著者

Hiroko P. Indo Hsiu-Chuan Yen Ikuo Nakanishi Ken-ichiro Matsumoto Masato Tamura Yumiko Nagano Hirofumi Matsui Oleg Gusev Richard Cornette Takashi Okuda Yukiko Minamiyama Hiroshi Ichikawa Shigeaki Suenaga Misato Oki Tsuyoshi Sato Toshihiko Ozawa Daret K. St. Clair Hideyuki J. Majima

出版者

日本酸化ストレス学会

雑誌

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition (ISSN:09120009)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-42, (Released:2014-12-23)

参考文献数

90

被引用文献数

36 232

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Fridovich identified CuZnSOD in 1969 and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in 1973, and proposed ”the Superoxide Theory,” which postulates that superoxide (O2•−) is the origin of most reactive oxygen species (ROS) and that it undergoes a chain reaction in a cell, playing a central role in the ROS producing system. Increased oxidative stress on an organism causes damage to cells, the smallest constituent unit of an organism, which can lead to the onset of a variety of chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurological diseases caused by abnormalities in biological defenses or increased intracellular reactive oxygen levels. Oxidative stress also plays a role in aging. Antioxidant systems, including non-enzyme low-molecular-weight antioxidants (such as, vitamins A, C and E, polyphenols, glutathione, and coenzyme Q10) and antioxidant enzymes, fight against oxidants in cells. Superoxide is considered to be a major factor in oxidant toxicity, and mitochondrial MnSOD enzymes constitute an essential defense against superoxide. Mitochondria are the major source of superoxide. The reaction of superoxide generated from mitochondria with nitric oxide is faster than SOD catalyzed reaction, and produces peroxynitrite. Thus, based on research conducted after Fridovich’s seminal studies, we now propose a modified superoxide theory; i.e., superoxide is the origin of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and, as such, causes various redox related diseases and aging.

著者

Zhou Wu Hiroshi Nakanishi

出版者

(公社)日本薬理学会

雑誌

Journal of Pharmacological Sciences (ISSN:13478613)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.126, no.1, pp.8-13, 2014-09-20 (Released:2014-09-20)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

9 62

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Neuroinflammation, inflammation of the brain, is strongly implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which can be enhanced by systemic inflammation. Therefore, the initiation and progression of AD are affected by systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This concept suggests a possible link between periodontitis and AD because periodontitis is a peripheral, chronic infection that elicits a significant systemic inflammatory response. There is now growing clinical evidence that chronic periodontitis is closely linked to the initiation and progression of AD. Recent studies have suggested that leptomeningeal cells play an important role in transducing systemic inflammatory signals to the brain-resident microglia, which in turn initiate neuroinflammation. Furthermore, it is apparent that senescent-type microglia respond in an exaggerated manner to systemic inflammation. It is estimated that a high percentage of adults are suffering from periodontitis, and the prevalence of periodontitis increases with age. Therefore, chronic periodontitis can be a significant source of covert systemic inflammation within the general population. The present review article highlights our current understanding of the link between periodontitis and AD.

著者

Hiroyuki Watanabe Kenji Iino Hiroshi Ito

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.12, pp.2838-2839, 2014-11-25 (Released:2014-11-25)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

2

著者

古藤 浩 コトウ ヒロシ Koto Hiroshi

出版者

東北芸術工科大学

雑誌

東北芸術工科大学紀要 = Annual Review of Tohoku University of Art & Design

巻号頁・発行日

no.3, pp.94-103, 1996-07-23

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In the planning of national land development, it is important to have a clear understanding of the regional structure. One index of regional structure is time distance (i. e., minimum traveling time). The computation of the time distance between any two cities is relatively simple. However, it is difficult to grasp visually the structure of the whole region with relation to time distance. This paper focuses on the use of time distance as an index of regional structure, and shows a new method for presenting such structure visually. This method enables us to create a graph of regional structure by treating each city as a vertex, and relative time distance between cities as the length of an edge. The author calls the graph a time-distance network. Construction of the network from any time distance data is generally difficult. In order to solve this problem, some rules are set for constructing the graph. In addition, a necessary condition for constructing the graph is also explored. Using this approach, the author analyzes the Multi-City structure of Tohoku Region in comparison with other regions.

著者

小田野 幾雄 日向 浩 原 敬治 酒井 邦夫 オダノ イクオ ヒナタ ヒロシ ハラ ケイジ サカイ クニオ Odano Ikuo Hinata Hiroshi Hara Keiji Sakai Kunio

出版者

日本医学放射線学会

雑誌

日本医学放射線学会雑誌 (ISSN:00480428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.4, pp.582-588, 1983-04-25

著者

岩根 達雄 今村 宏 玉田 巧 中村 一美 大国 義一 山崎 嘉之 イワネ タツオ イマムラ ヒロシ タマダ サトシ ナカムラ カズミ オオクニ ギイチ ヤマサキ ヨシユキ Iwane Tatsuo Imamura Hiroshi Tamada Satoshi Nakamura Kazumi Ookuni Giichi Yamasaki Yoshiyuki

出版者

同志社大学経済学会

雑誌

経済学論叢 (ISSN:03873021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.41-69, 1972-03

著者

Takuma AOKI Hiroshi SUNAHARA Keisuke SUGIMOTO Tetsuro ITO Eiichi KANAI Yoko FUJII

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0384, (Released:2014-11-12)

被引用文献数

4

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Infective endocarditis (IE) in dogs with cardiac shunts has not been reported previously. However, we encountered a dog with concurrent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and IE. The dog was a 1-year-old, 13.9-kg female Border collie and presented with anorexia, weight loss, pyrexia (40.4°C) and lameness. A continuous murmur with maximal intensity over the left heart base (Levine 5/6) was detected on auscultation. Echocardiography revealed a PDA and severe aortic stenosis (AS) caused by aortic-valve vegetative lesions. Corynebacterium spp. and Bacillus subtilis were isolated from blood cultures. The dog responded to aggressive antibiotic therapy, and the PDA was subsequently surgically corrected. After a series of treatments, the dog showed long-term improvement in clinical status.

著者

Hiroshi TAKANO Tomomi ISOGAI Takuma AOKI Yoshito WAKAO Yoko FUJII

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13-0241, (Released:2014-11-06)

被引用文献数

14

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The purpose of the present study is to investigate the feasibility of strain analysis using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in cats and to evaluate STE variables in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Sixteen clinically healthy cats and 17 cats with HCM were used. Radial and circumferential strain and strain rate variables in healthy cats were measured using STE to assess the feasibility. Comparisons of global strain and strain variables between healthy cats and cats with HCM were performed. Segmental assessments of left ventricle (LV) wall for strain and strain rate variables in cats with HCM were also performed. As a result, technically adequate images were obtained in 97.6% of the segments for STE analysis. Sedation using buprenorphine and acepromazine did not affect any global strain nor strain rate variable. In LV segments of cats with HCM, reduced segmental radial strain and strain rate variables had significantly related with segmental LV hypertrophy. It is concluded that STE analysis using short axis images of LV appeared to be clinically feasible in cats, having the possibility to be useful for detecting myocardial dysfunctions in cats with diseased heart.

著者

Kayo Harada-Shirado Kazuhiko Ikeda Miki Furukawa Masumi Sukegawa Hiroshi Takahashi Akiko Shichishima-Nakamura Hiroshi Ohkawara Hideyoshi Noji Kinuyo Kawabata Shun-ichi Saito Hitoshi Ohto Kazuei Ogawa Yasuchika Takeishi

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.20, pp.2369-2371, 2014 (Released:2014-10-15)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

4 8

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A 44-year-old man whose platelet count had been at the lower limit of the normal range for years visited the urgent care department of our hospital for treatment of a high fever and severe fatigue. The influenza A virus was detected, and the patient therefore received the intravenous antiviral agent, peramivir. One week later, he developed systemic petechial rashes. A peripheral blood examination showed a markedly decreased platelet count (3.0×109 cells/L), and the bone marrow findings were compatible with a diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Furthermore, a drug-induced lymphocyte-stimulating test was positive for peramivir. The thrombocytopenia slowly responded to treatment with oral prednisolone. This case suggests that neuraminidase inhibitors, including peramivir, can elicit or worsen ITP.

著者

Hidetada KOMATSU Masami KOJIMA Naoyuki TSUTSUMI Shuichiro HAMANO Hiroshi KUSAMA Arao UJIIE Shigeru IKEDA Masayuki NAKAZAWA

出版者

(社)日本薬理学会

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology (ISSN:00215198)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.43-51, 1988 (Released:2006-08-25)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

42 39 53

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We investigated the mechanism of inhibitory action of tranilast on chemical mediator release by antigen-antibody reactions. Tranilast (10-5-10-3 M) inhibited antigen (DNP-Ascaris)-induced histamine release from sensitized purified rat mast cells (PMC), but did not show an obvious influence on intracellular cyclic AMP. 45Ca uptake into PMC induced by antigen (300 μg/ml) was obviously suppressed by tranilast (10-6-10-3 M). Tranilast (10-4 M) inhibited antigeninduced histamine release from and 45Ca uptake into PMC independently of the presence or absence of glucose in the medium. On the other hand, 2-deoxyglucose (10-2 M) markedly inhibited both responses in the absence but not in the presence of glucose. Tranilast slightly inhibited Ca-induced contraction of guinea pig taenia coli, but had no influence on aggregation of rabbit platelets. Verapamil (10-6-10-4 M) had no effect on antigen-induced histamine release, but it markedly suppressed Ca-induced contraction and platelet aggregation. From these results, we suggest that the mechanism of inhibitory action of tranilast on the release of antigen-induced chemical mediator from mast cells involves the suppression of Ca uptake, but that its mode of action is apparently different from those of 2-deoxyglucose and verapamil.

著者

Toshio Naito Nagako Kudo Akihiro Inui Naomi Matsumoto Naoto Takeda Hiroshi Isonuma Takashi Dambara Yasuo Hayashida

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.13, pp.833-834, 2006 (Released:2006-08-01)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

9 16 17

著者

六本 佳平 ダニエル フット IWAI Hiroshi DOI Tadashi KURIYAAM Hiromichi KOMEDA Mototane

出版者

放送大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2000

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1)法報道の概念および研究分野としての意義について考察した。2)法報道の量の増大について数量的なデータを得るべく、朝日新聞縮刷版により60年、80年、00年の各偶数月の法報道(一定の基準を設定)記事の内容・大きさ・頻度等を調査し、40年間に記事の数が3倍近く増えていることを確認した。3)法律の専門知識とジャーナリズムの専門性とにまたがるこの分野に対する報道機閧の体制について内外の関係者に若干のインタビュー、研究報告により、現状を考察した。4)アメリカ大統領選挙におけるTV報道とその役割について、六本およびフットの報告・討論を行い、メディアの法報道が重要な政治的役割を果たす過程を具体的に分析した。

著者

Rei NAKANO Kazuya EDAMURA Tomohiro NAKAYAMA Kenji TESHIMA Kazushi ASANO Takanori NARITA Ken OKABAYASHI Hiroshi SUGIYA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0284, (Released:2014-10-06)

被引用文献数

1 21

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We investigated the in vitro differentiation of canine bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into voltage- and glutamate-responsive neuron-like cells. BMSCs were obtained from the bone marrow of healthy beagle dogs. Canine BMSCs were incubated with the basal medium for neurons containing recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF; 100 ng/ml). The viability of the bFGF-treated cells was assessed by a trypan blue exclusion assay, and the morphology was monitored. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to evaluate mRNA expression of neuronal, neural stem cell and glial markers. Western blotting and immunocytochemical analysis for the neuronal markers were performed to evaluate the protein expression and localization. The Ca2+ mobilization of the cells was evaluated using the Ca2+ indicator Fluo3 to monitor Ca2+ influx. To investigate the mechanism of bFGF-induced neuronal differentiation, the fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor or the Akt inhibitor was tested. The bFGF treatment resulted in the maintenance of the viability of canine BMSCs for 10 days, in the expression of neuronal marker mRNAs and proteins and in the manifestation of neuron-like morphology. Furthermore, in the bFGF-treated BMSCs, a high concentration of KCl and L-glutamate induced an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels. Each inhibitor significantly attenuated the bFGF-induced increase in neuronal marker mRNA expression. These results suggest that bFGF contributes to the differentiation of canine BMSCs into voltage- and glutamate-responsive neuron-like cells and may lead to the development of new cell-based treatments for neuronal diseases.

著者

Kenji HAMASE Yusuke NAKAUCHI Yurika MIYOSHI Reiko KOGA Nao KUSANO Hirohisa ONIGAHARA Hiroshi NARAOKA Hajime MITA Yasuhiko KADOTA Yasuhiro NISHIO Masashi MITA Wolfgang LINDNER

出版者

クロマトグラフィー科学会

雑誌

CHROMATOGRAPHY (ISSN:13428284)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.103-110, 2014-08-10 (Released:2014-08-26)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

4 33

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A two-dimensional chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic (2D-HPLC) system has been established for the analysis of extraterrestrial amino acids. As the targets, 8 chiral amino acids (alanine (Ala), valine (Val), 2-aminobutyric acid (2AB), norvaline (nVal), N-methylalanine (N-MeAla), isovaline (iVal), 3AB and 3-aminoisobutyric acid (3AIB)) and 5 non-chiral amino acids (glycine (Gly), β-Ala, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), sarcosine (Sar) and 2AIB) were selected. These amino acids were tagged with 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F), and non-enantioselectively separated by a capillary monolithic ODS column in the first dimension. The target fractions were automatically introduced into the second dimension and further separated by Pirkle-type enantioselective columns. By using this system, the 2D-HPLC separation of 21 components in small particles of a carbonaceous chondrite (Yamato 791191, Antarctic CM2 meteorite) could be successfully performed, and all of the target amino acids were observed. The D/L ratios of the chiral molecules are almost 50/50 for all of the tested proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids.

著者

Koyama Katsuji Hyodo Yoshiaki Inui Tatsuya NAKAJIMA Hiroshi MATSUMOTO Hironori TSURU Takeshi Go TAKAHASHI Tadayuki MAEDA Yoshitomo YAMAZAKI Noriko Y. MURAKAMI Hiroshi YAMAUCHI Shigeo TSUBOI Yohko SENDA Atsushi KATAOKA Jun TAKAHASHI Hiromitsu HOLT Stephen S. BROWN Gregory V.

出版者

日本天文学会

雑誌

PASJ : publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan (ISSN:00046264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.S245-S255, 2007-01-31

被引用文献数

16 129

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We have observed the diffuse X-ray emission from the Galactic Center (GC) using the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) on Suzaku. The high-energy resolution and the low-background orbit provided excellent spectra of the GC diffuse X-rays (GCDX). The XIS found many emission lines in the GCDX near the energy of K-shell transitions of iron and nickel. The most pronounced features are Fe I Kα at 6.4 keV and K-shell absorption edge at 7.1 keV, which are from neutral and/or low ionization states of iron, and the K-shell lines at 6.7 keV and 6.9 keV from He-like (Fe XXV Kα) and hydrogenic (Fe XXVI Lyα) ions of iron. In addition, Kα lines from neutral or low ionization nickel (Ni I Kα) and He-like nickel (Ni XXVII Kα), Fe I Kβ, Fe XXV Kβ, Fe XXVI Lyβ, Fe XXV Kγ and FeXXVI Lyγ were detected for the first time. The line center energies and widths of Fe XXV Kα and Fe XXVI Lyα favor a collisional excitation plasma for the origin of the GCDX. The electron temperature determined from the line flux ratio of Fe XXV Kα/Fe XXV Kβ is similar to the ionization temperature determined from that of Fe XXV Kα/Fe XXVI Lyα. Thus it would appear that the GCDX plasma is close to ionization equilibrium. The 6.7 keV flux and temperature distribution to the galactic longitude is smooth and monotonic, in contrast to the integrated point source flux distribution. These facts support the hypothesis that the GCDX is truly diffuse emission rather than the integration of the outputs of a large number of unresolved point sources. In addition, our results demonstrate that the chemical composition of Fe in the interstellar gas near the GC is constrained to be about 3.5 times solar abundance.

著者

Akiko UZAWA Koichi ANDO Yoshiya FURUSAWA Go KAGIYA Hiroshi FUJI Masaharu HATA Takeji SAKAE Toshiyuki TERUNUMA Michael SCHOLZ Sylvia RITTER Peter PESCHKE

出版者

Journal of Radiation Research 編集委員会

雑誌

Journal of Radiation Research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.Suppl.A, pp.A75-A80, 2007 (Released:2007-05-19)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

20

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Charged particle therapy depends on biological information for the dose prescription. Relative biological effectiveness or RBE for this requirement could basically be provided by experimental data. As RBE values of protons and carbon ions depend on several factors such as cell/tissue type, biological endpoint, dose and fractionation schedule, a single RBE value could not deal with all different radiosensitivities. However, any biological model with accurate reproducibility is useful for comparing biological effectiveness between different facilities. We used mouse gut crypt survivals as endpoint, and compared the cell killing efficiency of proton beams at three Japanese facilities. Three Linac X-ray machines with 4 and 6 MeV were used as reference beams, and there was only a small variation (coefficient of variance < 2%) in biological effectiveness among them. The RBE values of protons relative to Linac X-rays ranged from 1.0 to 1.11 at the middle of a 6-cm SOBP (spread-out Bragg peak) and from 0.96 to 1.01 at the entrance plateau. The coefficient of variance for protons ranged between 4.0 and 5.1%. The biological comparison of carbon ions showed fairly good agreement in that the difference in biological effectiveness between NIRS/HIMAC and GSI/SIS was 1% for three positions within the 6-cm SOBP. The coefficient of variance was < 1.7, < 0.6 and < 1.6% for proximal, middle and distal SOBP, respectively. We conclude that the inter-institutional variation of biological effectiveness is smaller for carbon ions than protons, and that beam-spreading methods of carbon ions do not critically influence gut crypt survival.

著者

HIROSHI WADA

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

Orient (ISSN:04733851)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.53-69, 1978 (Released:2009-02-12)

参考文献数

42

著者

HIROSHI WADA

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

Orient (ISSN:04733851)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.25-34, 1975 (Released:2009-02-12)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

著者

Hiroshi WADA

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

Orient (ISSN:04733851)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.81-95, 1989 (Released:2009-02-12)

参考文献数

35

著者

HIROSHI WADA

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

Orient (ISSN:04733851)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, pp.122-131, 1985 (Released:2009-02-12)

参考文献数

25