著者
松本 玲子 山口 潔子 布野 修司 高橋 俊也 山根 周 安藤 正雄
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, no.582, pp.73-79, 2004

Clarifying the process of urban formation and the form of townhouses in Willemstad(Curacao, Netherland Antillen), this paper discusses the influence and modification of Dutch colonial City planning in Caribbean Region. Willemstad is one of the best preserved Dutch colonial cities in Caribbean region. With numerous historical buildings and houses,Willemstad was registered as UNESCO World Heritage site in 1997. The research project this paper is based on was launched under the title 'Field Research on Origin, Transformation,Conversion and Conservation of Urban Space of Colonial Cities' the major target of which are the Dutch colonial cities. To compare the colonial cities of all over the world is ambitious objective of our project. The Dutch is well known as a developer of high-densed settlements with townhouses. One of major focuses of this paper is what and how the Dutch designed the townhouse in Curacao. The paper is composed by historical analysis of the process of establishment and development of Willemstad and considerations on block formation and typology of townhouses. Analyzing the block formation and form of the house plan,the paper suggests the similar type of townhouse in Netherland might have been introduced in the beginning of establishment of the city.
著者
江口 久美
出版者
Architectural Institute of Japan
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.76, no.661, pp.635-642, 2011

This paper clarifies the development of the discussion about the historic monuments by the Commission of the Old Paris (CVP) from 1898 to 1934 by the proceedings published annually. As a result, CVP has succeeded in 1) referring the example of abroad in 1898, 2) creating the list of the non-classified buildings with value in 1898 to give notices, 3) giving notices strategically about Mansion of Rohan to be classified, 4) observing the advertising ban area after 1910 and 5) CVP creating the direct connection with the administration through architects-observers, by the discussion.
著者
矢ケ崎 善太郎
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.515, pp.243-250, 1999
被引用文献数
1

The grand tea-ceremony was held around the Higashiyama area, named "HIGASHIYAMA-CAICHAKAI". I have six materials which are useful to examine the HIGASHIYAMA-DAICHAKAI. Many guest-houses which were constructed in Meiji or Taisho era, were used for the place of this tea-ceremony. This tea-ceremony was held under the result of constructing the SUKI-KUKAN in modern period. At the same time, holding this tea-ceremony accelerated constructing the architectures and gardens ready for the as a place of tea-ceremony.
著者
岡松 道雄 毛利 洋子 木方 十根
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.82, no.733, pp.745-755, 2017 (Released:2017-03-30)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
4

This study focuses on the relaxation of road use regulations following the implementation of the Law on Improvement and Revitalization of City Centers (Chushin-Shigaichi Kasseika Hou) in 1998. Since the law was implemented 18 years ago, events such as open cafes and morning markets have been held on public roadways in regional centers across Japan, allowing for the temporary installation of benches, parasols, and other such furnishings, attracting people, and increasing activity in the areas. This study is divided into three phases: a review of the processes which contributed to a relaxation of the regulations; an analysis of the sociopolitical motivations behind relaxing road use regulations; and an examination of the impact of regulation relaxation on events held on public roadways. Since 1998 there has been a shift in focus from using this law to revitalize regional centers to using it to increase activity in metropolitan centers. When the law was initially implemented, there is little evidence that the government had any concrete ideas of how public roadways specifically, could be used; only that there was a need to relax regulations for regional revitalization. With the establishment of the Act on Special Districts for Structural Reform (SDSR, Kouzou-Kaikaku Tokku Hou) in 2002, the government began to collect data on the needs and requests of regional centers. From this information it became clear that the regulations relating to the use of public roadways needed reform. The cabinet ordered the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport (MLIT) to ease the regulations of the Road Law (Douro Hou) without changing the law itself. In 2005 MLIT issued a set of guidelines which would allow public roadways to be used for purposes other than transit. Also in 2005, the cabinet created an Act for Area Rebirth (Chiiki Saisei Hou) to support regional governments’plans for revitalization. The practice of collecting data, begun with the development of SDSR, had been built upon and improved, while the idea of relaxing road regulation was reinforced with the Act on Special Measures Concerning Urban Renaissance (SMCUR, Toshi Saisei Tokubetsu Sochi Hou), an act intended to help cities recover from the bursting of the economic bubble in the 1990’s. The focus of this act was to help Japanese metropolitan areas remain competitive with other Asian metropolises, such as Shanghai or Singapore. To this end, MLIT recently amended both their guidelines and the Road Law, as of March 2016. Our research found that the needs of the organizers had a significant impact on the relaxation of road use laws. Before issuing the 2005 guidelines, MLIT engaged in a rigorous research process, gathering data on 570 existing events before conducting 41 social experiments relating to events held on public roadways, of which 15 were permanently implemented. In more recent years, as the cabinet has focused more on economic recovery and global competitiveness, the use of public roadways in metropolitan areas has become more common. In this way the motivation and procedures to relax road use regulations have improved significantly. This increased ease in the processes involved in using public roadways for events, as well as the increase in political motivation to do so, is now effective in the Metropolitan areas. After 18 years, it is the time to rethink how it creates an opportunity for regional centers struggling with the combined issues of depopulation, decreasing birthrate, aging population, and change in industrial structure, to create favorable conditions for their community. By implementing the new civic tools available to them, it may be possible to arrange and customize the use of their public roadways to attract more activity and ultimately, more people.
著者
加島 鈴乃 小野 尋子
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.82, no.731, pp.115-122, 2017
被引用文献数
1

&nbsp;Generally knows, Okinawa was extensively damaged from WW2. The air raid on Naha City 10<sup>th</sup> Oct. 1944 and ground battles destroyed Naha central area witheringly. After the war, there was few building to live. Okinawan people who came back from rural area and military draft needed to build their house. But at that time, GHQ and Ryukyu government had governed Okinawa until 1972. Okinawan local government could not use many of reconstruction projects and systems of Japan Central government. And worse more, not a small land of Okinawa including central area was grabbed up by USA military. So, some of people who could not return to their own residential lots had to move and rebuild their house another area, in most cases, next area or close area.<br>&nbsp;The high densely <i>Mawashi</i> district has built-up in above way. <i>Mawashi</i> district located the next area of the traditional central area where had not returned until 1952 (ref., Fig. 2), and so, there was rapidly crowded by returning people. But before the war <i>Mawashi</i> district was just a farming village where were not enough social infrastructures with narrow roads and poor road structure. It should be improved or developed before urbanized, but at that time Okinawa belonged to USA, there were not some appropriate development systems and projects.<br>&nbsp;This study aimed to identify the period of each districts build-up, and then analyze the relationship between each districts character with road patterns and each districts period. In view of the change of the Okinawan political system after WW II and built-up background, there are 4 aspects, as like 1)prewar traditional settlement, 2) forced settlement, 3)sprawl district without planning guideline, and 4) development permission district(ref., Fig. 7). The research methods are 4, research the historical document to identify the pre-war settlement district, tracing the road position specification of Naha city to distinguish roads and areaways, listed up the development dates from official development permission ledger after 1974 to define planning districts and sprawl area and field survey of each district to find the typical problems of the district. The problematic road networks are found 5 patterns in this area by the field survey. These are a) small crowded building district without jointing roads, b) small crowded building district jointing dead-end road of article 42 -2, Japan Building Act, c) small crowded building district jointing not well network roads of article 42 -2, Japan Building Act, d) small crowded building district jointing well-formed roads of article 42 -2, Japan Building Act, and e) development permission accepting district with not well network road to main roads(ref., Table 2).<br>&nbsp;As results, these a)-e) patterns are mixed in each 1)-4) periods also, but 3) is the most serious condition in problematic road networks, decrepit buildings, and prevention of disaster. Considering the physical condition data of districts, 2) is assumed to have a singular aspect.
著者
青井 哲人
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.518, pp.237-244, 1999-04-30 (Released:2017-02-03)
参考文献数
32

This paper tries to focus on the construction of Taiwan Shrine (a Shinto shrine) 1899-1901, besides the reformation of urban area inside the Taipei Fort, as a project that played a significant role in the reorganization of Taipei into a Japanese colonial city. The site for the shrine was kept away out of the fort and raised halfway up Mt. Chientan because the shrine required both pure natural landscapes and the correspondence with the urban area. The shrine was connected with the newly planned government quater in the fort by the Chokushi-Kaido, an approach road to the shrine, and closely related by the shrine rituals.
著者
小岩 正樹
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.79, no.696, pp.507-516, 2014-02-28 (Released:2014-07-10)
参考文献数
9

Jitchu was a famous monk who played an active part in Todai-ji from the late Nara period to the early Heian period. Among his various activities, this study aims to clarify the actual situation of his construction works. In this paper it is revealed that Jitchu played several roles in the construction for not only the management but also planning and site working. This shows that he had broad and respective relations with those who concerning in the construction processes, especially he was linked closely to the Empress Shotoku in several cases.
著者
岸 泰子
出版者
Architectural Institute of Japan
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.79, no.695, pp.279-284, 2014

The parade started at the temporary imperial palace of Katsura and went through the streets where many powerful merchants lived to the Imperial palace at Ansei period. In deciding the course of this parade, Emperor's view "Omikoshi" was important. At the area along this parade course, the environment suitable for "Omikoshi" was created. This parade was carried out to show off the authority of Emperor and the imperial court. On the other, the towns and merchants along this parade course took a lot of doing. However, they were utilizing this parade to build up their social position to invite the customers to the sightseeing.
著者
細野 耕司
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, no.532, pp.223-230, 2000-06-30 (Released:2017-02-03)
参考文献数
37
被引用文献数
1 1

The objective of the present studies is to clarify historical characteristics of the modern judicial architecture of japan. The Tokyo Court was established in 1871 and its building was constructed in 1875. During that period, a daimyo's mansion.which a preceding body of the justice Department had temporarily used, was renovated and a court was placed inside the building. However, the arrangements of the court and the internal structures of the facilities were modernized and differentiated from those of a town magistrate office of the Tokugawa government. The main elements which constituted the prototype of the new-built Court House wereconfirmed.
著者
白 承冠
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.75, no.654, pp.2039-2045, 2010-08-30 (Released:2010-10-08)

This study analyzes the architectural characteristics in a community model called Godin's Familistère of collective housing for laborers in the 19th century. Utopian socialists in the first half of the 19th century proposed different solutions to reform their chaotic capitalist society, as they criticized the maladies of the Industrial Revolution. Fourier designed a community model called Phalanstère, in which production, consumption and residence coexisted as a cooperative society, and his disciples tried in vain to make it real. Only Familistère, which was constructed in Guise, France from 1858 by the successful entrepreneur Godin, was considered a successful example of the idealistic residential community. However, Familistère was not simply a realization of Fourier's plans, but an original experiment by Godin. Familistère had many kinds of common facilities that were useful for a convenient life, which was the equivalent of having wealth. Moreover, Familistère was a community of production, distribution, consumption, education, leisure and residence, all of which were connected to work-sites. The community also featured a cooperative society of consumption, medical services by the cooperative system and space for schools and leisure.
著者
井川 憲男 中村 洋 古賀 靖子 古城 真也
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.494, pp.15-22, 1997
被引用文献数
6 8

Suitable standard data on daylight and solar radiation are absolutely prepared and offered for the excellent energy saving interior environmental design. The first step of the modification of the data by real measurements into the useful standard data is to classify the sky, conditions when the data were gained. A proposal of a means is stated in this paper in order to divide the sky conditions into ordered categories. The sky conditions when the data were measured are arranged based upon the comparison with the sky, luminance distribution data obtained by sky scanning and the theoretical results on CIE(Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) Standard Clear and Overcast Sky and Intermediate Sky by one of the authors. The sky conditions are finally classifred into Clear, Near Clear, Intermediate, Near Overcast and Overcast Sky. This Research work is deeply related to the IDMP(International Daylight Measurement Programme) promoted by CIE. Its result convinces authors of its great contributions to the progress IDMP and development of interior environmental design.
著者
長野 真紀 齊木 崇人
出版者
Architectural Institute of Japan
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.75, no.650, pp.829-835, 2010

The purpose of this study is to redefine Hakka village in the whole land of Taiwan by using the Taiwan Bao-tu in which the spread of residential area and their spatial compositions of each ethnic groups can be recognized, and to clarify the characteristics of the locations and the forms of village. Moreover, I intend to grasp systematically the viewpoint of environment to Hakka, beyond the countries and districts, through the shares of the research of Hakka in Taiwan and the communications with local researchers. The results of this study are as follows. The Hakka village is classified into 4 types by village form and the characteristic of location space : these are 1)Independent Defense Type and 2)Scattered Adaptation Type and 3)Scattered Stably Type and 4)Scattered Cooperation Type.
著者
大宮司 勝弘 竹内 淳 岩岡 竜夫 岩田 利枝
出版者
一般社団法人日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.74, no.636, pp.505-513, 2009-02-28

The purpose of this study is to identify the architectural characteristics of Kyoto Tower Building, which was designed by Mamoru Yamada. The description of space composition and the features of the architectural design of Kyoto Tower Building, at the initial completion time, are based on a documentary film showing the building under construction and pictures and drawings held by Osaka Yamada Mamoru Architects and Engineers. On the basis of Yamada's studies of the floor plans, the rough drawings and perspectives, the design process of this building is analyzed.
著者
不破 正仁 藤川 昌樹
出版者
Architectural Institute of Japan
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.74, no.638, pp.855-862, 2009
被引用文献数
2 1

This paper examines the distribution of planting composition patterns in and around residence in Kanto region of the Meiji period based on the analysis of copperplate engravings. Eight patterns such as "background trees", "big tree with small shrine", "hedge", "square-shaped tree", "planted space for viewing", "cultivated space", "planting trellis", and "sago palm" are identified in the engravings repeatedly. Furthermore the distribution of the patterns suggests that northern or southern planting systems are adopted according to the area in Kanto region and the both systems are mixed in the middle of the region.
著者
角 哲
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.78, no.689, pp.1613-1619, 2013-07-31 (Released:2013-09-05)
被引用文献数
1

This paper examines roles of welfare facilities and urban infrastructures in modern day Muroran which developed by The Japan Steel Works and Nippon Steel Corporation. Each facility had given to inhabitants who had lived in company housing convenient as urban residents in local city. But general public could not get convenience of not necessarily by those facilities. Because each facility limited users by class in each company. Hospital and theater have been released to general public, but purchase and clubhouse were isolated from general. There was a difference in a spatial spread as corporate town and use actual condition. It is important when such difference examines formation of corporate town.
著者
角 哲
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.75, no.657, pp.2701-2708, 2010-11-30 (Released:2011-02-25)
被引用文献数
1

There are two purposes of this paper. The first is a transition of expansion of corporate towns, developed by steel industry companies. Another one is site plan of welfare facilities. At development, about end of Meiji era, corporate towns took position that surround factories. Expansion period, since 1934 when established of Nippon Steel Corporation, each corporate towns becomes independent of the factory by corporate policy. It had developed basement of east area in Muroran, and influence of urban planning was a little. In each corporate town, facilities site orderly with a trunk road and daily life facilities located central of those area. The grade of company's house is high above in the sloping land. A living environment of staff district, high, dry and good view, looks like a suburbs around major cities developed by private railway company and realty company. Development of corporate town in Muroran is a base of present residential quarter and urban area.
著者
林田 義伸
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.523, pp.293-300, 1999
被引用文献数
1

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the design of the stoa of Zeus in Athens. Through the analysis of the dimensions and their proportions of the building, the following conclusion was given. 1) As initial dimension and proportion, the width of the stoa was given as 150 ft., and the width of the wings as one-fourth of whole length of the stoa. 2) The axial intercolumniation of the wings was the basis for the proportional relationships of the stoa. 3) The small difference between the width of the wings and the depth of the stoa occurred from angle contractions.
著者
メジヤニ リム 兼田 敏之
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.596, pp.75-83, 2005
被引用文献数
1

1.研究の背景と目的ムザップ峡谷は、アルジェリアの首都アルジェから南に600km、サハラ砂漠北端に位置する人口12万人のオアシス都市である。丘を覆うコンパクトな都市形態と頂上にある一本の尖塔が特徴的な旧市街地クスール(Ksour)で知られるこの都市は、1982年以来UNESCOの世界遺産に指定されている。ムザップ峡谷では、この半世紀間に人口流入による急速な都市化が進み、オアシスを構成する貴重な農業環境であるダッツ樹林が減少するというスプロール問題などが生じている。これらの問題を理解するうえで、この都市が辿ってきた都市化過程の特徴を整理しておくことが不可欠である。その際、都市化過程を、物的・空間的な側面のみならず、その背後にある社会的・経済的な側面から捉えることが重要である。本研究では、二つの作業を通じて、ムザップ峡谷における都市化過程の特徴を明らかにする。第一の作業では、現地調査の際に収集した主としてフランス語による研究文献ならびに事実調査書から、ムザップ峡谷における地理的・歴史的概要を整理するとともに、市街化問題をめぐる因果図式の構成を試みる。第二の作業では、航空写真をデジタイズしたのち、GISを用いて、1960年代以降における土地利用変化を分析するとともに、市街化過程における空間的特徴を整理する。2.文献調査にみるムザップ峡谷の都市化過程の特徴2節では、1950年代の地誌2冊、ならびに公的機関による事実報告書7編(統計資料2編を含む)の検討を行い、ムザップ峡谷における都市化過程の特徴を探った。この作業より得た要約を以下に示す。2.1ムザツプ峡谷の地理的概観ムザップ峡谷は、岩質台地にオード・ムザップと呼ばれる枯れ河(ワジ)が刻み込まれた地域である。この地域は典型的な砂漠気候であるが、数年に一度ワジが洪水を起こすことでも知られる。11世紀以来、このワジ沿いの岩質の丘に、ムザップ族は5つのクスールを築いた。さらに、各クスールに対して各一ヶ所、ふもとの帯水層上の砂地に拓かれたのがダッツ農地である。ダッツとは多年生の高木で、その実が食用となるばかりでなく、樹下の微気候が生鮮野菜など住民生活に資する耕作環境を形成する。この微気候がオアシスと呼ばれる。また、水資源供給の伝統的システムとして、ムザップ族はワジに堰を設け、洪水時には地上から地下20mに位置する帯水層に水を蓄えた。2.2ムザップ峡谷の都市化過程の歴史的特徴ムザップ峡谷の歴史は、3つの期間に区分することができる。伝統社会期(1014-1850):ムザップ族がクスールを建立した理由は防衛であり、ムザップ峡谷における開発・維持管理は、長老組織が定める法オルフに従った。宗教・社会・経済問題のみならず、土地利用や水資源管理といった環境問題を扱う上でオルフは社会規範として機能していた。また、この時期、ムザップ族にはダッツ農地内に夏季住居を設けて避暑を行なう生活習慣があった。これらの水資源制約・社会規範・生活習慣は、伝統社会期におけるこの都市のサステイナビリティを支えていたと考えられる。この時期を特徴づけるのは自給自足性であると言える。植民地期(1850-1962):フランス植民地局はこの地に交通網整備と工業開発をもたらした。これを支える水資源は、近代技術により拡大した。植民地局による遊牧民の定住化政策をきっかけとして、ムザップ峡谷の人口増加が始まる。これはサハラ砂漠の油田発見をきっかけとする化学工業の労働需要増加によって加速化された。さらにこの時期、植民地局は遊牧民によるダッツ農地の開墾策を推し進めた。これらは、社会規範としてのオルフの希薄化をもたらした。この時期を特徴づけるのは近代化であると言える。国家独立期(1962-):おもに周辺地域からの流入により、人口は半世紀弱の間に5倍に増加した。アルジェリア政府もまたガルダイヤの地方拠点化を継続した結果、増加人口はとくにガルダイヤ自治体に集中した。これに伴って現在、スプロール問題をはじめ、種々の問題が顕在化している。この時期を特徴づけるのは、市街化であると言える。2.3ムザップ峡谷のスプロール問題をめぐる因果構造の整理2節のまとめとして、スプロール問題の要因構造を因果図式として構成した。得られた因果図式は、この間題の主因が、近代化を通じての人口流入による市街化圧力といった人口経済的な要因であるが、同時に、近代化に伴う社会変動や文化変容、オアシス都市の地理条件や植民地化の歴史等の固有要因、さらに独立期以降は後述する政策的要因が主因に影響していることを示している。3.国家独立期以降における都市化過程の分析国家独立期以降については、ムザップ峡谷の航空写真が現存する。3節では、これら一次資料をデジタイズして1968年、1982年、1991年、1997年の土地利用データを作成してGIS上で表示するとともに、その面積測定を通じて都市化過程の分析を行なった。主として構成用途とその成立年代により特徴づけられる4種類の土地利用カテゴリイは、旧市街地(OT)、新市街地(BU)、進行市街地(MX)、オアシス農地(OF)である。OTは伝統的低層住居;建ぺい率70%〜85%;緑被率5%以下、BUは近代的建造物;建ぺい率40%〜70%;緑被率20%〜5%、MXはダッツ農地と近代的建造物の混在;建ぺい率20%〜40%;緑被率20%〜80%、OFは夏季住居を含む農地;建ぺい率20%以下;緑被率80%以上である。また、記述資料にもとづき、土地保留地政策通用地域の一部をGIS上に表示して分析を試みた。4.結論まず、文献調査からの都市化過程の知見を要約する。(1)近代化の進展による人口流入は、国を問わず都市化に共通する現象であるが、オアシス都市や峡谷の存在といった地理上の特徴やそこで形成された伝統社会、さらには植民地化といった歴史の固有性が、ムザップ峡谷の都市化過程における特徴を規定している。(2)これらに加えて現代では、政策的要因を無視することができない。つぎに、データ分析からの都市化過程の知見を要約する。(1)この期間、市域は810haから879haに8.5%拡大した。(2)とくに68〜82年にスプロールが急速に進行し、オアシス農地は4割減少した。(3) 82年以降、UNESCOならびに自治体の対策が功を奏してオアシス農地の減少は食い止められている。(4)進行市街地は増減しているが、新市街地はつねに増加しており、スプロールによる緑被量減少の傾向が一貫して見られる。(5) 68〜82年の減少について、政府による土地保留地政策の影響を否定できない。居住環境・生産環境の厳しいオアシス都市であるムザップ峡谷が直面する諸問題は、地球環境問題と同型の構造を有しており、ゆえに、サステイナビリティの観点の導入を必要としていると考えられる。なお、ムザップ峡谷の市街化過程には、その他、高度差・水源ほかの地形要因が大きく関与するものと考えられるため、そのための継続的な分析作業を今後の課題としたい。