著者

原戸 喜代里 大場 修

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.646, pp.2709-2715, 2009-12-30 (Released:2010-04-01)

参考文献数

23

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After the Showa enthronement, the buildings used for the ceremony were granted to places all over Japan. Upon research of receivers it is found the buildings which still exist are mainly in religious facilities.This paper shows the analysis of how these buildings in religious facilities were converted.Through the process of conversion, features and meaning of granted buildings are shown here.

著者

村上 しほり 大場 修 砂本 文彦 玉田 浩之 角 哲 長田 城治

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.739, pp.2441-2450, 2017 (Released:2017-09-30)

被引用文献数

1

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This paper aims to clarify the GHQ military disposition which changed rapidly and nationwide location of Dependent Housing (army family house) and the numerical transformation process in the occupied Japan by the U.S. document. Soon after Japanese people had begun to convert the building stock which was left after WWII, occupation forces were stationed in each place and began the requisition. The occupation forces requisitioned the building which was judged to be available locally in the short term and they rehabilitate it and used. D.H. was built approximately 12,000 houses, and about 70% was built newly in Japan. The construction of D.H. was hurried, and because material was short, it was often supplied in black markets. And, by grasp of the numerical transformation process of D.H., the different requisition situation and situation of distribution became clear in each district. 9 districts where there were dependents more than 200 households as of June 1, 1948 are as follows in decreasing order. Tokyo, Yokohama area, Tachikawa, Osaka area, Kobe, Johnson, Yokota, Nagoya area, Kyoto. It's that there was the large-scale new construction enlargement is more than 50 in there having been enlargement in 8 districts in 12 districts belonging to the 5th Air Force, 5 districts (Nagoya, Tachikawa, Johnson, Itazuke, Itami) of those to understand from the numerical changes from June 1948 to October 1950. Enlargement was not seen in the district that belonged to the 11th AirBorn Division (Sapporo, Hachinohe, Jinmachi), the 1st Cavarly Division (Asaka, Nagai, Ota, Omiya), BCOF (Etajima, Miho, Hofu, Fukuyama), Navy (Totsuka), the 5thA/F (Kisarazu, Chitose, Kanoya) and the 24th Infantry Division (Kumamoto, Beppu). From the number of new construction and rehabilitation and the numerical transformation, it was inferred that the situation peculiar to the occupied area had an influence on the judgment of the requisition and the D.H. construction. Procurement demands of the occupation forces disturbed inflection of building stock of the city space attacked by the war damage. It's the fact that we can't overlook in thinking about after the war of each city. The requisition house rebuilt as a general tendency became the derequisition earlier than new construction. The new D.H. has many examples removed with the return of the requisition, and there are many still uncertain points because there is little number of the existence. In this study, it was clarified that correlation of military unit deployment and D.H. of the occupation forces by the cross-reference of records of the both Japan and the United States. The result of this study will make the base that pushes forward the study on history of city and building in each occupied area.

著者

原戸 喜代里 大場 修

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.658, pp.2953-2959, 2010-12-30 (Released:2011-03-02)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 1

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After the Taisho enthronement, the buildings used for the ceremony were granted to various places in Kyoto.Upon research of receivers, it is found the buildings which still exist are in shrines and temples.This paper shows the analysis of how these buildings in shrines and temples were converted.By seeing the conversions in shrines and temples, we can see the surroundings of social situations of shrines and temples at the beginnings of Taisho period.Then economic situation of citizen was very bad and ideology for respecting the emperor's throne was not stabilized yet.Therefore, in shrines and temples asked for granted buildings used at the enthronement ceremony because of economical reasons rather than memorying the solemn ceremony.

著者

原戸 喜代里 木口 なつみ 大場 修

出版者

一般財団法人 住総研

雑誌

住総研研究論文集 (ISSN:21878188)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, pp.121-132, 2015 (Released:2017-08-10)

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本研究は,第二次大戦後の占領期,,京都において将校用家族住宅として接収された住宅を取り上げ,京都府立総合資料館所蔵の連合軍接収住宅関連史料を中心とする史料調査と,現存する遺構調査及び接収住宅の所有者に対し聞き取り調査を行った。京都における接収住宅は,その約半数が占領軍将校家族と日本人家族の同居という形態をとり,接収された住宅は洋風住宅だけでなく和風住宅も含まれていた。これらの住宅が連合軍将校の家族住宅として転用される際,接収住宅の間取りは変更されなかったが,住宅設備については大きく改変された。接収期,日本の住宅に持ち込まれた住生活に対する意識や西洋の生活様式は,接収解除後の日本人の住生活に影響をもたらした。

著者

角 哲 大場 修 砂本 文彦 玉田 浩之 村上 しほり 長田 城治

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.780, pp.617-627, 2021 (Released:2021-02-28)

参考文献数

16

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The purpose of this article is to clarify the construction process and features of Camp Crawford in Makomanai, Sapporo. It was named after Joseph Ury Crawford, advisor and U.S. railway engineer of the Hokkaido development commission (Kaitakushi). Upon the occupation of Japan, the general headquarters (GHQ) set the 9th corps, 8th army’s headquarters in Sapporo, chosen primarily because of Hokkaido’s location. Several notable cities in Japan were war damaged, hence had little facility stocks. Sapporo, on the other hand, was intact and had enough supplies. These were essential aspects in establishing the headquarters in Sapporo. GHQ ordered the Japanese government to construct 20,000 dependent housings (DH) in March 1946. This proved difficult because building materials were scarce, so some construction projects were stopped. However, deemed by the government as essential in the Cold War due to its strategic location, Camp Crawford’s construction continued and was erected quickly in Sapporo. GHQ appropriated the land of the Hokkaido Animal Husbandry Experimental Station Makomanai as the site. It was located south of Sapporo’s city center, about 4-6 kilometers away, upstream of Toyohira river. Jozankei railways was at the eastern side. These proved valuable to maintaining good living conditions and sanitation. Also, beneficial for swift construction. Private contractors organized a special union to construct the new camp. The union received the contract as a single unit. This approach was outstanding at that time since it can be recognized as the initial stages of a joint venture (JV) agreement. The JV was definitively established during the 1950’s in Japan. Construction was delayed but eventually completed as supply of building materials for this particular camp was a priority. 8th army head Eichelberger evaluated it as “too expensive.” Consider though, that the camp had several facilities and covered a vast plot of land. Also, the land area for one DH was the largest among all camps in Japan. The DH and troop housing (TH) were developed concurrently, a unique feature here since, typically in GHQ’s camps across Japan, these would be built separately. This camp’s site plan was influenced by topography and old facilities. TH and DH areas were situated in the eastern part of the site where it was dry and higher than the west. The service facilities were on the west amidst gently rolling terrain. TH was on the upper section of the site’s eastern part, laid out on a grid using the old farm road. Below it, the DH was arranged on curved roads, following GHQ standard. Several facilities were added, making the camp almost a small city. TH area had, among others, an office, PX, bakery, church, theater, clubs, library, gym, sports grounds, and golf link. DH area had detached and row houses using GHQ standards, except for the roof material. Instead, the roof was finished with sheet iron, characteristic of the cold region, and contributing to high costs. However, the GHQ used existing facilities and new buildings were simple. The camp was generally using excellent specifications when compared to Japanese buildings at that time. After derequisition, late 1950's, the site was transformed to the Japan Self-Defense Force Base and a prefectural residential area, Makomanai Danchi. The DH area was once used as Olympic village, the golf link for stadiums. Camp Crawford is the foundation of present residential suburbs.

著者

原戸 喜代里 大場 修

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.650, pp.915-920, 2010-04-30 (Released:2010-06-14)

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After the Showa enthronement, the buildings used for the ceremony were granted to various places. Many of them were granted to religious facilities but also quite a number of them were given to educational facilities. This report will inform about those educational facilities including schools, social educational institutions, probation centers, orphanages and so on. In those days, social educational fields and welfare work facilities were still underdeveloped stages. Yet this conversion seemed to have contributed to the development of those fields and facilities. Through the process of the conversion, the search for the meaning of granted buildings may be found.

著者

松田 法子 大場 修

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.603, pp.211-217, 2006-05-30 (Released:2017-02-17)

被引用文献数

2 1

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In this paper we investigate the form of the spa village in Edo period, by doing the case study of the Atami spa, Shizuoka. In this spa village, hot spring inns were called the Yuko. They governed for this village, because they made a monopoly of the Oyu hot spring, which was the main hot spring in Atami. We study about for the space and community structure of this spa village in Edo period, by showing the existence of the Yuko.

著者

奥矢 恵 大場 修

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.739, pp.2383-2392, 2017 (Released:2017-09-30)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

4 6

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From ancient times, mountains have been worshiped in Japan. Mt. Fuji is archetypal and the stone huts that served its pilgrims can be regarded as the original form of current mountain huts. Nowadays, since Mt. Fuji is a world cultural heritage site, its huts are required to be historically based. We examined historical materials, held interviews and conducted field surveys on the Yoshida trail to investigate their development. Great numbers of pilgrims who belonged to Fuji-ko societies made worship ascents from the trail. In the late Muromachi era, the Chugu shrine was built halfway up Mt. Fuji's Yoshida trail. Around the shrine, the oshi (owners), who controlled the worship practices there, managed 18 huts, assisted by their servants, the hyakusho. At the huts, called Chugu koya, they collected admission fees from the pilgrims, enshrined gods and the Buddha, sold water and offered resting spots. Eventually, the recognition of worship changed, and huts could be built above the 5th station on the Yoshida trail. These, called “ishimuro” (stone huts) might have developed from small shrines or temples into accommodations by adding water and fire places or expanding resting rooms to be like the Chugu koya huts. These stone huts already existed in the early Edo era before Fuji-ko flourished. They were concentrated around the boundaries of Mt. Fuji's religious areas, “Kusayama, ” “Kiyama” and “Yakiyama”, and where trails met. The current mountain huts sit in almost the same locations as the huts in the late Edo era. Travel guidebooks for Mt Fuji from that time state that the wooden huts located below the 5th station were for resting and stone huts higher up were for accommodations. There were 2 types of stone huts. Some were spontaneous “cave” type huts that began as religious training places. Other were artificial “building” type huts. The building huts were hirairi, wooden frame structures with cinders piled on the kiritsuma roof and around the walls. They had 1 or 2 entrances facing the trail. Some had a separated shrine and others had a shrine somewhere inside the hut that faced the trail or the interior room floored with tatami mats. The stone huts were shrines or temples and also shelters. The Chugu koya huts were located in the woods (Kiyama) but the stone huts above the 5th station were in the harsh mountain environment (Yakiyama). Based on our knowledge of the Chugu koya huts, the wooden huts had cinders piled on their roofs and around the walls and came to be the stone huts. These were built to protect against the harsh environment using cinders that were abundant in the Yakiyama area. Around the 5th station, on the edge of the forest, the buildings developed into a style intermediate between the wooden and stone huts. The width of the stone huts gradually expanded in the ketayuki, or ridge direction along the trail rather than in depth (hariyuki, beam direction) to suit being built on sloping ground. With breadths set to be reminiscent of shrines, the stone huts were 2 ken wide × 2 ken deep or 3 ken wide × 2 ken deep in the middle Edo era, growing to 5 to 8 ken wide × 2.5 ken deep in the latter part of the era. Oshi and hyakusho owned these huts, which might have been built by the hyakusho themselves or partly donated by Fuji-ko. As with the Chugu koya huts, equality among the stone huts was regarded as important by the oshi and hyakusho. They followed specific rules about the management of the stone huts and might have controlled their size and uniformity.

著者

大場 修 陳 雲連

出版者

一般財団法人 住総研

雑誌

住宅総合研究財団研究論文集 (ISSN:18802702)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.423-434, 2010

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本論は,上海租界の都市形成過程を踏まえつつ,近代上海における日本人居住地の形成過程と空間的特徴を,英,米,中との国際関係の中で明らかにした。まず,日本が独自の居留地を諦め,租界全域に渉る都市開発権を得た過程を辿った。日本は英米施設との立地関係,交通条件や地価等に応じた都市施設配置を進めたが,結果として上海の日本人居住地の確保は後回しにされた実態を明確にした。一方,日本人居住地では,英米が供給ずる里弄住宅を主体とする借家居住に終始したことを,租界外の北四川路地区の住宅遺構等の調査を通して示した。その住宅形式は洋風ではあったが,畳を持ち込む等の動向もそこに読み取った。

著者

奥矢 恵 大場 修

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.744, pp.297-305, 2018 (Released:2018-02-28)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

3 4

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From ancient times, mountains have been worshiped in Japan. Mt. Fuji is archetypal, and the stone huts that served its pilgrims can be regarded as the original form of current mountain huts. Nowadays, since Mt. Fuji is a World Cultural Heritage site, its huts are required to be historically based. Although some historical materials describe the stone huts that existed from the Edo to the beginning of the Showa era, the changes stone huts underwent during the era of tourism after the establishment of Fuji Hakone National Park remain unclear. To investigate these changes, we examined historical materials, held interviews, and conducted field surveys on the Yoshida trail, from where great numbers of pilgrims who belonged to Fuji-ko societies made worship-ascent. In Showa 6, the National Park Act was established to preserve the natural landscape, promote the welfare of the people, and attract foreign tourists. In Taisho 12, Mt. Fuji became a candidate for inclusion into the park. Yamanashi Prefecture and local people embarked on campaigns to establish the park and increase tourism. In Showa 11, Fuji Hakone National Park was established. During the Pacific War, national parks were used as training grounds. An increase in the number of climbers training and ascending Mt. Fuji to pray for victory was observed. Under these conditions, the stone huts that seemed to have kept their original form since the Edo era underwent gradual changes. Traditionally, huts had a wooden frame structure and were covered with wooden boards. Stones were piled on the roof and around the walls, which had one or two sweep-out windows. From the prewar to the postwar period, almost all stone huts changed their fa?ade by incorporating waist-high windows. Furthermore, some of the piled-up stones were removed on about half of the huts, and exposed wooden boards were either covered or replaced with galvanized iron. About 3 years after the war, tourism in Yamanashi Prefecture returned to prewar levels. In Showa 27 and 39, a mountain bus line and the Fuji Subaru Line (a motorway) serviced the fifth station, dramatically changing the approach to climbing Mt. Fuji on the Yoshida trail. The wooden huts and sections of the trail below the fifth station fell into disrepair, while more than half of the stone huts above the fifth station were either newly constructed or renovated. The traditional floor plan of the stone huts had a main room (hiroma), which had wooden floors and a fireplace. The newer huts had larger dimensions and eave heights compared with huts at the end of the Edo era. Three patterns of change were evident. First, new huts were built with a roof truss structure (yogoya). Second, the new huts were built beside traditional stone huts with Japanese-style roof structures (wagoya). Third, stone huts were renovated. Almost all of the stone huts introduced the roof truss structure to allow for an open floor plan, waist-high windows for an open fa?ade, double bunks to accommodate more climbers, and new facilities, such as water filtration systems and curtains to ensure the safety and privacy of climbers. A questionnaire survey in Showa 30 showed that only 2% of climbers were on religious pilgrimages, indicating that the changes to the stone huts were in response to the growing tourism industry. In the Edo era, stone huts were a kind of symbol of Mt. Fuji religious pilgrimages; however, in the early Showa era of tourism, the owners of the stone huts removed the stones as they modernized their huts.

著者

奥矢 恵 大場 修

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.756, pp.465-475, 2019 (Released:2019-02-28)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

1 4

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From ancient times, mountains have been worshiped in Japan. Mt. Fuji is archetypal, and the huts that served its pilgrims can be regarded as the original form of current mountain huts. Since Mt. Fuji became a World Cultural Heritage site, its huts are required to be historically based. We examined and confirmed the establishment and form of Mt. Fuji's mountain huts, specifically, the stone huts on the Yoshida trail. They were built in the early Edo era and developed with the flourish of worship ascents by Fuji-ko societies. Then, we expanded our scope to the Omiya-Murayama, Suyama and Subashiri trails that were mainly used with the Yoshida trail since the Middle Ages. They have their own geographical and historical backgrounds. We examined historical materials and clarified the owners, location and form of the mountain huts (teahouses and stone huts) on each trail and the summit they serviced. We focused on these huts in relation to three areas on Mt. Fuji: Kusayama, Kiyama and Yakeyama. The huts were owned by Murayama Sanbo (three lodges for priests) on the Omiya-Murayama trail and by each village's oshi at the foot of Mt. Fuji on the other trails. Hyakusho managed and built the huts. On the summit, there were two temples surrounded by stone huts. Dainichido temple was managed by Murayama Sanbo and Yakushido temple by Subashiri villagers. Bids were taken for management of the stone huts in the latter. On each trail, the teahouses were in the Kusayama and Kiyama areas and the stone huts were in the Yakeyama area. On three trails excluding Yoshida, stations 1 to 9 were established to conduct mountain ascetic practices on Yakeyama. This suggests that Yakeyama was the most sacred and harshest environment, resulting in being referred to as the “Honzan” (main mountain of worship ascents). The huts were planned and built after natural disasters, such as the Hoei eruption and avalanches, or before Koshingoennen (a special year celebrated every 60 years) by the rulers, Murayama Sanbo and oshi. We found similarities of huts' location between the Omiya-Murayama and Suyama trails flourished till the early Edo era by Shugen-do, and the Subashiri and Yoshida trails flourished in the late Edo era by Fuji-ko. Depending on the trail, the teahouses had the same roofs as temples and shrines or houses in the village at the foot of Mt. Fuji. The Omiya-Murayama and Yoshida trails were managed by bo or oshi, a type of priest, and the Suyama and Subashiri trails were managed by oshi who belonged to the hyakusho class. The teahouses were made of the same materials and shapes used by the rulers' class or the villages they dominated. The scenery of the villages was continuously expanded to Kusayama and Kiyama. On the other hand, the stone huts in Yakeyama had the same form on all the trails. They had a wooden frame structure, hirairi, piled up cinders on the kiritsuma roof and around the walls and one or two entrances facing the trail. They came into sight on the boundary of Kiyama and Yakeyama, and their forms were unified like the mountain itself. Not only was the form of the stone huts unusual, but the way in which they came into being, with each owner locating and preparing suitable sites in three areas, made the stone huts a symbol of worship ascents on Mt. Fuji. In addition, about 8-16 stone huts on the summit that were used not as lodgings, but as teahouses, were lined with a tsumairi façade. It created a unique scene that was not seen on the trails.

著者

大場 修

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会近畿支部研究報告集. 計画系 (ISSN:13456652)

巻号頁・発行日

no.46, pp.797-800, 2006-05-23

著者

松田 法子 大場 修

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会近畿支部研究報告集. 計画系 (ISSN:13456652)

巻号頁・発行日

no.43, pp.961-964, 2003-05-26

著者

大場 修

出版者

京都府立大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2007

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本論は上海租界の都市形成過程を踏まえつつ、近代上海における日本人居住地の形成過程と空間的特徴を、英、米、中との国際関係の中で明らかにした。まず、1840年代から、イギリス人は、租界として開発された以前の上海に存在していた河川、村道を生かしながら、土地、道路を開発していたこと、及び下水道の建設過程を明確にした。次に、日本が独自の居留地を諦め、租界全域に渉る都市開発権を得た過程を辿った。日本は英米施設との立地関係、交通条件や地価等に応じた都市施設配置を進めたが、結果として上海の日本人居住地の確保は後回しにされた実態を明確にした。一方、日本人居住地では、英米が供給する里弄住宅を主体とする借家居住に終始したことを、租界外の北四川路地区の住宅遺構等の調査を通して示した。その住宅形式は洋風ではあったが、畳を持ち込む等の動向もそこに読み取った。

著者

大場 修

出版者

建築史学会

雑誌

建築史学 (ISSN:02892839)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.2-40, 2001 (Released:2018-08-17)

著者

原戸 喜代里 大場 修

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.665, pp.1293-1299, 2011-07-30 (Released:2011-11-17)

参考文献数

6

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After the Taisho enthronement, the buildings used for the ceremony were granted to various places in Kyoto.This paper shows the analysis of how these buildings in educational facilities were converted.The time of Taisho enthronement was also the time of expanding and arranging an administration of school education.After the enthronement, dismantled buildings were granted to various educatioal institution such as elementary schools, junior high schools and high schools. When looking at the conversion of granted buildings we can see there was a different attitude of each institution toward the buildings. Their differences may have been caused by the each institution's reaction to Taisho enthronement.

著者

大場 修 山田 智子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.509, pp.197-202, 1998

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1 1

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On this study, by picking up town-houses in Osaka-city of modern ages, I drew the personal style and design of modern ages, investigated the characteristics of them. The summary of this study can be given below: ・The Omoteya-zukuri style which was one of characteristics of town-houses in Edo period was succeeded after Meiji period. ・After the middle of Meiji period, Zasiki room was formed in the second floor of town-house, and it tended tobe main room in town-houses. ・Influenced by extensions of streets, three stories town-houses came into existence after Taisyo period. Many of town-houses in modern ages took in western design. Especially facade and shop space of town-houses have remarkable western styles. But the building style of them succeeded the traditional style of old town-houses in Edo period such as the Omoteya-zukuri style.

著者

大場 修

出版者

建築史学会

雑誌

建築史学 (ISSN:02892839)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, pp.2-29, 2003

著者

岡崎 篤行 野澤 康 井上 年和 今村 洋一 川原 晋 大場 修 澤村 明 岡村 祐 池ノ上 真一 井上 えり子 松井 大輔 西尾 久美子

出版者

新潟大学

雑誌

挑戦的研究(萌芽)

巻号頁・発行日

2020-07-30

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元来、料亭は宴席以外にも冠婚葬祭や公式会合、商談など日本人の生活と密着していた。しかし、現在ではその役割が他施設へ移り、都市の料亭街が消滅しつつある。一方で、和食や料亭の価値は見直され、重要な観光資源にもなっている。ひとつの重要な建築類型といえる料亭は、あらゆる日本の伝統文化を包括的に継承する場であり、花柳界や業界団体、支援・連携する行政、民間組織など様々な組織が関わっている。このように、ひとつの地域文化システムといえる料亭について網羅的視点で捉え、関連組織・活動の変遷、料亭の分布とその変遷、料亭建築の規模と保全活用の実態を明らかにする。

著者

奥矢 恵 大場 修

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.746, pp.745-754, 2018 (Released:2018-04-30)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

2 2

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From ancient times, mountains have been worshiped in Japan. Mt. Fuji is archetypal, and the stone huts that served its pilgrims can be regarded as the original form of current mountain huts. Nowadays, since Mt. Fuji is a World Cultural Heritage site, its huts are required to be historically based. Although some historical materials describe the stone huts that existed during the Edo era, the changes stone huts underwent during the era of great transition from worship-ascent to alpinism remain unclear. To investigate these changes, we examined historical materials, held interviews, and conducted field surveys on the Yoshida trail, from where great numbers of pilgrims who belonged to Fuji-ko societies made worship-ascent. At the start of the Meiji era, although Fuji-ko was reorganized after the separation of Shinto and Buddhism, stone hut owners, who had recorded the location and scale of each hut since the late Edo era, were still permitted to manage them under the Yamanashi prefectural governor. Since the middle of the Meiji era, railway lines to the foot of Mt. Fuji were gradually connected. By increasing the number of climbers, and even pilgrims, Yamanashi and Shizuoka Prefectures issued regulations for individuals living on the mountain to ensure the safety of climbers and improve sanitation. Chiyozaburo Takeda, the Yamanashi prefectural governor, then decided to repair the trail and renovate some facilities, especially at the eighth station, to make Mt. Fuji an international tourist site. In Meiji 40th (1907), one stone hut was renovated into a post office, a police box, and a first aid station, and the other two into lodgings. A model lodging designed by government engineers, the Fujisan Hotel, was then built. It had a completely different appearance from stone huts (structure, lighting and ventilating facilities, two berths, etc.). With cooperation between the government and some local citizens, the Fujisan Hotel was realized as modern architecture. Some oshi and locally influential people responded to Takeda by founding a stock company to manage the huts at the eighth station. The former had quickly changed their shukubo to ryokans, and the latter had built a fortune in business from the Edo era. As a model, Takeda had expected other stone huts to develop independently, but this did not go as planned. By the end of the Taisho era, the stone hut sites where trails met at the fifth, sixth, and the eighth stations were expanded. Although the size of these huts may also had changed, many seem to have retained their forms from the late Edo era. On the other hand, at the seventh station, where no trails met, only one-third of the stone huts expanded their sites, in particular, the one hut had changed the facade with no cinders stacked around the wall, i.e. more open. These changes were managed by the owners of the stock company. In addition, around the time of the Great Kanto Earthquake in Taisho 12th (1923), a mountain hut and a post office were built at the eighth station, and a king post was introduced by the owner of the Fujisan Hotel. Through the Taisho era, these changes were led by those concerned with the stock company at the eighth station. During the Edo era, oshi and their servants, hyakusho, owned and managed the stone huts. During the Meiji and Taisho eras, people had different positions and ideas compared with past owners; in other words, extrinsic motivation changed the old customs and opened the door to modernization. In this way, the equalities among the stone huts maintained by oshi and hyakusho during the Edo era might have been lost.