著者

宇田川 拓雄

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.107-116, 2017-03

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The Preparing Future Faculty (PFF) Initiative (1993-2002) is a project made possible through the partnership of the Council of Graduate Schools (CGS) and the Association of American Colleges and Universities (AAC&U). PFF is a training seminar for graduate students who desire to become professors. The initiative aims to develop useful models for PFF and to disseminate those models nationwide. The author conducted research on the experimental programs of four sociology departments, which were funded by the PFF Initiative in cooperation with the American Sociological Association (ASA). Only two sociology departments had active PFF programs; however, all four graduate schools had components of PFF programs in their curricula and graduation requirements. The PFF Initiative has succeeded in transforming the culture of graduate training. However, several problems have been identified with regard to faculty members. The primary goal for a junior professor is to earn tenure and a promotion. However, participating as partner faculty members in a PFF program may decrease junior professorsʼ research time and keep them from achieving their goals. Because the place of PFF in the professorship is unclear, it is sometimes considered to be a pro bono service activity in which only professors with little interest in aʠgenuineʡprofessorship participate. Using Burawoyʼs (2002) model of public sociology, Pescosolid (2008) redefined the professorship and identified PFF as one of the core roles of scholarship and of teaching. His thesis offered strong support for the promotion of PFF.

著者

山田 邦雅

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.167-172, 2017-03

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The Japanese situation of institutional research (IR) in the university is different from that of the United States because a campus-wide database system has not been constructed. Therefore Japanese IRers expend substantial manpower on efforts to collect data from each faculty member and consolidate them. For IR to demonstrate its true value by utilizing data, I think support of IRer is necessary. The most inefficient work of the Japanese IRer is the basic tasks that should be performed by a computer. Therefore I, a beginner in programming, developed an application that checks for incomplete IR data for IRers. When I checked the IR data of the last year with this application, I found that the values of 4.3% of the cells were incomplete and our IRer understood them. I also checked whether this application was user-friendly by using Fogg’s consumption model.

著者

末本 哲雄 田中 清裕 金井 俊輔 笠原 茂佳 石上 歩 池田 紘美

出版者

北海道大学高等教育機能開発総合センター

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.45-60, 2007-12

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If a specialist, especially someone belonging to a university, visits a high school or a school of lower stage and gives lectures about his or her specialty, such lectures (or such an acitivity) are called delivery-lectures. Although a high school-college collaboration, especially the deliverylectures, is spreading rapidly in Japan, learning in such a collaboration tends to be one-way from college to high school. To make it supply effects in the opposite direction, we took up deliverylectures designed and performed not by professors but by graduate students. During the activities, the graduate students realized that they got some educational effects such as expanding of their horizons, getting teacher’s mind, understanding the diffi culty of teaching and behaving in a positive attitude. The high school students considered that the lectures were benefi cial and the graduate students had enough ability to teach. These results suggest that delivery-lectures by graduate students are available as two-way learning between high schools and colleges.

著者

田中 宏明

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.37-42, 2016-03

著者

石川 勝彦

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.13-22, 2018-05

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The present study investigated how first-year seminars should be designed to support the academic achievements of freshmen. Case examples of course design for first-year seminars were collected from six teachers. On the basis of the results of qualitative arrangement, seven categories were generated and three main principles were discovered: building membership among students in their class, mutual or reciprocal learning among peers and teacher’s facilitation of peer learning, and individualized coaching in addition to teaching groups of students. Examples of course design were consolidated into a scale, and the scale was positively correlated with a safe class climate and the attainment of seminar targets. The relationships among course design, the attainment target of the seminar and a safe class climate were analyzed, and the findings suggested that course design had a greater influence on academic achievement than a safe class climate, and that a safe class climate had a greater influence than instructional design for becoming accustomed the to new college life through the seminar.

著者

細川 敏幸 山田 邦雅 宮本 淳

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構高等教育研究部

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.45-54, 2020-06-23

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Abstract -- Using a questionnaire survey of a university in Japan, we examined whether the College Impact Theory proposed by A. W. Astin in 1993 could hold in Japan. In addition, we clarified what experiences in high school and university affect learning outcomes. The IR data used were the results of a freshman survey, a junior survey, a graduation survey, and a graduate student survey. As a result, it was proved that the college impact theory was applicable even in Japanese universities. In addition, learning styles that contribute to good learning results at universities and the acquisition of competencies after graduation were extracted. Learning behaviors that lead to good results were also revealed in the science major group and humanities major group. Such specific research results make it possible to verify the characteristics of individual universities and are expected to contribute to future educational reform.

著者

西森 敏之

出版者

北海道大学高等教育機能開発総合センター

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.185-201, 1997

著者

西森 敏之 山下 好孝 寺沢 浩一 小笠原 正明 山岸 みどり 阿部 和厚 細川 敏幸 二通 信子

出版者

北海道大学高等教育機能開発総合センター

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.173-186, 2003

著者

山田 邦雅

出版者

北海道大学高等教育機能開発総合センター

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.19-29, 2008-12

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In overseas universities many instructors have begun to use a classroom device commonly called a clicker, which allows students to respond to questions with small keypads. Students answer multiple choice questions projected on a classroom screen by pressing the keys of the clicker. It is reported that clickers increase the interaction with students and improve their learning, but few Japanese instructors use them now. I think we would benefit from the use of clickers but they are expensive. Therefore I made an inexpensive clicker system for testing in the classroom.

著者

小林 建一

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

no.25, pp.23-36, 2018-03

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The change of regulation concerning faculty meetings of university in the School Education Law has changed the administration of the university. The president has become able to make all of the administrative decisions of the university, because the president can freely deny the opinions of the faculty meeting. This is called the "ultimate decision-making authority" by the Ministry of Education. There is no definition or direct regulation of the decision-making authority in the School Education Law. This power is due to the interpretation of law by the Ministry of Education. The technique of interpretation is a fiction of law. This technique is strongly technical and arbitrary, indicating a limitation of the law. This fiction of the law is based on the theory that the ultimate decision-making power rests with the chief of an organization because the legislation concerning the power in the law of administrative organization is not sufficient. Practically, however, the chief cannot decide by himself and needs a consensus on the various steps in the administrative organization. The Ministry of Education says that the president has the power to decide because of his ultimate responsibility based on the principle of power corresponding with responsibility, but the relationship between decision-making authority and responsibility is complex, and not easy to clarify. We can understand it by considering the problem of legal responsibility, because someone must actually take responsibility in spite of not having the ultimate decision-making authority in the organization. Therefore, the power with responsibility needs a fictional explanation. The ultimate decision-making authority is a fiction of the law but is actually defined for the university by the Ministry of Education. Appropriate legislation is needed to prevent abuse of this fiction of the law with the understanding that the president's power of decision should be circumscribed within the constraints of political majority rule.

著者

石井 治恵

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構高等教育研究部

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.1-9, 2019-04

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Abstract - In Japan, universities have experienced an increase in the number of students seeking counseling services. While many university counseling centers perceive crisis management to be challenging, the crisis intervention literature only provides scattered evidence of its effectiveness and lacks a comprehensive classification of these interventions, making it difficult for university counseling centers to implement research-informed crisis management policies and plans. This paper presents a classification model of crisis intervention specific to university settings where three factors are displayed along the three axes of a cube. The axes consist of 3 stages of crisis, 3 scales of crisis intervention, and 3 foci of crisis intervention, resulting in 27 categories. Rationales and descriptions for these three axes are provided, followed by a discussion of the limitations and possible contributions of the cubic classification model.

著者

細川 敏幸 山田 邦雅 宮本 淳

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構高等教育研究部

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.59-65, 2019-04

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Abstract - The questionnaire on learning situations used by the University IR Consortium was introduced by Yamada et al. in 2004 with reference to the Cooperative Institutional Research Program (CIRP) used in the USA. A questionnaire based on the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) used in USA was also introduced in Korea in 2009. The questionnaires (CIRP and NSSE) referred to in both countries have been gradually reorganizad after that, and there are several different parts. In this report, we focus on the CIRP compared with the other three questionnaires, and summarize recent trends in US questionnaire contents. This will assist in future discussions about the contents of student survey questionnaires.

著者

宇田川 拓雄

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構高等教育研究部

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.25-33, 2019-04

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Abstract - In 2017, the Japanese Goverment announced the plan of the New Policy for Human Development, aiming to reduce inequality and nurture the workforce needed for the development of 21st-century Japan. It includes tuition-free scholarships for low-income families, benefit-type scholarships, and income-linked repayment loans for university students. In contrast, a new, diffirent type of schlarship is in place in some states in the United States. In 2014, Governor Bill Haslam of Tennessee signed the Tennessee Promise Act, and it was implemented in 2015. It is a state scholarship that makes tuition for community colleges free for two years for all the first time students who attend any of the Tennessee community colleges. The completion rate for community colleges is only 25%. Why did the lawmakers decide to spend money on institutions of higher education with such low productivity? The Tennessee Promise has been an immense success and, by March 2018, fifteen states had followed Tennessee and enavted similar Promise-type programs. Today, in Japan, as well as in the United States, more than 50% of 18-yaer-olds attend college or university. We are at the universal stage of Martin Trow's model of higher education. Why free-tuition policies have appeared at this stage of universalization? In this paper, the author analyzes the features of Tennessee's free-tuition scholoarships and tries to explain the meaning of the program using Trow's model.

著者

亀野 淳

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.137-144, 2017-03

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This study revealed the relationship between generic skills of Hokkaido University students and their academic performance and employment. A progress report on generic skills (PROG) was used as a way of measuring these skills quantitatively and its results were linked with data obtained in a questionnaire survey on their career awareness. The findings included the following. (1) Although the literacy of Hokkaido University students was found to be high, their competency was found to be at roughly the same level as the national average. (2) Although no clear relationship was found between competency and academic performance, prospective employers tended to report higher satisfaction with students who had higher competency scores. (3) Although the competency score was high for students who were trying to act proactively and spontaneously, who were making efforts toward definite goals or who had high interest in other conntries, no relationship was found between competency and their enthusiasm in studies, club activities or part-time jobs.

著者

布施 泉 岡部 成玄 中西 通雄

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.97-105, 2017-03

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In a general information education class for freshmen of Hokkaido University, we used a CPU simulator in order to help students understand the calculation procedure on the CPU. The analysis of the results of a questionnaire concerning the course showed that understanding, interest and motivation with regard to the basic principles of computers were improved by solving exercises using the simulator in addition to textbook learning. As a result of the exercises, it was found that the material was useful not only to understand the principles of the CPU but to promote better understanding of “computational thinking.”

著者

池田 文人

出版者

北海道大学高等教育機能開発総合センター

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.147-154, 2007-12

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Although the background for Finnish PISA (Professional for International Student Assessment) success has been discussed from various viewpoints, Finnish education’s view of knowledge has not been reported yet. Its view makes us aware of fundamental problems in Japanese education. In this paper, Finnish education’s view of knowledge and its knowledge acquisition processes are elucidated by comparing Finnish education and Japanese education. Based on this comparison, an improvement plan for Japanse education is discussed.

著者

松橋 博美 中村 秀夫 高久 元 伊田 勝憲 三浦 啓子 前田 輪音

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.1-8, 2015-03

著者

田中 正弘

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.45-51, 2012-03

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This paper focuses on the new tuition fee system that was introduced in England in the academic year 2006-07. This system acts as an income-contingent loan: students are not required to pay tuition fees at the beginning of their study, but can start repaying them as tax when their income exceeds a fi xed amount after graduation from the university. In theory, this system gives students from lower income groups the opportunity to attend university because they do not need to provide a large amount of money at the beginning of their study. In addition, the remaining debt of those who fail to earn high lifetime incomes is remitted 25 (or 30) years after graduation, thereby relieving students of their anxiety over their debt. Hence, this paper suggests that this English tuition fee system can give us a fresh perspective in terms of the expansion of opportunities for students from lower income groups.

著者

秋林 幸男 門松 昌彦 夏目 俊二 西本 肇 根本 晶彦

出版者

北海道大学高等教育機能開発総合センター

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.92-110, 1999

著者

竹下 徹

出版者

北海道大学高等教育機能開発総合センター

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.163-170, 2006-07