著者

Hart Lynette A.

出版者

文永堂出版

雑誌

獣医畜産新報 (ISSN:04470192)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.9, pp.760-767, 1996-09

著者

Basel Abdelazeem Ahmed K. Awad Merihan A. Elbadawy Nouraldeen Manasrah Bilal Malik Amman Yousaf Sarah Alqasem Sandi Banour Sarah Magdy Abdelmohsen

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics (ISSN:18817831)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.14-22, 2022-02-28 (Released:2022-03-09)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

10

---

Accumulating evidence has been reported regarding the effect of curcumin as a dietary antiviral on patients with COVID-19; however, findings are controversial. Our systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of curcumin in patients with COVID-19. Electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar) were systematically searched to identify only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that assessed curcumin in patients with COVID-19 from inception to September 23, 2021 relevant keywords. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was used to evaluate the risk of bias. After a critical review of 1,098 search hits, only six RCTs were selected for discussion. A total of 480 patients were included, with 240 amongst the curcumin groups and 240 in the control group. The lymphocyte count was significantly higher in the curcumin group compared to the placebo group. Curcumin was found to decrease the number of T-helper 17 cells, downregulate T-helper-17 cell‐related factors, reduce levels of T-helper-17 cell‐related cytokines, yet increase the gene expression of Treg transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and decrease T-Box transcription factor 21 (TBX21). Our review revealed that curcumin might have a positive effect on relieving COVID-19 related inflammatory response due to its powerful immune‐modulatory effects on cytokines production, T-cell responses, and gene expression. These findings suggest that curcumin confers clinical benefits in patients with COVID-19. However, due to the limited number of the included studies, further high-quality studies are needed to establish the clinical efficacy of the curcumin.

著者

HIDEAKI KANZAWA-KIRIYAMA TIMOTHY A. JINAM YOSUKE KAWAI TAKEHIRO SATO KAZUYOSHI HOSOMICHI ATSUSHI TAJIMA NOBORU ADACHI HIROFUMI MATSUMURA KIRILL KRYUKOV NARUYA SAITOU KEN-ICHI SHINODA

出版者

一般社団法人 日本人類学会

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.127, no.2, pp.83-108, 2019 (Released:2019-08-29)

参考文献数

139

被引用文献数

43 60

---

The Funadomari Jomon people were hunter-gatherers living on Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan c. 3500–3800 years ago. In this study, we determined the high-depth and low-depth nuclear genome sequences from a Funadomari Jomon female (F23) and male (F5), respectively. We genotyped the nuclear DNA of F23 and determined the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-I genotypes and the phenotypic traits. Moreover, a pathogenic mutation in the CPT1A gene was identified in both F23 and F5. The mutation provides metabolic advantages for consumption of a high-fat diet, and its allele frequency is more than 70% in Arctic populations, but is absent elsewhere. This variant may be related to the lifestyle of the Funadomari Jomon people, who fished and hunted land and marine animals. We observed high homozygosity by descent (HBD) in F23, but HBD tracts longer than 10 cM were very limited, suggesting that the population size of Northern Jomon populations were small. Our analysis suggested that population size of the Jomon people started to decrease c. 50000 years ago. The phylogenetic relationship among F23, modern/ancient Eurasians, and Native Americans showed a deep divergence of F23 in East Eurasia, probably before the split of the ancestor of Native Americans from East Eurasians, but after the split of 40000-year-old Tianyuan, indicating that the Northern Jomon people were genetically isolated from continental East Eurasians for a long period. Intriguingly, we found that modern Japanese as well as Ulchi, Korean, aboriginal Taiwanese, and Philippine populations were genetically closer to F23 than to Han Chinese. Moreover, the Y chromosome of F5 belonged to haplogroup D1b2b, which is rare in modern Japanese populations. These findings provided insights into the history and reconstructions of the ancient human population structures in East Eurasia, and the F23 genome data can be considered as the Jomon Reference Genome for future studies.

著者

Rei YAMASHITA Nagako HIKI Fumika KASHIWADA Hideshige TAKADA Kaoruko MIZUKAWA Britta Denise HARDESTY Lauren ROMAN David HYRENBACH Peter G. RYAN Ben J. DILLEY Juan Pablo MUÑOZ-PÉREZ Carlos A. VALLE Christopher K. PHAM João FRIAS Bungo NISHIZAWA Akinori TAKAHASHI Jean-Baptiste THIEBOT Alexis WILL Nobuo KOKUBUN Yuuki Y. WATANABE Takashi YAMAMOTO Kozue SHIOMI Ui SHIMABUKURO Yutaka WATANUKI

出版者

Japan Society for Environmental Chemistry

雑誌

Environmental Monitoring and Contaminants Research (ISSN:24357685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.97-112, 2021 (Released:2021-10-11)

参考文献数

90

被引用文献数

17

---

Plastic pollution, and its associated impacts on marine fauna due to chemical contamination, is an area of growing global concern. We analyzed 145 preen gland oil samples from 32 seabird species belonging to 8 families with different foraging habits and life history strategies from around the world for plastic additives and legacy persistent organic pollutants. The additives included two brominated flame retardants (decabromodiphenyl ether, BDE209; decabromo diphenyl ethane, DBDPE) and six benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BUVSs; UVP, UV326, UV329, UV328, UV327, and UV234). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites: DDTs and hexachlorocyclohexane: HCHs) were detected ubiquitously. High concentrations of PCBs (up to 20,000 ng/g-lipid) were observed in the seabirds from higher-trophic level taxa. These patterns can be attributed to PCB exposure via their diet and associated biomagnification. DDT concentrations showed strong positive correlations with PCB concentrations, suggesting that DDTs in seabirds are also a result of diet and biomagnification. Plastic additives were detected sporadically as BDE209 and DBDPE were detected in 16 seabirds from 10 species (range: 3–379 ng/g-lipid) and BUVSs were detected in 46% (67) of the examined individuals (range: 2–7,055 ng/g-lipid). UV stabilizers were more frequently detected than flame retardants because UV stabilizers are more widely applied to plastic products. None of the plastic additives were correlated to the presence of PCBs, nor were they explained by the foraging area or trophic level. High concentrations of additives were detected in the species with high levels of plastic in their digestive tracts. In some of these species, such as Hawaiian petrels (Pterodroma sandwichensis) from Hawaii and flesh-footed shearwaters (Ardenna carneipes) from Western Australia, plastics were directly observed in the stomach. For other species, including great shearwaters (Ardenna gravis) from Gough Island, blue petrels (Halobaena caerulea) from Marion Island, and black-footed and Laysan albatrosses (Phoebastria nigripes and P. immutabilis) from Hawaii, plastic ingestion has been documented in literature. These patterns can be explained if the additives are mainly from ingested plastics rather than diet. The detection of BFRs and BUVSs demonstrated that a significant proportion of the examined seabirds accumulated chemicals from ingested plastics.

著者

A.K.

出版者

公益社団法人日本船舶海洋工学会

雑誌

造船協会雑纂 (ISSN:03861597)

巻号頁・発行日

no.85, pp.26-31, 1929-04-15

著者

Nobuo R. Sayanagi Tsinjo Randriamanana Harisoa S. A. Razafimbelonaina Nirina Rabemanantsoa Henri L. Abel-Ratovo Shigeki Yokoyama

出版者

Japan Society of Personality Psychology

雑誌

パーソナリティ研究 (ISSN:13488406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.56-69, 2021-09-06 (Released:2021-09-06)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

4

---

This series of studies initially aimed to develop a scale to measure the motivation, based on the self-determination theory, of rural farmers in Madagascar toward an agricultural training program. Considering the low rate of literacy, the Likert scales were designed to be administered orally. However, there were several unforeseen challenges in psychological measurement that hindered the development of the scales. Despite several revisions, responses to the questions lacked sufficient variance for the first four studies. The scale produced in the fifth study attained marginally satisfactory variance and internal consistency. The final version of the scale asked questions in the second person and measured the respondents’ frequency of thoughts, instead of their degree of agreement with a first-person statement as is common in many scales. The possible reasons behind the lack of variance when answering in degrees are discussed. The challenges involved in the quantitative psychological measurement of impoverished populations, as well as considerations for future research in poverty contexts are also discussed.

著者

HIDEAKI KANZAWA-KIRIYAMA TIMOTHY A. JINAM YOSUKE KAWAI TAKEHIRO SATO KAZUYOSHI HOSOMICHI ATSUSHI TAJIMA NOBORU ADACHI HIROFUMI MATSUMURA KIRILL KRYUKOV NARUYA SAITOU KEN-ICHI SHINODA

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.190415, (Released:2019-05-29)

被引用文献数

3 60

---

The Funadomari Jomon people were hunter-gatherers living on Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan c. 3500–3800 years ago. In this study, we determined the high-depth and low-depth nuclear genome sequences from a Funadomari Jomon female (F23) and male (F5), respectively. We genotyped the nuclear DNA of F23 and determined the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-I genotypes and the phenotypic traits. Moreover, a pathogenic mutation in the CPT1A gene was identified in both F23 and F5. The mutation provides metabolic advantages for consumption of a high-fat diet, and its allele frequency is more than 70% in Arctic populations, but is absent elsewhere. This variant may be related to the lifestyle of the Funadomari Jomon people, who fished and hunted land and marine animals. We observed high homozygosity by descent (HBD) in F23, but HBD tracts longer than 10 cM were very limited, suggesting that the population size of Northern Jomon populations were small. Our analysis suggested that population size of the Jomon people started to decrease c. 50000 years ago. The phylogenetic relationship among F23, modern/ancient Eurasians, and Native Americans showed a deep divergence of F23 in East Eurasia, probably before the split of the ancestor of Native Americans from East Eurasians, but after the split of 40000-year-old Tianyuan, indicating that the Northern Jomon people were genetically isolated from continental East Eurasians for a long period. Intriguingly, we found that modern Japanese as well as Ulchi, Korean, aboriginal Taiwanese, and Philippine populations were genetically closer to F23 than to Han Chinese. Moreover, the Y chromosome of F5 belonged to haplogroup D1b2b, which is rare in modern Japanese populations. These findings provided insights into the history and reconstructions of the ancient human population structures in East Eurasia, and the F23 genome data can be considered as the Jomon Reference Genome for future studies.

著者

H. M. EL-HINDI H. A. AMER

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.5, pp.505-510, 1989 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

6 7

---

Six variable supplementations of thiamine magnesium, and sulfates were given to 30 male adult rats in their diets. After 3 weeks, the concentrations of thiamine in the blood and liver and those of cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides in the serum were determined. Blood thiamine level did not reflect the vitamin content in liver. Sufficient and/or excessive intake of the 3 supplementations caused an increase in liver thiamine content and body weight gain; it also caused a reduction in serum cholesterol level without a change in the levels of serum triglycerides and phospholipids. Deficiency of both magnesium and sufate salts in thiamine-supplemented groups decreased body weight gain and liver thiamine content with a significant elevation of serum triglycerides.

著者

YOUICHI SATO TOSHIKATSU SHINKA ASHRAF A. EWIS AIKO YAMAUCHI TERUAKI IWAMOTO YUTAKA NAKAHORI

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.122, no.3, pp.131-136, 2014 (Released:2014-12-23)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

8 14

---

Japanese people are widely believed to be the descendants of the Jomon and Yayoi people. The dual-structure model, which attempts to explain the formation of the Japanese population, hypothesizes that the indigenous Jomon people migrated from the northern island of Hokkaido and the Ryukyu Islands to the other islands of Japan, where they resided before the Yayoi started to arrive in Kyushu (the westernmost main island of the Japanese archipelago) from the Korean peninsula. Regarding Y chromosome DNA polymorphisms, it is assumed that Jomon males frequently belong to haplogroups C or D, while Yayoi males frequently belong to haplogroup O. These findings suggest that the frequencies of haplogroup C, D, and O might differ between Hokkaido and northern Kyushu males and exhibit geographical gradients in Japan. However, the data of Y chromosome haplogroup frequencies in modern Japanese males is still limited. Here, we investigated whether the frequency of Y chromosome haplogroups differs between males from different regions of Japan. We recruited 2390 males from nine populations in seven cities in mainland Japan and typed their Y chromosome haplogroups. We did not detect any marked variability in the frequencies of these haplogroups among Japanese males, except for a difference between Nagasaki and Kawasaki students. In conclusion, modern Japanese males appear to be genetically homogenized in mainland Japan because of genetic drift and recent frequent gene flow.

著者

小西 祥子 佐方 奏夜子 大庭 真梨 オーコナー キャサリン A

出版者

日本人口学会

雑誌

人口学研究 (ISSN:03868311)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.1-18, 2018 (Released:2018-10-15)

参考文献数

30

---

現代の集団を対象とした先行研究において,受胎確率(受胎する月毎の確率)は20歳代から30歳代前半までの女性で最も高く,年齢を重ねるごとに低下することが報告されている。他の先進諸国と同様に日本においても,結婚年齢および出産年齢の上昇が受胎確率の低下をもたらすことによる不妊の増加が懸念されているものの,関連する学術的な報告は少ない。また受胎確率に影響する年齢以外の要因も日本の低出生力に寄与している可能性もある。本研究は日本における受胎確率の年齢パタンを明らかにすることを目的として,受胎待ち時間を用いて年齢別の受胎確率を推定した。日本全国に居住する20-44歳の女性6,752人を対象として,第1子あるいは現在の妊娠に至った受胎待ち時間(time to pregnancy, TTP; 避妊をやめてから受胎するまでの月数)および基礎的な人口学的属性に関する情報を質問票によって収集した。解析に用いたサンプルは,過去60ヶ月以内に妊娠を希望して避妊をやめた女性1,324人である。内訳は,経産婦816人(グループA),現在妊娠中の未産婦173人(グループB),現在妊娠する可能性のある未産婦335人(グループC)である。TTPの値(グループAとBは打ち切りなし,グループCは打ち切り)を用いて,コックス比例ハザード回帰モデルによってカップルの年齢別の受胎確率比(fecundability ratio, FR)および95%信頼区間(confidence interval, CI)を推定した。また避妊をやめてから3, 6, 12, 24ヶ月後の累積受胎確率も推定した。24-26歳の女性(FR: 1.00)と比較して,27歳以上の女性は有意に低いFRを示した。30-32歳女性では0.68(95%CI: 0.56, 0.82),36-38歳女性では0.41(95% CI: 0.31, 0.53)であった。男性の年齢が高いことも低いFRと関連していた。避妊をやめてから12ヶ月後の累積妊娠確率は24-26歳の女性で最も高く80%(95%CI: 75%, 84%)であり,年齢が上がるとともに低下し,30-32歳では66%(95%CI: 61%, 71%),36-38歳では48%(95%CI: 39%, 55%)であった。第1子の妊娠を希望して避妊をやめた経験をもつ本研究の対象集団において,受胎確率は24-26歳で最も高く,より年齢の高い女性で受胎確率が低かった。男性の年齢が高いことも低い受胎確率と関連していた。受胎確率に対する年齢の影響は,未産婦と比較して経産婦で弱く,また未産婦は経産婦と比較して年齢がより高く不妊治療の経験者が多い傾向があった。よって年齢の影響以外にも、まだ明らかになっていない要因が日本の低出生力に寄与していると推測される。

著者

Filippo Crea Rocco A. Montone Riccardo Rinaldi

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-21-0848, (Released:2021-11-09)

参考文献数

58

被引用文献数

42

---

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is commonly recognized as the consequence of coronary atherosclerosis and obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). However, a significant number of patients may present angina or myocardial infarction even in the absence of any significant coronary artery stenosis and impairment of the coronary microcirculation has been increasingly implicated as a relevant cause of IHD. The term “coronary microvascular dysfunction” (CMD) encompasses several pathogenic mechanisms resulting in functional and/or structural changes in the coronary microcirculation and determining angina and myocardial ischemia in patients with angina without obstructive CAD (“primary” microvascular angina), as well as in several other conditions, including obstructive CAD, cardiomyopathies, Takotsubo syndrome and heart failure, especially the phenotype with preserved ejection fraction. The pathogenesis of CMD is complex and involves the combination of functional and structural alterations leading to impaired coronary blood flow and resulting in myocardial ischemia. In the absence of therapies specifically targeting CMD, attention has been focused on the role of modifiable risk factors. Here, we provide updated evidence regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CMD, with a particular focus on the role of cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities. Moreover, we discuss the specific pathogenic mechanisms of CMD across the different cardiovascular diseases, aiming to pave the way for further research and the development of novel strategies for a precision medicine approach.

著者

A. Winternitz[作曲]

出版者

ビクター

巻号頁・発行日

1931-05

著者

中西 準子 尾張 真則 OIKAWA Teiic DA Costa Man DA Conceicao 原田 正純 MANOEL Quaresma da Costa SILVA PINHEIRO Maria da SILVA Pinhei 高橋 敬雄 横山 道子 鶴田 俊 PINHEIRO Mar CARDOSO Bern GERALDO de A

出版者

横浜国立大学

雑誌

国際学術研究

巻号頁・発行日

1996

---

ブラジル共和国パラ連邦大学熱帯医学研究センターとの共同で、アマゾン川流域での水銀汚染が人の健康に及ぼす影響を、1992年から1998年まで調査した。人の頭髪中水銀値を測定することにより、人の健康へのリスクを推定すると同時に、臨床診断によりメチル水銀中毒症状の有無を調べた。主たる調査対象地区は、アマゾン川支流タパジョス川中流部の3漁村であるが、他にいくつかの漁村、金採掘現場、都市などについても、比較のために調査を行った。中流部3漁村でのサンプル数454の頭髪中水銀値の濃度分析と統計的解析から、これらの漁村住民の知覚障害発生確率は約4%と推定された。また、20〜39歳までの女性57人を対象にした調査から、新生児の歩行障害(歩き出す時期の遅れ)もありうることが推定された。これをふまえて、頭髪中総水銀濃度20ppm以上の居住者と妊婦を中心に、医師の診断を交えた追跡調査を行った。その結果、低濃度汚染による慢性有機水銀中毒症と断定できる人を3名、その可能性があると思われる人を5名、確認した。3漁村に似た状況の孤立漁村の数は多く、他の漁村も同程度のリスクがあると考えられる。漁村住民の頭髪中水銀濃度は、90%がメチル水銀であることから、魚食による経口曝露と考えられる。そこで、タパジョス川流域の魚12種20サンプルの水銀濃度を分析した結果、日本における海水魚の健康基準値0.4ppmを超えるものが、大型肉食魚から3種、淡水魚の基準値1ppmを超えるものが1種確認された。小型草食魚は低濃度である。魚種による水銀濃度の違いがわかったことにより、妊婦や頭髪中総水銀濃度の高い人達に対して、どの魚を食べるべきかについて指導すれば、ある程度リスク削減が可能である。漁村近傍の3地点における、川の底質の水銀濃度を分析した。昨年度までの6地点を加えた9地点で、0.1ppmを超えるものが1つしかなく、日本やカナダなどの水銀汚染事例に比較すると、底質中水銀値は極めて低い。このことは、アマゾン川の自然条件の特殊性を示唆するものである。

著者

Leggett A.J.

出版者

一般社団法人日本物理学会

雑誌

日本物理学会誌 (ISSN:00290181)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.11, pp.790-805, 1966-11

被引用文献数

5

著者

Andrey V. ARZHANNIKOV Sergey V. BEDENKO Aleksandr A. IVANOV Dmitry G. MODESTOV Vadim V. PRIKHODKO Stanislav L. SINITSKY Igor V. SHAMANIN Vladimir M. SHMAKOV

出版者

The Japan Society of Plasma Science and Nuclear Fusion Research

雑誌

Plasma and Fusion Research (ISSN:18806821)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.2402101, 2019-06-03 (Released:2019-06-15)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1

---

Results of computer simulation of the fuel evolution in thorium nuclear cycle in a subcritical assembly in case of thorium-plutonium initial composition is presented in the paper. The simulation is conducted for specialized facility in which a long solenoid with hot plasma is situated inside of the subcritical fuel assembly. The plasma column produces additional neutrons due to D-D fusion reaction that are necessary for a fission reactor with this assembly. Total intensity of neutron emission over all plasma volume with the length of 3 m is N = 2 × 1016 neutrons per second. We have chosen the percentage of plutonium 5% in thorium-plutonium initial composition and in this case, the effective coefficient of neutron multiplication is 0.95, as shown by our simulation. The fuel evolution was calculated for duration of operation time 3000 days. As a result, we have demonstrated the decrease in the coefficient of neutron multiplication and in the power of the nuclear fission process in the described time. Results of simulations are discussed.

著者

M A Parsons P A Fox

出版者

CODATA

雑誌

Data Science Journal (ISSN:16831470)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.WDS32-WDS46, 2013 (Released:2013-02-10)

参考文献数

58

被引用文献数

50

---

International attention to scientific data continues to grow. Opportunities emerge to re-visit long-standing approaches to managing data and to critically examine new capabilities. We describe the cognitive importance of metaphor. We describe several metaphors for managing, sharing, and stewarding data and examine their strengths and weaknesses. We particularly question the applicability of a “publication” approach to making data broadly available. Our preliminary conclusions are that no one metaphor satisfies enough key data system attributes and that multiple metaphors need to co-exist in support of a healthy data ecosystem. We close with proposed research questions and a call for continued discussion.

著者

PENDLEBURY David A. インタビューと翻訳:熊谷 玲美

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.29-38, 2010 (Released:2010-04-01)

被引用文献数

2 2

著者

Fumie Nishizaki Mai Shimbo Noriko Fukue Chisa Matsumoto Satsuki Noma Satoko Ohno-Urabe Chizuko A. Kamiya Sachiko Kanki Tomomi Ide Hideo Izawa Tatsunori Taniguchi Atsuko Nakayama Yoshio Kobayashi

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-23-0063, (Released:2023-06-28)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2

---

Background: Equality in training opportunities, studying abroad, and satisfaction with work are not well investigated among Japanese cardiologists.Methods and Results: We studied cardiologists’ career development using a questionnaire that was emailed to 14,798 cardiologists belonging to the Japanese Circulation Society (JCS) in September 2022. Feelings regarding equality in training opportunities, preferences for studying abroad, and satisfaction with work were evaluated with regard to cardiologists’ age, sex, and other confounding factors. Survey responses were obtained from 2,566 cardiologists (17.3%). The mean (±SD) age of female (n=624) and male (n=1,942) cardiologists who responded to the survey was 45.6±9.5 and 50.0±10.6 years, respectively. Inequality in training opportunities was felt more by female than male cardiologists (44.1% vs. 33.9%) and by younger (<45 years old) than older (≥45 years old) (42.0% vs. 32.8%). Female cardiologists were less likely to prefer studying abroad (53.7% vs. 59.9%) and less satisfied with their work (71.3% vs. 80.8%) than male cardiologists. Increased feelings of inequality and lower work satisfaction were investigated among cardiologists who were young, had family care duties, and had no mentors. In the subanalysis, significant regional differences were found in cardiologists’ career development in Japan.Conclusions: Female and younger cardiologists felt greater inequality in career development than male and older cardiologists. A diverse workplace may prompt equality in training opportunities and work satisfaction for both female and male cardiologists.

著者

Priscilla Gross Isabelle Six Said Kamel Ziad A. Massy

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-14-0735, (Released:2014-07-31)

参考文献数

92

被引用文献数

8 52

---

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by high cardiovascular morbidity/mortality, which is linked in part to vascular calcification (VC) and endothelial dysfunction (ED). Hyperphosphatemia, a feature of CKD, is a well-known inducer of VC in preclinical models and is associated with poor outcomes in epidemiological studies. However, it remains to be seen whether lowering phosphate levels in CKD patients reduces VC and the morbidity/mortality rate. Furthermore, it is now clear from preclinical and clinical studies that phosphate is involved in ED. The present article reviews the direct and indirect mechanisms (eg, via fibroblast growth factor 23 and/or parathyroid hormone) by which hyperphosphatemia influence the onset of VC and ED in CKD.

著者

Ahmed Arafa Yoshihiro Kokubo Keiko Shimamoto Rena Kashima Emi Watanabe Yukie Sakai Jiaqi Li Masayuki Teramoto Haytham A. Sheerah Kengo Kusano

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine (ISSN:1342078X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.10, 2022 (Released:2022-03-04)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

13

---

Background: A protective role for physical activity against the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been suggested. Stair climbing is a readily available form of physical activity that many people practice. Herein, we investigated the association between stair climbing and the risk of AF in a Japanese population.Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we used data of 6,575 people registered in the Suita Study, aged 30–84 years, and had no history of AF. The frequency of stair climbing was assessed by a baseline questionnaire, while AF was diagnosed during the follow-up using a 12-lead ECG, health records, check-ups, and death certificates. We used the Cox regression to calculate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of AF incidence for climbing stairs in 20–39%, 40–59%, and ≥60% compared with <20% of the time.Results: Within 91,389 person-years of follow-up, 295 participants developed AF. The incidence of AF was distributed across the stair climbing groups <20%, 20–39%, 40–59%, and ≥60% as follows: 3.57, 3.27, 3.46, and 2.63/1,000 person-years, respectively. Stair climbing ≥60% of the time was associated with a reduced risk of AF after adjustment for age and sex 0.69 (0.49, 0.96). Further adjustment for lifestyle and medical history did not affect the results 0.69 (0.49, 0.98).Conclusion: Frequent stair climbing could protect from AF. From a preventive point of view, stair climbing could be a simple way to reduce AF risk at the population level.