum-level lineages of very small bacteria. This group was recently discovered with a metagenomics analysis that allowed unculturable environmental samples to be detected. Biochemical approaches to the CPR bacteria have not yet been successful because almost all the bacteria are unculturable or have not been isolated. However, with the development of massive parallel sequencing technology (next-generation sequencing), the phylogenetic characteristics of the CPR bacteria are becoming clear, and genomic analyses of these bacteria have led to unique discoveries. The sizes of the CPR bacterial genomes range from 400 to 1,500 kilobases (kb), and they contain approximately 400-1,500 genes. Thus, their genomes are remarkably small compared to other well-known and ordinary bacteria, represented by Escherichia coli, which have over 4,000 genes, but are similar to those of symbiotic or parasitic bacteria. The CPR bacterial genomes also lack many of the genes involved in essential metabolic pathways, such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and amino acid biosynthesis, so they seem to obtain their essential metabolites from their environments. It is proposed that this knowledge is important when considering the chemical changes that occurred on primitive Earth, which gave rise to the first forms of life through the processes of chemical evolution. Therefore, it is essential to understand the kinds of protein that are encoded in CPR bacterial genomes when studying the origin of life.
著者
吉田 英生 石部 英臣 松井 裕樹 江川 猛 吉冨 聡 桑原 健雄 齋藤 元浩
出版者
一般社団法人日本機械学会
雑誌
年次大会講演論文集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2004, pp.351-352, 2004

A hybrid gas bearing with water evaporation from ultra-fine porous medium is newly proposed. The proposed bearing is considered to be applied to microturbines and have mainly three advantages suitable for the applications. The first is the stability improved by water evaporation from ultra-fine porous medium. The second is the effective lubrication by liquid water at start and stop of the journal rotation. The third is the cooling effect on the high-temperature journal due to water evaporation. A preliminary experiment is conducted, and the stable start and stop of the journal rotation are confirmed.
著者
中川 拓 今野 隼人 佐々木 智彦 大山 倫男 伊藤 学 齋藤 元 南谷 佳弘 小川 純一
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 日本呼吸器外科学会
雑誌
日本呼吸器外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:09190945)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.4, pp.733-741, 2010-05-15 (Released:2010-08-09)
参考文献数
14
被引用文献数
1

フィブリンの析出のためにドレナージが困難となった急性膿胸および肺炎随伴性胸水に対して,胸腔鏡下の手術奏功例が多数報告されているが,全身状態が不良で手術困難な場合も少なくない.このような症例に対してウロキナーゼの胸腔内投与の有用性が報告されている.しかし標準的な投与方法は確立していない.当科でウロキナーゼの投与を行った急性膿胸および肺炎随伴性胸水5例を対象に,ウロキナーゼ投与方法,治療期間,効果を中心にretrospectiveに検討した.全例で多房性胸水を認めていた.4例は発症後1~16日の経過で,ウロキナーゼ投与(1回12万単位,6~9回投与)のみで肺の良好な再膨張が見られた.ウロキナーゼ注入に加えて外科治療を要した1例は,発症から1ヵ月経過した膿胸で,手術後治癒した.出血などの合併症はなかった.ウロキナーゼの胸腔内投与は簡便であり大きな合併症もなく,poor risk症例に対して考慮すべき治療法と思われた.
著者
植田 吉宣 進藤 廣成 安達 登 山根 貴夫 齋藤 元伸 亀岡 信悟
出版者
日本臨床外科学会
雑誌
日本臨床外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:13452843)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.76, no.11, pp.2724-2728, 2015 (Released:2016-05-31)
参考文献数
23

症例は13歳,女児.急性の心窩部痛・吐血から意識障害をきたし,ショックの状態で当院へ救急搬送された.腹部CTでは大量の腹水およびfree airを認め,消化管穿孔による汎発性腹膜炎と診断し救命処置を行ったが救命できなかった.剖検したところ,胃底部前壁に約1.5×1.3cmおよび1.3×1.0cmと2箇所の破裂部位を認めた.破裂原因は不明であり,特発性胃破裂による汎発性腹膜炎およびショックによる死亡と診断した.本症例は胃底部の特発性胃破裂と考えられる病態による急激な転帰で死亡に至った例であり,非常に稀な症例と思われるため若干の文献的考察を踏まえ報告する.
著者
齋藤 元也 石塚 直樹 坂本 利弘
出版者
一般社団法人 日本リモートセンシング学会
雑誌
日本リモートセンシング学会誌 (ISSN:02897911)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.3, pp.193-203, 2017-07-21 (Released:2018-01-31)
参考文献数
97
被引用文献数
2

With the advent of new remote-sensing platforms and sensors such as drones, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), high-frequency observation satellites, etc., remote sensing technology is now being used to elucidate or resolve many agriculture-related issues from global food security to precision farming. This article looks back on the trajectory of the remote sensing studies on agriculture in Japan and reviews the results of studies published mainly by researchers at agricultural research institutes in four time periods since the late 1970 s, which we refer to as the “dawn and infancy period”, “development period”, “establishment period”, and “present”.
著者
吉田 英生 石部 英臣 吉冨 聡 齋藤 元浩 松井 裕樹 江川 猛 岩井 裕 坪田 宏之 桑原 健雄 金丸 一宏
出版者
The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 B編 (ISSN:03875016)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.72, no.722, pp.2562-2569, 2006

A hybrid bearing effectively stabilized by water evaporation from ultra-fine porous medium is proposed and its basic characteristics are clarified by numerical simulation and experiment. The proposed bearing aims to be applied to MGT (Micro Gas Turbine) and has mainly three advantages suitable for application to MGT. The first is the stability improved by water evaporation from ultra-fine porous medium. The second is the effective lubrication by liquid water at the start and stop of the journal rotation. The third is the cooling effect on the high-temperature journal due to water evaporation. A fundamental experiment from water lubrication to vapor lubrication via transition state has been carried out. The experiment indicated the potential of vapor lubrication and confirmed the stable start-up at water lubrication.