著者

池田香代子再話 C. ダグラス・ラミス対訳

出版者

マガジンハウス

巻号頁・発行日

2001

著者

Takayuki KIKUCHI Yasushi TAKAGI Jyoji NAKAGAWARA Tsukasa UENO Shiho UBUKATA Kiyohiro HOUKIN Yoshio ARAKI Jun C TAKAHASHI Hiroyuki NAKASE Toshiya MURAI Susumu MIYAMOTO COSMO-Japan Study Group

出版者

The Japan Neurosurgical Society

雑誌

Neurologia medico-chirurgica (ISSN:04708105)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023-0041, (Released:2023-05-11)

参考文献数

24

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Cognitive impairment in adult patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) is sometimes overlooked and can occur in patients with no ischemic or hemorrhagic lesions. Better profiling and reliable diagnostic methods that characterize the group and associate the impairments and pathology of MMD are required in order to deliver appropriate treatments and support. The potential of 123I-iomazenil single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for this issue has been reported in some studies, but the universality of this method remains unclear. A multicenter study of adult patients (aged 18-60 years) with MMD who experienced difficulties in social lives despite normal activities of daily living was implemented to delineate the common characteristics of this group of patients. In this study, iomazenil SPECT, besides patient characteristics, cognitive functions, and conventional imaging, was acquired to examine whether this method is suitable as a universal diagnostic tool. A total of 36 patients from 12 institutes in Japan were included in this study. Domain scores of world health organization quality of life 26 indicated low self-rating in physical health and psychological domains. The percentages of patients who had <85 in each index were 27.8%-33.3% in the WAIS-III and 16.7%-47.2% in the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised. The group analysis of iomazenil SPECT demonstrated a decreased accumulation in the bilateral medial frontal areas in comparison with the normal control, whereas there were no specific characteristics on conventional imaging in the cohort. Iomazenil SPECT is a possible universal diagnostic method for the extraction of patients with cognitive impairment in MMD.

著者

Gordon C. Nagayama HALL

出版者

Japanese Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies( JABCT )

雑誌

行動療法研究 (ISSN:09106529)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.35-37, 2016-01-31 (Released:2019-04-27)

著者

Priscilla C. SANCHEZ

出版者

Japan Society for Lactic Acid Bacteria

雑誌

日本乳酸菌学会誌 (ISSN:1343327X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.19-28, 1999-09-30 (Released:2012-09-24)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

8 7

著者

by Albert Blaise translated by Grant C. Roti

出版者

Georgetown University Press

巻号頁・発行日

1994

著者

Carol MWALE Takafumi SUNAGA Yanlin WANG Eugene C BWALYA H M Suranji WIJEKOON Sangho KIM Masahiro OKUMURA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.4, pp.515-522, 2023 (Released:2023-04-22)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

1

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Bupivacaine, levobupivacaine and ropivacaine are potent, long acting, amide-type local anesthetics that have several clinical applications including intra-articular administration. The objectives of this study were to evaluate their in vitro effects on cell viability and caspase activity to elucidate whether they activate the extrinsic or intrinsic pathways of apoptosis in canine articular chondrocytes. Chondrocytes in monolayer culture were treated with culture medium as the control, or with 0.062% (0.62 mg/mL) bupivacaine, 0.062% levobupivacaine, and 0.062% ropivacaine for 24 hr. Cell viability was evaluated using the live/dead, 3-(4,5-dimehylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. Evaluation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activity was performed using colorimetric assays. The MTT and CCK-8 assays were used to evaluate the effect of caspase inhibitors on local anesthetic chondrotoxicity. All three local anesthetics decreased chondrocyte viability after 24 hr (P<0.001). Apoptosis was induced through both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Bupivacaine increased caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activity (P<0.001). Levobupivacaine increased caspase-3 (P=0.03) while ropivacaine did not significantly upregulate activity for all three caspases. Caspase inhibition did not suppress bupivacaine chondrotoxicity whereas inhibition of caspase-8 and caspase-9 decreased ropivacaine chondrotoxicity and mildly attenuated levobupivacaine chondrotoxicity. In summary, the level of chondrotoxicity, the type of caspase activated, the level of caspase activation, and the response to caspase inhibitors was dependent on the type of local anesthetic. Therefore, ropivacaine may be a safer choice for intra-articular administration compared to levobupivacaine and bupivacaine.

著者

Alvaro Yogi Glaucia E. Callera Tayze T. Antunes Rita C. Tostes Rhian M. Touyz

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.2, pp.237-245, 2011 (Released:2011-01-25)

参考文献数

126

被引用文献数

47 57

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Decreased Mg2+ concentration has been implicated in altered vascular reactivity, endothelial dysfunction and structural remodeling, processes important in vascular changes and target organ damage associated with hypertension. Unlike our knowledge of other major cations, mechanisms regulating cellular Mg2+ handling are poorly understood. Until recently little was known about protein transporters controlling transmembrane Mg2+ influx. However, new research has uncovered a number of genes and proteins identified as transmembrane Mg2+ transporters, particularly transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) cation channels, TRPM6 and TRPM7. Whereas TRPM6 is found primarily in epithelial cells, TRPM7 is ubiquitously expressed. Vascular TRPM7 has been implicated as a signaling kinase involved in vascular smooth muscle cell growth, apoptosis, adhesion, contraction, cytoskeletal organization and migration, and is modulated by vasoactive agents, pressure, stretch and osmotic changes. Emerging evidence suggests that vascular TRPM7 function might be altered in hypertension. The present review discusses the importance of Mg2+ in vascular biology in hypertension and focuses on transport systems, mainly TRPM7, that might play a role in the control of vascular Mg2+ homeostasis. Elucidation of the relationship between the complex systems responsible for regulation of Mg2+ homeostasis, the role of TRPM7 in vascular signaling, and the cardiovascular impact will be important for understanding the clinical implications of hypomagnesemia in cardiovascular disease. (Circ J 2011; 75: 237-245)

著者

Mitsue Miyazaki Vadim Malis Asako Yamamoto Jirach Kungsamutr Linda K. McEvoy Marin A. McDonald Won C Bae

出版者

Japanese Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

雑誌

Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences (ISSN:13473182)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.mp.2023-0005, (Released:2023-03-11)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

2

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Purpose: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clearance is essential for maintaining a healthy brain and cognition by removal of metabolic waste from the central nervous system. Physical exercise has been shown to improve human health; however, the effect of physical exercise on intrinsic CSF outflow in humans remains unexplored. The purpose of this study was to investigate intrinsic CSF outflow pathways and quantitative metrics of healthy individuals with active and sedentary lifestyles. In addition, the effect of exercise was investigated among the sedentary subjects before and after 3 weeks of physical activity.Methods: This study was performed on 18 healthy adults with informed consent, using a clinical 3-Tesla MRI scanner. We classified participants into two groups based on reported time spent sitting per day (active group: < 7 hours sitting per day and sedentary group: ≥ 7 hours sitting per day). To elucidate the effect of exercise, sedentary individuals increased their activity to 3.5 hours for 3 weeks.Results: We show that there are two intrinsic CSF egress pathways of the dura mater and lower parasagittal dura (PSD). The adults with an active lifestyle had greater intrinsic CSF outflow metrics than adults with a more sedentary lifestyle. However, after increased physical activity, the sedentary group showed improved CSF outflow metrics. This improvement was particularly notable at the lower PSD, where outflow metrics were highest among the active group.Conclusion: Our findings describe the relationship between physical activity and intrinsic CSF outflow and show a potential selective outflow pathway with increasing physical activity in the lower PSD pathway, potentially from the perivascular space or cortical venous subpial space.

著者

M. C. NATH J. S. DHEER

出版者

THE VITAMIN SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

THE JOURNAL OF VITAMINOLOGY (ISSN:00225398)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.3, pp.183-185, 1967 (Released:2010-02-26)

参考文献数

16

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In the present paper the role of glucose cycloacetoacetate (GCA) in vitamin C synthesis of riboflavin-deficient rats was studied. It is evident from the results that GCA helps in maintaining vitamin C levels in blood and tissues of riboflavin-deficient rats.

著者

Robert C. BOSTROM

出版者

The Seismological Society of Japan, The Volcanological Society of Japan, The Geodetic Society of Japan

雑誌

Journal of Physics of the Earth (ISSN:00223743)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.145-161, 1981 (Released:2009-04-30)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1 2

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Flexure of the mantle by the east-west M2 wave imposes non-reversing small body torques. The stress and displacement have been evaluated for the plausible range of the elastic quality factor Q. The non-cancelling stresses are of the order 5×10-7dyn/cm2, varying as the magnitude of Q-1. The displacement varies as Q-2 and is correspondingly minute, but is cumulative through geologic time. The role of the lithosphere becomes dominant, because stress diffusion causes it to act as a transmission channel. Stress acting on isostatic lithosphere is additive horizontally, as wind stress is additive across a floating ice sheet. In respect to oceanic lithosphere, within a period of about 106 years the stress reaches a value of tens of bars and its displacement rate several cm/yr. It is surmised that the values reached are limited by imperfect elasticity of the lithosphere. The energy consumption based upon gravimetric values of the phase lag, between 1.3 and 2.3×1026erg/yr, is a fraction of the dissipation astronomically observed but not found in the seas. The effect of lithosphere creep is compared with Pacific and Atlantic tectonic features.

著者

Faith Bernadette A. Descallar Xi Yang Lester C. Geonzon Shingo Matsukawa

出版者

Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology

雑誌

Food Science and Technology Research (ISSN:13446606)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.FSTR-D-22-00170, (Released:2023-02-20)

被引用文献数

1

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This article reviews different studies on the gelation mechanisms and network structural characteristics in polysaccharide gels at the different length scales of observation: macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular. Rheological and micro-DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) measurements represent the macroscopic viewpoints on the gelation of pure kappa-carrageenan (KC), iota-carrageenan (IC) and KC⁄IC mixtures. Microscopic rheological properties observed using particle tracking experiments have been used to elucidate the formation of heterogeneous networks of KC-rich and IC-rich domains in mixed KC⁄IC gels, and facilitate observations of their aging process. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation time measurements provide information on the tumbling motion and local mobility; these molecular-level experiments were presented for agar, agarose, native gellan and deacylated gellan chains. NMR diffusion measurements of gelling and probe polymers give insights to the conformational changes, aggregation and network formation, and aging mechanisms, and are presented for all studied polysaccharides.

著者

João M. Santos Sara Pereira Diana B. Sequeira Ana L. Messias João B. Martins Henrique Cunha Paulo J. Palma Ana C. Santos

出版者

Nihon University School of Dentistry

雑誌

Journal of Oral Science (ISSN:13434934)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.171-177, 2019 (Released:2019-03-28)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

13 31

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This study evaluated the biocompatibility of a new silicone-based sealer (GuttaFlow Bioseal) in rat subcutaneous tissue and compared the results with those for GuttaFlow2 and AH Plus. Each of 16 Wistar rats received four subcutaneous tissue implants, namely, GuttaFlow Bioseal, GuttaFlow2, AH Plus, and one empty polyethylene tube. Eight rats were euthanized at day 8 and the remaining eight at day 30. Histological sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and analysed with a light microscope. Scores were established for inflammatory reaction, macrophage infiltrate, thickness of the fibrous capsule, and vascular changes. Differences between groups were assessed by using the Friedman test with Bonferroni correction. Histological analysis showed that GuttaFlow Bioseal had the lowest inflammatory reaction of all tested sealers at day 8. At day 30, the silicone-based sealers had similar inflammation profiles, but inflammation scores were nonsignificantly higher for AH Plus than for the negative control. The inflammatory reaction decreased from day 8 to day 30 in all sealers. GuttaFlow Bioseal had the most macrophage infiltrate. Under the present experimental conditions, GuttaFlow Bioseal induced limited inflammatory reactions at days 8 and 30, and initial inflammatory reactions to GuttaFlow2 and AH Plus subsided within 30 days. All tested sealers exhibited satisfactory biocompatibility at day 30 after subcutaneous implantation.

著者

Shinji C. Nagasaki Tomonori D. Fukuda Mayumi Yamada Yusuke III Suzuki Ryo Kakutani Adam T. Guy Itaru Imayoshi

出版者

Japan Society for Cell Biology

雑誌

Cell Structure and Function (ISSN:03867196)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.31-47, 2023 (Released:2023-02-08)

参考文献数

77

被引用文献数

1

---

The Gal4/UAS system is a versatile tool to manipulate exogenous gene expression of cells spatially and temporally in many model organisms. Many variations of light-controllable Gal4/UAS system are now available, following the development of photo-activatable (PA) molecular switches and integration of these tools. However, many PA-Gal4 transcription factors have undesired background transcription activities even in dark conditions, and this severely attenuates reliable light-controlled gene expression. Therefore, it is important to develop reliable PA-Gal4 transcription factors with robust light-induced gene expression and limited background activity. By optimization of synthetic PA-Gal4 transcription factors, we have validated configurations of Gal4 DNA biding domain, transcription activation domain and blue light-dependent dimer formation molecule Vivid (VVD), and applied types of transcription activation domains to develop a new PA-Gal4 transcription factor we have named eGAV (enhanced Gal4-VVD transcription factor). Background activity of eGAV in dark conditions was significantly lower than that of hGAVPO, a commonly used PA-Gal4 transcription factor, and maximum light-induced gene expression levels were also improved. Light-controlled gene expression was verified in cultured HEK293T cells with plasmid-transient transfections, and in mouse EpH4 cells with lentivirus vector-mediated transduction. Furthermore, light-controlled eGAV-mediated transcription was confirmed in transfected neural stem cells and progenitors in developing and adult mouse brain and chick spinal cord, and in adult mouse hepatocytes, demonstrating that eGAV can be applied to a wide range of experimental systems and model organisms.Key words: optogenetics, Gal4/UAS system, transcription, gene expression, Vivid

著者

C. A. R. クロスランド著 関嘉彦監訳

出版者

論争社

巻号頁・発行日

1961

著者

A・C・ウェデマイヤー [著] 妹尾作太男訳

出版者

講談社

巻号頁・発行日

1997

著者

Eugenia V. BRAGINA Irina V. BALAN Nadezhda V. KUZNETSOVA Mikhail P. PARILOV Jonathan C. SLAGHT

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:13470558)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.53-62, 2022 (Released:2022-01-31)

参考文献数

30

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Red-crowned Grus japonensis (IUCN status: Endangered) and White-naped Antigone vipio (IUCN status: Vulnerable) cranes are both rare, with wild populations of ~3,000 and ~6,000 individuals, respectively. Since 1991, the Rare Bird Reintroduction Station at the Khingansky State Nature Reserve, Russia, has been rearing and reintroducing chicks of both species to bolster wild populations. The station uses two different chick-rearing methods: (1) the "parent-reared" method, in which chicks are raised in enclosures by natural parents and stay with them until their release into the wild, and (2) the "semi-wild" method, a modification of hand-rearing, in which cohorts of 2–7 chicks spend most of their time together in an enclosure but are guided on daily excursions outside the enclosure, under supervision of a keeper from a distance of 30–50 m. We have assessed and compared apparent survival of crane chicks reared under these methods. Of the 165 juveniles released into the wild from 1991–2019 (104 Red-crowned; 61 White-naped), no difference was found between apparent survival of parent-reared and semi-wild chicks. Six-month apparent survival of Red-crowned Cranes was 84.2% (95% confidence interval: 75.3–90.3%); for White-naped Cranes -89.5% (95% CI: 83.9–93.3%). Both parent-reared and semi-wild chicks were later observed in mated pairs with their own offspring (17 chicks in total), coupling with either other reintroduced birds or with wild individuals. We conclude that both the parent-reared and semi-wild methods had similar outcomes with respect to apparent survival. However, since the semi-wild method is less costly with respect to time (i.e., more juveniles can be released annually using this method) we recommend that it be used whenever possible to bolster these Endangered and Vulnerable populations.

著者

Yu Zhi Lian Chun-Chao Chang Yu-Shan Chen Alexey A. Tinkov Anatoly V. Skalny Jane C.-J. Chao

出版者

SOCIETY FOR FREE RADICAL RESEARCH JAPAN

雑誌

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition (ISSN:09120009)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.3, pp.229-237, 2022 (Released:2022-11-01)

参考文献数

61

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Active ingredients in the natural products have been considered to be used for alleviating the symptoms of ulcerative colitis, hence the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LP) and capsaicin on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats were investigated. Rats were grouped into normal, DSS induced colitis, and colitis treated with 100 mg LP/kg body weight, 12 mg capsaicin/kg body weight, or combined 50 mg LP/kg body weight and 6 mg capsaicin/kg body weight. Treatment with LP or capsaicin was orally fed by gavage for 4 weeks, and 5% DSS was fed via drinking water for 6 days during week 3. Colon tissue and cecum content were collected for analysis. Treatments with LP and/or capsaicin ameliorated disease activity index scores, severity of colon distortion, and shrinkage of colon length. LP and capsaicin decreased colonic pro-inflammatory cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-22) levels. Cecal microbiota in colitis rats were enriched with the genus Turicibacter and Lachnospira. The relative abundance of genus Ruminiclostridium_9 and Ruminoclostridium_1 was increased by LP and capsaicin treatment, respectively. Pretreatment with LP or capsaicin inhibits the severity of colonic damage in rats with DSS-induced colitis via anti-inflammation and modulation of colonic microbiota.

著者

ナンシー・C.アンドリアセン著 岡崎祐士[ほか]訳

出版者

紀伊国屋書店

巻号頁・発行日

1986

著者

AKKEMIK KUCUKALI 新見 陽子 Fuentes・Cordoba Gabriel C Y.Horioka 庄司 匡宏

出版者

山口大学

雑誌

国際共同研究加速基金(国際共同研究強化(B))

巻号頁・発行日

2021-10-07

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After the breakout of the civil war in Syria in 2011, Turkey faced a serious refugee exodus. After a decade, the population of refugees rose to 4 million and they are scattered all over the country from bordering provinces to big cities. The literature so far studied the consequences of this inflow of refugees on economic outcomes, e.g., wages, employment, and housing demand. Yet, the impacts on wellbeing and social capital (e.g., trust and altruism) of both locals and refugees is still unexplored. This project aims to examine it via a multi-focal attempt relying on a large national survey.

著者

徳山 喜政 今野 晃市 曽根 順治 Janaka Rajapakse R.P.C.

出版者

芸術科学会

雑誌

芸術科学会論文誌 (ISSN:13472267)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.1-9, 2010 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

18

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CGアニメーションでは,人物や動物などのキャラクターの形状モデルが重要である.これらの形状を複数枚のBazier, B-splineやNURBSなどのパラメトリック曲面で表現する場合,曲面同士を滑らかに接続するのは困難であり,複雑な処理を必要とする.この問題を解決するために,近年細分割局面(Subdivision Surfaces)がよく利用されている.しかし,デザイナーが直観的にモデリングすることができる効率的なモデリング手法の確立は依然として大きな課題である.一方,複雑な自由曲面形状を設計するための手法として,曲面の境界曲線を入力して曲面メッシュを生成し,境界で囲まれた領域をGregoryパッチで内挿する手法がある.このような手法は,曲線メッシュを直接修正することで,意図する形状を得ることができるため,細分割曲面を利用する方法と比較して,直観的な形状変形を行うことができるという利点がある.本研究では, Catmull-Clark細分割曲面とGregoryパッチ両方の特徴を生かすために,ポリゴンメッシュから同一位相をもつ曲線メッシュをCatmull-Clark細分割法則に基づいて生成し,生成された曲線メッシュを直接変形し,変形された曲線メッシュ形状をポリゴンメッシュへ反映させるような局所変形手法を提案する.本手法は,曲線メッシュ上の頂点や稜線に変形を施した場合,その頂点や稜線につながっている曲面形状しか変形されないのが特徴である.また,曲線メッシュ上の任意の範囲を指定し,指定した範囲外の曲面との連続性を保ちつつ,範囲内の曲面を自由に変形することも可能である.曲線メッシュ上の変形をポリゴンメッシュへ反映させることで,ポリゴンメッシュで行いにくい局所変形や直観的な変形が実現できる.