著者

北 潔 山田 陽城

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, no.2, pp.203-204, 2016

著者

岡田 浩 鈴木 渉太 西村 亜佐子 池田 裕美枝 阿部 圭子 中山 健夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.141, no.11, pp.1275-1279, 2021-11-01 (Released:2021-11-01)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

---

Emergency contraceptive (EC) pills are used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse. Levonorgestrel is an EC pill, which has been only approved in Japan; it is more effective the sooner it is used after intercourse and safe without serious side effects. EC pills are already available at accessible community pharmacies in more than 90 countries around the world. In Japan, citizens have signed a petition calling for the sale of emergency contraceptives at community pharmacies. However, little is known about the thoughts of pharmacists who engage with patients and sell medicines at pharmacies. Therefore, we conducted a web-based cross-sectional survey to determine the level of preparation in community pharmacies and the awareness of pharmacists regarding the sale of EC pills. A total of 1338 pharmacists responded to the survey from November 7, 2020, to December 16, 2020. In terms of the level of preparation for selling EC pills at pharmacies, 1067 (83.9%) respondents cited “lack of preparation of medical questionnaires and explanatory materials”, and 975 (76.7%) respondents cited “lack of knowledge of pharmacists” as the most common reasons that were “barriers to EC pill sales at pharmacies”. In terms of confidence level, only 289 (22.7%) respondents were confident about conducting the necessary checks while administering medicine. On the other hand, 944 (74.3%) respondents agreed to be able to sell EC pills at their pharmacies. The survey revealed that most of the pharmacists who participated in the survey believe that it is possible to sell EC pills in pharmacies.

著者

高木 麻衣 相良 篤信 石澤 歩実 伊藤 文香 宮崎 雅之 千﨑 康司 永井 拓 山田 清文

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.10, pp.1327-1332, 2019-10-01 (Released:2019-10-01)

参考文献数

14

---

The dosage of cisplatin is adjusted according to creatinine clearance (Ccr) estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula, which is commonly used as a marker for renal function. It is known that different serum creatinine (Scr) levels are reported depending on the analytical methods utilized such as the Scr level by the enzyme method being lower than that by the Jaffe method. Although the enzyme method is used in Japan, most drug dosages, including cisplatin, are adjusted according to the estimated Ccr using the Jaffe method-based Scr level. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether assessment of renal function with or without Scr adjustment affects cisplatin-based chemotherapy in cervical cancer patients. The patients were divided into two groups, normal (Ccr≥60 mL/min with adjusted Scr) and false normal (Ccr<60 mL/min with adjusted Scr, but Ccr≥60 mL/min with non-adjusted Scr). The false normal group had significantly higher rates of cisplatin dose reduction after the second course than the normal group (p<0.05). Leukocytopenia and Grade 2 or higher neutropenia were significantly more common in the false normal group than in the normal group (p<0.05). These results suggest that evaluation of renal function using the adjusted Scr is important for the accurate dosage of cisplatin and that it helps to improve the patient's quality of life. Further investigations may provide useful information for accurate and safe cisplatin-based chemotherapy for cancer patients.

著者

小野 真一 伊藤 芳久 石毛 久美子 井口 法男 小菅 康弘 浅見 覚 泉澤 恵 小林 弘子 林 宏行 鈴木 孝 岸川 幸生 畑 春実 小瀬 英司 田畑 恵市

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.137, no.11, pp.1419-1423, 2017-11-01 (Released:2017-11-01)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 1

---

It has been recommended that active learning methods, such as team-based learning (TBL) and problem-based learning (PBL), be introduced into university classes by the Central Council for Education. As such, for the past 3 years, we have implemented TBL in a medical therapeutics course for 4-year students. Based upon our experience, TBL is characterized as follows: TBL needs fewer teachers than PBL to conduct a TBL module. TBL enables both students and teachers to recognize and confirm the learning results from preparation and reviewing. TBL grows students' responsibility for themselves and their teams, and likely facilitates learning activities through peer assessment.

著者

太田 達男 宮崎 利夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.5, pp.538-539, 1958

被引用文献数

4

---

From the air-dried pericarps of <i>Ruta graveolens</i> L., a trace of phenolic and nonphenolic weak bases (0.07%) were isolated by succesive extraction with petroleum ether and methanol, and subsequent treatment in the usual manner. The colorless needle crystals, m.p. 169-170&deg; (picrate: m.p. 217-218&deg;), obtained from the non-phenolic bases by crystallization from hydrated ethanol, were found to be identical with those of kokusaginine. The pale yellow prismatic crystals, m.p. 176&deg; (picrate: m.p. 195-197&deg;), obtained in 0.0018% yield from the foregoing crystallization mother liquor by chromatography on alumina in benzene solution, were proved to be those of skimmianine.

著者

田辺 良久

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.162-167, 1954

---

Syntheses of the Brooker-type dyes were reported in Part XV and XVI of this series, but some counter-argument has been made against the conclusion of the Brooker-type structure because of the difficulty of the mutual reaction of negative anilino groups and the possibility of another substitution in this synthetic method. The conclusion of the Brooker-type dyes was made from the analytical values and absorption spectra but further proof of the formation of a Brooker-type dye by the substitution of an anilino group in the <i>meso</i>-position was affored by the application of &omega;-phenylaminovinylbenzothiazolium ethiodide or &omega;-phenylamino-7-methylbenzothiazolium ethiodide on binuclear trimethinethiocyanine dye possessing inactive methyl in the terminal group and anilino group in the <i>meso</i>-position, to a Brooker-type thiocyanine with a terminal methyl, whose absorption spectrum was similar to or the same as that of binuclear trimethine dyes. It was also experimentally proved that reaction of negative anilino groups does occur by the fact that 1, 1&prime;-diethyl-2, 2&prime;-trimethinethiocyanine iodide was obtained from &omega;-phenylaminovinyl-benzothiazolium ethiodide and benzothiazole-2-aldehyde <i>p</i>-dimethylaminoanil ethiodide.

著者

伊藤 一男

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.5, pp.703-707, 1961

被引用文献数

3

---

Presence of water-soluble quaternary bases was examined in the trunk bark of <i>Mechelia compressa</i> MAXIM. (Magnoliaceae) (Japanese name &lsquo;Ogatamano-ki&rsquo;) and a new base, named michepressine, was isolated as its iodide. Its chemical structure was established as <i>l</i>-1, 2-methylenedioxy-10-hydroxyaporphine (<i>l</i>-O-demethyllaureline methiodide), formulated as (VI).

著者

河合 聡

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.12, pp.1125-1132, 1966-12-25 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

13 21

---

Pure chloroform is known to be decomposed readily in the presence of air, even in the dark, although then very slowly, but in the absence of oxygen. In the first stage of the decomposition, chloroform produces an intermediate peroxide, Cl3COOH, which disapears in the second stage to yield chlorine, phosgene, and hydrochloric acid through two courses (a) and (b) as illustrated in chart 1.-1 The mechanism of phosgene formation was evidenced by the fact that decomposed chloroform produced diphenylurea by reaction with aniline and the reaction of the decomposed trichloroethylene or tetrachloroethane with aniline produced the same dichloroacetanilide, as shown in chart 1.-2 and 3 Ethanol added to the decomposed chloroform showed apparently a catalytic effect decomposing the peroxide to Cl2 or COCl2 through the courses shown by chart 1.-1-a and b Alcohols except methanol, ethers except dioxane, phenols, and hydrocarbons were useful as a stabilizer for chloroform, while acetone, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, and benzene were useless. In alcohols, the stabilizing effect became stronger with increasing number of carbon atoms in the molecule. It is interesting that hydrocarbons such as hexane and decane possess a marked effect as a stabi1izer. It is difficult to understand how the presence of so small an amount of stabilizer could prevent the decomposition of chloroform but it may not be unreasonable to assume the following : 1) It is considered that the stabilizers prevent the decomposition of chloroform in its primary stage, by the fact that a small amount or the stabilizer prevents the formation of even a trace of Cl- under conditions most favorable to decomposition : 2) The stabilizers containing hydrocarbons act as an anticatalyst in unchanged form, because they are so resistant to chemical change : and 3) The fact that various substances of different types such as alcohols, ethers, phenols, and hydrocarbons are useful as a stabilizer shows that the mechanism of this stabilization is not simple.

著者

佐方 易忠 橋本 忠

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.7, pp.878-880, 1959

被引用文献数

3

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In order to examine chemical properties of <i>p</i>-trimethylsilylphenol (I), reaction of (I) with several kinds of cationoid reagents was carried out. Application of bromine to (I) affords <i>p</i>-bromophenol, while that of benzenediazonium chloride gives 4-hydroxyazobenzene. Nitration of acetate (II) of (I) with acetyl nitrate affords <i>p</i>-nitrophenyl acetate and the Friedel-Crafts reaction of the methyl ether (III) of (I) with anhydrous aluminum chloride and acetic anhydride gives <i>p</i>-methoxyacetophenone. The Fries rearrangement of (II) results in formation of <i>o</i>- and <i>p</i>-hydroxyacetophenone. The Reimer-Tiemann reaction of (I) affords 5-trimethyl-silylsalicylaldehyde. (I) is decomposed by 10% hydrochloric acid to form phenol but remains unchanged with 10% sodium hydroxide. These experimental results indicate that the cationoid reagents that easily undergo substitution at a position <i>para</i> to hydroxyl replaces the trimethylsilyl group in (I) while reagents that undergoes substitution in the <i>ortho</i> position does so in (I) without severance of a bond between silicon and the aromatic ring.

著者

姫野 誠一郎 藤代 瞳

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.141, no.5, pp.695-703, 2021-05-01 (Released:2021-05-01)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

7

---

Cellular transport systems for both essential and toxic trace elements remain elusive. In our studies on the transport systems for cadmium (Cd), we found that the cellular uptake of Cd is mediated by the transporter for manganese (Mn). We identified ZIP8 and ZIP14, members of the ZIP zinc (Zn) transporter family, as transporters having high affinities for both Cd and Mn. Notably, the uptake of Cd into rice root from soil is mediated by a transporter for Mn as well. We found that ZIP8 is highly expressed at the S3 segment of the kidney proximal tubule and can transport glomerulus-filtered Cd and Mn ions in the lumen into epithelial cells of the proximal tubule, suggesting that ZIP8 has an important role in the renal reabsorption of both toxic Cd and essential Mn. Mutations in ZIP8 and ZIP14 genes were found in humans having congenital disorders associated with the disturbed transport of Mn, although ZIP8 mutation causes whole-body Mn deficiency while ZIP14 mutation causes Mn accumulation in the brain. Mutations in ZnT10, a Zn transporter responsible for Mn excretion, also cause hyperaccumulation of Mn in the brain. Results of genome-wide association studies have indicated that ZIP8 SNPs are involved in a variety of common diseases. Thus, ZIP8, ZIP14, and ZnT10 play crucial roles in the transport of Mn and thereby control Mn- and Cd-related biological events in the body.

著者

根岸 洋一 高橋(遠藤) 葉子 鈴木 亮 丸山 一雄 新槇 幸彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.130, no.11, pp.1489-1496, 2010-11-01 (Released:2010-11-01)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

4 4

---

Skeletal muscle is a promising target tissue for the gene therapy of both muscle and non-muscle disorders. Gene transfer into muscle tissue can produce a variety of physiologically active proteins and may ultimately be applied to treatment of many diseases. A variety of methods have been studied to transfer genes into skeletal muscle, including viral and non-viral vectors. Recently, we have developed the polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-modified liposomes entrapping echo-contrast gas known as ultrasound (US) imaging gas. We have called the liposomes “Bubble liposomes” (BLs). We have further demonstrated that US-mediated eruption of BLs loaded with naked plasmid-DNA is a feasible and efficient technique for gene delivery. In this study, to assess the feasibility and the effectiveness of BLs for the gene therapy of disorders, we tried to deliver therapeutic genes (anti-inflammatory cytokine; IL-10 or anti-angiogenic factor; hK1-5) into skeletal muscles of arthritis or tumor model mice by the gene delivery system with BLs and US exposure. As a result, their disease symptom was efficiently improved by the systemic secretion of therapeutic proteins. Thus, this US-mediated BLs technique for muscle gene transfer may provide an effective noninvasive method for arthritis or cancer gene therapy in clinical use. In addition, it may be applicable for the gene therapy of other non-muscle and muscle disorders.

著者

城野 久美子 上村 都美子 久野 光造 東出 栄治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.105, no.8, pp.751-759, 1985-08-25 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3 3

---

To evaluate the bactericidal activity of antiseptics against many different strains, we devised a modified phenol coefficient method by using microtitration plates based on that of the Association of Analytical chemists, and counted survivors to find the shortest contact time for various concentrations at which almost all bacteria were killed. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) was bactericidal against all 242 strains tested at 500 μg/ml in 10 min of contact at 25°C. Under the same conditions, chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) was bactericidal against 90% even at 1000 μg/ml. Among these strains resistant to 1000 μg/ml, Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Proteus species comprised 45% of the strains. The killing rate of BAC was fast, but the bactericidal activity of CHG with short contact time was weaker than its bacteriostatic activity for 24 h. The bactericidal concentration of BAC and CHG for 30 s of contact at 25°C was 500-5000 μg/ml and 5000-30000 μg/ml in a 10% solution of human serum, and 2500->10000 μg/ml and 10000->40000 μg/ml in a suspension of 2.5% dried yeast, respectively. The 10% human serum stimulated the bactericidal activities of BAC and CHG slightly against some test bacteria.

著者

頭金 正博 斎藤 嘉朗

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.135, no.5, pp.649-653, 2015-05-01 (Released:2015-05-01)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2 1

---

New drug development (NDD) for intractable diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease has been challenging in recent years because it is difficult to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of new drugs and the response of individual patients. Thus biomarkers might be a useful tool to facilitate NDD because they can be used to evaluate accurately drug responses. Biomarkers include proteins, metabolites, and genetic targets; imaging data and can also be used in pre-clinical studies, clinical trials, and post-marketing surveillance. In pre-clinical studies, biomarkers are used as an index of the pharmacological and toxicological effects of a new drug, which may help to predict the clinical response. In clinical studies, biomarkers are widely used as an index of clinical efficacy and safety for dose-adjustment and for patient selection. In post-clinical studies, biomarkers may facilitate the evaluation of drug responses, as well as aid improvements in drug efficacy. Several points should be considered for biomarker-guided NDD. First, the clinical study design is very important and must be suitable to permit the use of the relevant biomarkers. The analytical methods should be carefully evaluated, and evidence should be provided regarding the physiological significance and relevance of the biomarker with regard to its intended use. Regulatory sciences are required to resolve these issues and bridge the gap between basic science and clinical studies that involve biomarkers.

著者

小西 史朗

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.137, no.4, pp.459-475, 2017-04-01 (Released:2017-04-01)

参考文献数

55

---

In the beginning of the 1970s, only two chemical substances, acetylcholine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), had been definitely established as neurotransmitters. Under such circumstances, I started my scientific career in Professor Masanori Otsuka's lab searching for the transmitter of primary sensory neurons. Until 1976, lines of evidence had accumulated indicating that the undecapeptide substance P could be released as a transmitter from primary afferent fibers into spinal synapses, although the substance P-mediated synaptic response had yet to be identified. Peripheral synapses could serve as a good model and thus, it was demonstrated in the prevertebral sympathetic ganglia by1985 that substance P released from axon collaterals of primary sensory neurons acts as the transmitter mediating non-cholinergic slow excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). At that time, we also found that autonomic synapses were useful to uncover the transmitter role of the opioid peptide enkephalins, whose functions had been unknown since their discovery in 1975. Accordingly, enkephalins were found to serve a transmitter role in mediating presynaptic inhibition of cholinergic fast and non-cholinergic slow transmission in the prevertebral sympathetic ganglia. In 1990s, we attempted to devise a combined technique of brain slices and patch-clamp recordings. We applied it to study the regulatory mechanisms that operate around cerebellar GABAergic inhibitory synapses, because most of the studies then had centered on excitatory synapses and because inhibitory synapses are crucially involved in brain functions and disorders. Consequently, we discovered novel forms of heterosynaptic interactions, dual actions of a single transmitter, and receptor crosstalk, the details of which are described in this review.

著者

藤田 直市 高橋 源三

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.6, pp.373-387, 1940-06-26 (Released:2009-10-21)

著者

Toshinari ASAKURA Hiroaki SEINO Seishiro NOZAKI Ryuzo ABE

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.121, no.6, pp.459-463, 2001 (Released:2002-09-27)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

20 24

---

注射針を輸液剤等のゴム栓に穿刺するときに, ゴム栓からゴム片が削り取られるというコアリングが報告されている. 実際に自己注射を行っている患者のインスリンバイアルでもコアリングが発生しているかを確認した. 入院患者30名よりインスリンカートリッジを回収し, 空打ち液, 注入液, カートリッジ残液を試料とした. 発生したゴム片を顕微鏡下で観察し形状と個数, 大きさを測定した. コアリングの発生率は, 空打ち液の発生率は73%, 注入液は47%, カートリッジ残液は97%であった. 形状は, 針を通過している空打ち液と注入液では塊状が多く, 針を通過していないカートリッジ残液では針状が多かった. 空打ち液と注入液では小さなゴム片が多数確認されたことにより, ゴム片が皮下内に注入される可能性が強く示唆された. コアリングの原因としては, 針を同一個所に回転させて刺すためと考えられる. そのため, 今後はペン型注射器への針の装着について構造上の改良が必要である. コアリングは注射液の異物混入という点で, 医学的にも薬学的にも非常に重大な問題である. 今後はラテックスアレルギーやリポディストロフィーなどとの関連も検討する必要がある.

著者

城野 清次郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.4, pp.259-284, 1936-04-26 (Released:2009-11-13)

著者

西田 篤司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.141, no.8, pp.985-994, 2021-08-01 (Released:2021-08-01)

参考文献数

32

---

On the occasion of receiving the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan Award 2020, I explained our research activities on the total syntheses of polycyclic alkaloids as an invited review. The structure of lundurine B, which has an unstable cyclopropane fused indoline skeleton, was proved firstly by the total synthesis. I also describe the total syntheses of optically active lundurine B and rapidilectine B utilizing asymmetric desymmetrization of the spiro intermediate. We developed an intramolecular bond formation reaction between the 2-position of the furan ring to the iminium cation (furane-iminium cation cyclization) to synthesize manzamine alkaloids. The reaction was applied to the total synthesis of the core skeleton of nakadomarin A and ircinal A. A ring-closing metathesis reaction effectively applied to the synthesis of medium and large heterocyclic rings containing the cis double bond found in the structures of nakadomarin A and ircinal A. The total synthesis of schizocommunin, a metabolite of Schizophyllum commune isolated from a patient with human allergenic bronchopulmonary mycosis, was accomplished. We could correct the error in the proposed structure by total synthesis of the natural product. A part of the mechanism of cytotoxicity expression was clarified using newly synthesized shizocommunin.

著者

菊池 千草 堀 英生 前田 徹 松永 民秀 鈴木 匡

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.131, no.3, pp.477-483, 2011-03-01 (Released:2011-03-01)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2 3

---

One of the Specific Behavioral Objectives (SBOs) of pharmaceutical education model-core curriculum is as follows: “Understand patient's state of mind and be sensitive to patient's feelings”. We performed learning through simulation of diabetes drug therapy as a means to achieve the objective and evaluated the educational effects of the learning. The simulation was performed and a questionnaire survey was conducted among the 4th-year students of the 6-year curriculum before and after simulation. The score of “level of understanding patient's feelings” was significantly increased after simulation (p<0.001). In addition, the score tended to be associated (R2=0.192) with an increased score in two factors that affect patients' self-care action: “Consciousness of diabetes mellitus” (β=0.251, p=0.062) and “Time and effort for drug therapy” (β=0.248, p=0.065). The main topics of discussion about the simulation included “Lack of sense of critical illness”, “Lifestyle”, “Dose regimen” and “Necessity of support from patients' family and others close to them”. Therefore, the learning through simulation diabetes drug therapy was effective to understand patients' states of mind because students learned the importance of some factors affecting self-care action.

著者

菊池 千草 松永 民秀 鈴木 匡

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.135, no.6, pp.809-820, 2015-06-01 (Released:2015-06-01)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

2 3

---

Pharmacy school students were trained in a program simulating medication administration and giving adherence instructions. Following the training, the educational effects were evaluated. Students were separated into two groups. One group of students played the role of pharmacists and instructed simulated patients on medication adherence. Another group of students played the role of patients receiving simulated drug therapy; they were instructed on medication adherence by the students playing the role of pharmacists. The educational effects were evaluated using a questionnaire. The scores for “recognition of factors that influence medication adherence” tended to increase after the simulation, and they increased significantly after practical training. The scores for “self-evaluation of technique for instructing patients on medication adherence” increased significantly after the simulation, and they increased even more after practical training. The students' understanding of the effects on patients who were being instructed also increased significantly after the simulation, and these changes were maintained after practical training. In particular, students became more aware of the influence of pharmacists' attitudes. In practical training, the simulation training was helpful for bedside practice at hospital pharmacies and over-the-counter service at community pharmacies. Thus, the use of role play and simulated patients was an effective method for training pharmacy students to instruct patients on medication adherence.