著者

Kai FENG Wei LI Zhihong GUO Hong DUO Yong FU Xiuying SHEN Cheng TIE Rijie E Changqin XIAO Yanhong LUO Guo QI Ma NI Qingmei MA Wataru YAMAZAKI Ayako YOSHIDA Yoichiro HORII Kinpei YAGI Nariaki NONAKA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17-0430, (Released:2017-10-23)

被引用文献数

10

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For field-identification of taeniid cestodes in canine animals in Tibetan area, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for Echinococcus multilocularis, E. shiquicus, Taenia hydatigena, T. multiceps, T. pisiformis and T. crassiceps were developed and evaluated along with the reported assay for E. granulosus. The LAMP assays showed specific reaction with their corresponding target species DNA with the detection limit of 1 to 10 pg. Moreover, the assays for E. granulosus, E. multilocularis, T. hydatigena and T. multiceps could detect DNA extracted from 3 or more eggs of their corresponding target species. Then, the LAMP assays were applied on samples containing 3 to 35 taeniid eggs obtained from 61 field-collected canine feces in Qinghai, and the result was compared with a reported multiplex PCR and sequence analysis. The LAMP assays and the PCR detected single species DNA of E. granulosus, E. shiquicus, T. hydatigena and T. multiceps in 5, 2, 44 and 2 samples, respectively. In the rest 8 samples, DNA of both E. granulosus and T. hydatigena were detected by the PCR but the LAMP assays detected those DNAs in 2 samples and only T. hydatigena DNA in 6 samples. It was assumed that less than 3 E. granulosus eggs were mixed in the samples although the samples contained 21 to 27 eggs in total. In conclusion, the LAMP assays were less sensitive than the multiplex PCR, but would have adequate sensitivity for field use in Tibetan area.

著者

E・トッド [著] 石崎晴己 中野茂訳

出版者

藤原書店

巻号頁・発行日

2013

著者

ドゥムルナエル E. ボヌイユ C. 須田 文明[翻訳] E. Demeulnaere C. Bonneuil Fumiaki Suda 農林水産省農林水産政策研究所

出版者

岩手県立大学総合政策学会

雑誌

総合政策 = Journal of policy studies (ISSN:13446347)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.133-148, 2015-11-01

著者

赤松 浩彦 Christos C. Zouboulis Constantin E. Orfanos

出版者

公益社団法人 日本皮膚科学会

雑誌

日本皮膚科学会雑誌 (ISSN:0021499X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.102, no.1, pp.47, 1992 (Released:2014-08-12)

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Testosterone(以下Tと略す),5α-dihydrotestosterone(以下DHTと略す)の皮脂腺の増殖に及ぼす影響を,人の大腿部より分離した皮脂腺を組織片培養して得られた脂腺細胞を用いて検討した.その結果,Tは濃度依存性に脂腺細胞の増殖を抑制し,一方DHTは僅かながら増殖を促進することがin vitroで判明した.皮脂腺が多数の内分泌因子によって支配されていることは周知の事実であり,個々の内分泌因子がどのように皮脂腺に影響を及ぼしているかは大変興味深い点である.この組織培養法は,個々の内分泌因子の皮脂腺に及ぼす影響を細胞レベルで,しかも定量的に扱える点で非常に優れた実験手段であると考えられた.

著者

寒川 一成 ケビン D.ギャラガー ピータ E.ケンモア

出版者

日本熱帯農業学会

雑誌

熱帯農業 (ISSN:00215260)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.4, pp.361-368, 1994-12-01

被引用文献数

1

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The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens has long been an outbreak-prone insect pest of rice since the introduction of paddy farming into Japan. BPH is also known as a monsoonic migrants originated in tropical Asia. The BPH was a rice-monophagous minor herbivore in the tropical paddy ecosystems of subsistent phase. However, it raised suddenly as a key-pest of high-yielding rice varieties (HYV) spread into tropical Asia during the "Green Revolution" in 1970s. The BPH outbreaks happened under the pest management with pesticides at International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is an epitome of the BPH menace which is even now prevailing in tropical Asia. Pesticide use at IRRI farms started with γ-BHC against the rice stem borers in 1962. Since its first occurrence in 1964,BPH infestations magnified rapidly in spite of intensive control with diazinon and later with carbofuran. Eventually, IRRI farms were suffered by devastating outbreak of BPH in 1971-1976,until declining after sequential releases of BPH-resistant HYVs. Resurgence induced by pesticides, development of pesticide resistance, and biotype shifts in the BPH populations were attributed to the outbreak. Restraint of preventive use of pesticides was most effective to stop the BPH problems at IRRI. At present, the BPH density at IRRI farms is at far below the economic threshold level. The pesticide input is often mistakenly associated with increased productivity of the tropical rice, which is largely attributed to HYVs, fertilizers, and irrigation. In general, potential yield losses due to the insect pests are estimated about 10-20% by the on-farm assessments. Except for massive infestations, less than 10% can be caused by insect damages in a normal year. However, the on-farm economic assessment revealed unprofitability of pest control with high input of pesticides. Expected returns are generally low on high levels of pesticide use, and no control is often the economically acceptable option, and biological control in association with varietal resistance has consistently proven more profitable than pesticide use in long-term experiments. This is the reason why pesticides that were employed as a modern high-yielding technology needed official subsidy. In addition, the resurgence of BPH is the most expensive hidden cost of pesticide use. Population ecology of BPH and its natural enemies in the tropical paddy ecosystems demonstrated that pesticides readily led to explosive upsurge of BPH populations by destroying its natural enemy complex. High fecundity, short generation cycle, active dispersal, and tolerance to crowding are the biological properties of the BPH for its easy resurgence under the disruptive impact of pesticides to natural enemies. The BPH was initially uncurbed from natural enemies by pesticides used for controlling the other targeted insect pests such as stem borers. Escalated pesticide use against the upsurge of BPH infestations further promoted its resurgence. Eventually, such vicious cycle give rise to uncontrollable outbreaks of BPH, and disaster the rice production systems. Indonesia is a prime example of the country where the BPH crisis led to the establishment of ecologically sound pest management program in rice. Pesticides were initially adopted as an essential component of "Green Revolution" package for high-yielding technology, and 85% of their cost was subsidised. As increase of pesticide use, resurgence and outbreaks of the BPH prevailed throughout the rice granaries in the country in 1975-1979. Stagnation of rice production made the country the world-biggest rice importer in this period. Forcible planting of the BPH-resistant variety IR 36 suppressed the BPH outbreak, and led to the rice self-sufficiency in 1985. However, the BPH menace revived when IR 36 was replaced with new varieties having improved eating-qualities and high profitability. The BPH biotype adapted to the new varieties became epidemic over major rice areas in 1985-1986,in spite of as much as 10 times more pesticide supply. Collapse of the reliance to pesticides led to the switching of crop protection policy from pesticide-dependent to ecosystem-orientated IPM by the Presidential Instruction in 1986. Consequently, the 57 pesticides were immediately banned from use in paddy, and government subsidy for pesticides was completely abolished in 1989. At the same time, FAO Rice-IPM Program has launched. The principles of FAO Rice-IMP in the developing countries in tropical Asia is "Integration of biological control into crop production systems", where "Maximum conservation of natural enemies, minimum reliance on pesticides" is emphasized in implementation of the IPM. The concept arose largely in response to the crisis-driven outbreaks of BPH induced by prophylactic use of pesticides that had motivated by government policy and commercial promotion, as well as unprofitability of overdependence to pesticide technology for controlling the endemic insect pests in the tropical rice farming. Recognizing the central role of natural enemies of rice pests through on-farm paddy-ecosystem analysis by farmers themselves is the most strongest motive for farmers to change their pest control practices. The ecosystem analysis ensure that IPM is not distorted into a purely negative message "Don't spray pesticide this week". Instead, IPM is reinforced by positive reassurance "This field is in good condition this week". Pesticide use has effectively been reduced without spoiling productivity of rice by farmers trained IPM. Official support of FAO Rice-IPM have been promulgated in the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, and Sri Lanka.

著者

直井 工 Veilleux C. C. Garrett E. C. 松井 淳 新村 芳人 Melin A. D. 東原 和成 河村 正二

出版者

日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 Supplement

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.42-42, 2016

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<p>霊長類は3色型色覚の進化に伴い、嗅覚を退化させたと解釈されてきたが、近年の全ゲノムデータの整備に伴い、恒常的3色型色覚の狭鼻猿類と多型的色覚の広鼻猿(新世界ザル)類の間ではORの機能遺伝子数や偽遺伝子数に大きな違いがないことがわかっている。新世界ザルは食性や色覚の多様性が顕著であるため、嗅覚と食性や色覚との関連を検証するのに適している。しかし、全ゲノムデータの公開されている少数の種を除いて、新世界ザル類のOR遺伝子レパートリーは未解明である。そこで本研究は、新世界ザル全3科と多様な色覚型を網羅して、フサオマキザル(オマキザル亜科:3アリル2-3色型色覚)、セマダラタマリン(マーモセット亜科:3アリル2-3色型色覚)、アザレヨザル(ヨザル亜科:1色型色盲)、チュウベイクモザル(クモザル亜科:2アリル2-3色型色覚)、マントホエザル(ホエザル亜科:恒常的3色型色覚)、ダスキーティティ(ティティ亜科:3アリル2-3色型色覚)を対象に、各1個体の高純度ゲノムに対して、真猿類のOR遺伝子の全571orthologous gene groupのターゲットキャプチャーと次世代シークエンシングを行った。一方、種内変異を調べるために、ノドジロオマキザルとチュウベイクモザルの野生群を対象に、リガンド感受性の幅が異なることが他の哺乳類で知られている、一部のOR遺伝子(OR1A1,OR51L1,OR2A25)に対して、PCRとサンガーシーケンシングを行った。本発表ではその経過について報告する。</p>

著者

遠藤 瑞輝 白須 未香 Williamson R. E. Nevo O. Melin A. D. 東原 和成 河村 正二

出版者

日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 Supplement

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.43-43, 2016

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<p>霊長類は、視覚や聴覚、嗅覚といった感覚を通じて外界の情報を認知している。中でも視覚に関する知見は多く、3色型色覚を持つ霊長類は、遠方の果実などの食べ物を見分ける際に有利であると考えられてきた。しかし、近年の研究から従来の視覚重視の考えに疑問が持たれるようになってきた。オマキザルやクモザルの野外観察の結果、自然界で背景となる葉と視覚上のコントラストが低い果実ほど頻繁に匂い嗅ぎを行い、果実の成熟を判断しているという結果が得られている。しかし、霊長類が食する果実の匂い成分が、成熟に応じてどのように変化しているのか、またこれらの匂いが霊長類の果実の選好性にどのように関与しているのかは、未知である。匂いの他にも、果実は、成熟に応じて色や大きさ、固さなどの様々な性質を変化させることが知られており、霊長類が、果実採食においてどのような特徴を重視し、選択するのかを解明することは、霊長類がどのような感覚を使って採食するのかを理解するうえで非常に重要である。そこで私たちはコスタリカのグアナカステ保全区内サンタロサ地区において、色覚多様性が既知であるノドジロオマキザル(<i>Cebus capucinus</i>)が実際に食する果実の採集を行った。果実は、シリカ母材のカーボングラファイト含有である吸着剤とともに密閉したオーブンバッグに入れ、匂いを捕集した。果実1種につき成熟段階ごとに3段階に分け、それぞれ5回ずつ匂い捕集を行った。現在、4種の果実の成分分析、及び分析結果を基にした主成分分析までが完了している。その結果、いくつかの果実において、成熟段階に応じて果実の揮発性有機物(VOC)の総量や組成が変化していることわかった。また、種によっては熟度による色の変化よりも匂いの変化の方が大きいという結果も得られている。今後より詳細な解析と検討が必要だが、今回の分析の結果、果実の匂いが霊長類の採食行動に大きな手掛かりとなっていることが予想される。</p>

著者

早川 達 A E

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経ドラッグインフォメーションpremium

巻号頁・発行日

no.178, pp.PE17-24, 2012-08

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北海道薬科大学薬物治療学分野教授。POS(Problem Oriented System)に基づく薬歴管理の第一人者。著書に『POS薬歴がすぐ書ける「薬歴スキルアップ」虎の巻』基本疾患篇、慢性疾患篇、専門疾患篇など。 今回は、薬局セントラルファーマシー長嶺に来局した72 歳女性、鈴木ヨシ子さん(仮名)の薬歴をオーディットしました。

著者

Seuster R. Abe K. Aihara H. Asano Y. Aushev T. Bakich A. M. Barbero M. Bedny I. Bitenc U. Bizjak I. Bozek A. Dragic J. Drutskoy A. Eidelman S. Fang F. Gershon T. Go A. Gokhroo G. Golob B. Gorišek A. Hayasaka K. Kim H. J. Hazumi M. Hoshi Y. Hou S. Hou W. -S. Iijima T. Ikado K. Itoh R. Iwasaki Y. Kang J. H. Kang J. S. Kim S. M. Kapusta P. Katayama N. Kawai H. Kawasaki T. Khan H. R. Kichimi H. Križan P. Krokovny P. Kulasiri R. Kuo C. C. Kuzmin A. Kwon Y. -J. Lange J. S. Lesiak T. Okuno S. Li J. Lin S. -W. Mandl F. Mitaroff W. Miyake H. Miyazaki Y. Mizuk R. Nagamine T. Nagasaka Y. Nakano E. Olsen S. L. Nakao M. Nishida S. Nitoh O. Ogawa S. Ohshima T. Okabe T. Onuki Y. Ozaki H. Pakhlov P. Palka H. Park C. W. Park H. Park K. S. Pestotnik R. Takasaki F. Piilonen L. E. Sakai Y. Sato N. Schietinger T. Schneider O. Schümann J. Schwanda C. Sevior M. E. Shibuya H. Sidorov V. Tamai K. Somov A. Soni N. Stamen R. Stanič S. Starič M. Suzuki S. Y. Tamura N. Tanaka M. Taylor G. N. Teramoto Y. Tian X. C. Uehara S. Uglov T. Ueno K. Bračko M. Uno S. Urquijo P. Varner G. Wang C. C. Wang C. H. Wang M. -Z. Xie Q. L. Yabsley B. D. Yamaguchi A. Yamashita Y. Brodzicka J. Yamauchi M. Ying J. Yusa Y. Zhang L. M. Zhang Z. P. Zhilich V. Chen A. Cheon B. G. Choi Y. Chuvikov A. Cole S. Dalseno J. Danilov M. Dash M. Dong L. Y.

出版者

The American Physical Society

雑誌

PHYSICAL REVIEW D (ISSN:15507998)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.32002, pp.1-22, 2006

被引用文献数

70

著者

E.H.ノーマン著 大窪愿二訳編

出版者

岩波書店

巻号頁・発行日

1956

著者

E.G.サイデンステッカー著 安西徹雄訳

出版者

講談社

巻号頁・発行日

1982

著者

I.-Ping CHENG Jonathan E. POULTON Department of Biological Sciences The University of Iowa:(Present)Department of Pharmacology University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey Department of Biological Sciences The University of Iowa

雑誌

Plant and cell physiology (ISSN:00320781)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.7, pp.1139-1143, 1993-10

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3

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A full-length cDNA clone encoding the flavoprotein (R)-(+)-mandelonitrile lyase was isolated from a black cherry (Prunus serotina) cDNA expression library and sequenced. A putative FAD-binding site was identified near the N-terminus of this enzyme by comparing its deduced amino acid sequence with those of other FAD- and NAD-binding proteins.

著者

Caprio Mark E.

出版者

Centre for Asian Area Studies, Rikkyo University

巻号頁・発行日

2009-02

著者

ルップ E.

出版者

THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN , The Mathematical Society of Japan

雑誌

日本数学物理学会誌 (ISSN:21852715)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.77-80, 1930

著者

Nanako USHIO James K. CHAMBERS Kennichi WATANABE Takuya E. KISHIMOTO Jun-You LI Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA Kazuyuki UCHIDA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.8, pp.1373-1375, 2016 (Released:2016-09-01)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

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A 7-year-old Duroc sow exhibited emaciation, loss of appetite and rapid breathing, and was euthanized. Histopathological examination revealed mild to moderate fibrosis of the heart, cystic kidneys and ulcerative enteritis associated with Balantidium infection. Additionally, a small nodule was incidentally found in the peripancreatic fat tissue. The nodule consisted of disarranged cellular components: pancreatic islet cells (either insulin-, glucagon- or somatostatin-positive), pancreatic acinar cells, hepatocytes (human hepatocyte-positive) and ductal cells (cytokeratin 19-positive). Some of the human hepatocyte-positive cells were also positive for chromogranin A and cytokeratin 7, indicating that they were hepatic progenitor cells. The nodule was therefore diagnosed as hamartoma, probably originating from a fragment of the caudal verge of the liver bud, which contains hepatic and pancreatic progenitors.

著者

WALTARI E.

雑誌

Molecular Ecology

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.3005-3016, 2005

被引用文献数

2 63

著者

E・ホッファー著 中本義彦訳

出版者

作品社

巻号頁・発行日

2002

著者

by Robin E. Waterfield

出版者

G. Allen and Unwin

巻号頁・発行日

1973

著者

ブリンクマイヤ R.E.

出版者

三田史学会

雑誌

史學 (ISSN:03869334)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.150-182, 1956-08

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一 菩薩の佛敎の生長二 菩薩の佛敎と神佛習合の本質三 菩薩の佛敎の變容とその意義

著者

chief editors Don E. Wilson Russell A. Mittermeier associate editors Sue Ruff Albert Martínez-Vilalta photographic editor Josep del Hoyo authors Paolo Cavallini ...

出版者

Lynx

巻号頁・発行日

2009