著者

大平 英樹 木村 健太 白井 真理子 藤原 健

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.38-51, 2017-10-01 (Released:2018-01-10)

著者

戸田山 和久

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.91-104, 2021-03-10 (Released:2021-03-12)

著者

岩佐 和典

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.Si, pp.47-53, 2019-02-28 (Released:2019-03-11)

参考文献数

40

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The behavioral immune system (BIS) regulates one’s cognition, emotion, behavior for avoiding diseases. History shows that disgust as the key component of the behavioral immune system has played a crucial role in the spread of extreme out-group exclusion. This article aimed to examine how the BIS influences negative attitude towards the specific group. A broad range of literature review suggested that the fundamental principles of the BIS, smoke-detector principle and functional flexibility principle, are essential for understanding this issue. Previous studies showed individual differences in disgust sensitivity and perceived vulnerability to disease affect the negative attitude towards the specific group based on the BIS. Presence of disease cues also facilitates the formation of such attitude. In addition, the literature review revealed information provides the disease context can easily alter an individual’s attitudes towards the specific group in a negative direction. Furthermore, based on these findings, the direction of future research is discussed.

著者

村山 達也

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.Si, pp.22-30, 2021-03-22 (Released:2021-03-25)

参考文献数

27

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Although being loved by someone we love is generally acknowledged as having special value, what that value is and from whence it derives remain unclear. As described herein, the author suggests two constituents of the special value of mutual love: the very nature of love, i.e., becoming happy by the happiness of one’s beloved; and a mutual recognition between lovers of this becoming happy by the happiness of one another.After posing the question of the value of mutual love, the love–emotion relation is examined and defined in terms of relevant emotions. From this definition, the author examines a Union View of Love, inferring that this view clarifies neither the specificity nor origin of the value of mutual love. Finally, the author proposes the Echo View, explaining mutual love’s value by the nature of love and by lovers’ mutual recognition of their happiness, with some additional remarks about relevant issues.

著者

大平 英樹

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.2-12, 2017-10-01 (Released:2018-01-10)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

3

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Lisa Feldman-Barrett, who has promoted a psychological constructivism theory of affect, recently proposed the Embodied Predictive Interoception Coding (EPIC) model of affect, on the basis of the perspective of predictive coding. The theoretical framework of predictive coding argues that the brain creates inner models which can provide predictions for perception and motor movement, and that perception and behaviors are emerged from Bayesian computations rooted on the predictions. The EPIC model expands this perspective into interoception, which is perception of inner body states, and tries to explain phenomena of affect as integrative experiences based on interoception. This article introduces concepts of the EPIC model and examines the model by referencing to empirical findings.

著者

籠谷 公司

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.30-37, 2017-10-01 (Released:2018-01-10)

参考文献数

44

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This article reviews the recent development of war studies with a focus on the rational choice and the psychological approaches. Scholars in international relations have been studying the origins of war. A traditional theory, Realism, emphasized power as the determinant of international outcomes. However, it did not explain how the distribution of power induces the onset of war. Rationalists connected the missing link by highlighting crisis bargaining as a key process and described the outset of war as a negotiation failure. Wars occur because of the uncertainty problem, the issue indivisibility problem, and the commitment problem. Psychologists applied prospect theory to international conflict behavior and explained how the possible loss of territories drives states to take the risk and escalate crisis bargaining to the onset of war. The latter approach shows more difficulties in reaching a peaceful settlement. Moreover, scholars start using experiments to examine which is more important to explain crisis behavior. Some studies detect the importance of psychological factors in crisis bargaining. We will develop the understanding of conflict behavior by examining the relative importance of the rational choice and the psychological approaches.

著者

川上 直秋

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.81-86, 2015-10-01 (Released:2017-04-24)

参考文献数

26

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The mere exposure effect means that repeated, unreinforced exposure is sufficient to enhance one's liking toward a stimulus. Furthermore, a number of experiments have demonstrated that this effect can be obtained outside of conscious awareness. The present article reviews empirical findings pointing to the cognitive factors which enhance the effect, such as familiarity-novelty and consistency of action. This review suggests that the mere exposure effect is closely related to the social fluency associated with an exposed object. Finally, some prospects for emerging themes for the future of study on the mere exposure effect are discussed.

著者

今田 純雄

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.Si, pp.39-46, 2019-02-28 (Released:2019-03-11)

参考文献数

47

---

As a basic emotion, disgust is thought to have evolved as a biological function to protect human bodies from potentially dangerous foods. Along with the growth, elicitors of disgust have expanded to multiple domains: animals, body products, sex, death corpses, bad hygiene, body envelope violations and moral offenses. Rozin and his colleagues proposed that functions of disgust is to protect the body, soul and social order. They also proposed the CAD triad hypothesis (Rozin, Lowery, Imada, & Haidt, 1999) which stipulates that people feel anger for violations of autonomy, contempt for violations of community, and disgust for violations of divinity. In this paper, a hypothetical assumption that disgust, as a moral emotion, may be an underlying motive to produce hostility, expulsions and hate crimes toward outgroups was discussed.

著者

松尾 朗子 田中 友理

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.13-24, 2021-12-30 (Released:2022-01-13)

参考文献数

111

被引用文献数

3

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This paper reviews the previous work on disgust from the perspective of moral judgment. Shweder et al. (1997) proposed that morality consists of three dimensions: autonomy, community, and divinity. This interpretation of morality serves as one’s rationale and/or standards in moral judgment. Graham et al. (2011) extended Shweder’s idea and developed it as Moral Foundations Theory (MFT). The purity foundation of the MFT corresponds to the divinity dimension of Shweder’s theory and is found to evoke disgust. What kind of behavior people should judge as morally wrong in terms of the purity foundation is shared among ingroup members, which makes them bound together; that is a social function of morality. Accordingly, their moral judgment leads violators to be socially excluded. Although understanding the purity foundation helps researchers clarify how ingroup members are eventually excluded, cultural differences in the concept of purity can exist, such as the unique purity orientation among the Japanese. In addition, this paper addresses such concepts relevant to social exclusion as moralization and moral elevation. The theoretical and practical findings from research on moral judgment will contribute to the better understanding of the mechanism of disgust being evoked and social exclusion being processed.

著者

北村 英哉

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.4-12, 2021-12-30 (Released:2022-01-13)

参考文献数

50

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This article highlights the social concept of pollution or impurity and its use as a justification for discrimination and exclusion. First, the history of the concept of pollution is reviewed. Second, a development of two scales measuring the tendency towards pollution related thoughts, the Purity Orientation–Pollution Avoidance (POPA) Scale and the Avoidance of Resentment Scale (ARS), is explained. Third, an experimental study using these scales is introduced. Then, the relationships between four purity/pollution factors and exclusive behaviors were investigated using structural equation modelling. The results revealed that the pollution avoidance tendency enhances anxious feeling towards immigrants, but this relationship is mediated by a type of belief that “natural things are the best,” which stems from pollution avoidance motivation. Finally, this article summarizes how the concept of pollution can cause discriminations and exclusions, and discusses solutions for the problem.

著者

縄田 健悟

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.9-16, 2015-10-01 (Released:2017-04-24)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

1

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Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of emotions in the escalation and reduction of intergroup conflicts. This paper reviews and discusses studies on emotions in intergroup conflict. This paper aims to understand recent findings and indicate future areas of focus regarding how emotions elicit discrimination, prejudice, and war. First, I introduce intergroup emotions theory, one of the most important theories on intergroup relations, and discuss the relation between intergroup emotions and intergroup aggression. Second, I examine collective emotions, which is the social or group phenomenon of sharing intergroup emotions across the entire group. Finally, I review studies on emotion regulation in intergroup conflicts and provide ways for resolving conflicts by intervening in real intergroup conflicts.

著者

阿部 恒之 北村 英哉 原 塑

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.Si, pp.31-41, 2021-03-22 (Released:2021-03-25)

参考文献数

8

---

This article is a modified record of “Philosophy and Psychology III: Contrastive approaches to the COVID-19 problems,” a public symposium held at the 84th annual convention of the Japanese Psychological Association on September 9, 2020 via webinar. Before this symposium, philosophers and psychologists joined and discussed emotions (2018) and justice (2019) to stimulate psychologists to have greater interest in and to devote more attention to philosophy. It had been noted that psychologists tend to be quite indifferent to philosophy despite the fact that historical origins of psychology as an established discipline can be traced back to philosophy and physiology. In the last symposium, we, two psychologists and a philosopher, discussed COVID-19 as a problem, particularly addressing topics of “freedom and publicness” and “the future of embodiment.” Through that discussion, results showed that philosophy and psychology can be complementary and productive for both.

著者

JIDAI

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.3-12, 2019-03-31 (Released:2019-05-18)

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In “Art Mime,” as a theatrical performance, it is important to bodily experience emotions. When we see the relationship between body and emotions from the perspective of Art Mime, we understand that emotions, which are really personal, can exist as something separated from the person. Experiencing not egocentric but universal emotions gives us abundant emotions of mental energy, and helps us release ourselves and realize others.

著者

片平 健太郎

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.18-24, 2017-10-01 (Released:2018-01-10)

参考文献数

19

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Computational models are becoming important tools in psychology. They offer a way to describe and investigate behaviors and physiology of living systems. However, it has yet been sufficiently discussed how they contribute to studies on emotion. In this paper, I discuss the role of the computational models in studies on emotion, introducing example studies. Emotions emerge as a construct that corresponds to variables or parameters of computational models during the processes of modeling behavioral or physiological data. Computational models also contribute to clarify the function of emotions in adaptive behaviors.

著者

池上 知子

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.29-35, 2015-10-01 (Released:2017-04-24)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

3

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This article discusses the obstacles to the realization of harmonious coexistence in a human society that purportedly advocates egalitarianism. Focusing on the issues regarding sexual minorities and empirical studies on the prejudice against them, the author argues that simplistic egalitarianism does not work well when the acceptance of dissimilar others, who embrace a totally different mentality and orientation, is associated with threats to one's established values and worldviews constituting the very basis of one's identity. Among people with such a rigid sense of identity, this evokes despisement and the desire for expulsion of the minority group. The author concludes that restructuring one's identity is a promising way to solve the problem.

著者

中嶋 智史

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.4-12, 2021-03-10 (Released:2021-03-12)

参考文献数

60

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Facial expression research in the past 30 years has been focused mainly on human subjects, while that of other animals, specifically non-primate mammals, has been neglected despite its importance in terms of phylogenetical perspectives. Recently, however, several studies have shown the presence of facial expression in several mammalians such as canids, ungulates, and rodents in a systematic manner. Furthermore, evidence indicate that these species possibly receive facial expressions as communicative signals from conspecifics. This paper reviews research on facial expression in non-primate animals and discusses the significance of understanding the mechanisms and functions of human facial expressions.

著者

熊谷 智博

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.Si, pp.33-38, 2019-02-28 (Released:2019-03-11)

参考文献数

20

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In this paper, I examined hate speech as aggressive behavior from the perspective of social diagnosis and treatment. As the “symptom,” I examined whether hate speech is aggression, what kind of psychological and social damage it causes, and what characters it has as vicarious aggression. Next, as the “cause,” I examined psychological process of retaliation and its psychological reward. Finally, as the “treatment,” I argued the need for social regulation of emotion, establishment of the law for hate speech, and I examined the expected effect on weakening hate speech and restoration of social order from a social psychology perspective.

著者

三浦 麻子 小森 政嗣 松村 真宏 平石 界

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.Si, pp.26-32, 2019-02-28 (Released:2019-03-11)

参考文献数

18

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The present study explored social sharing of negative emotion on social media related to the 3.11 earthquake. A dataset was created from tweets that included one or more of the nuclear disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (F1-NPP) related vocabulary, which were extracted from all Japanese tweets from March 11th, 2011 to April 16th, 2012. The results show anger was less susceptible to attenuation over time and this trend was more obvious in regions farther from the F1-NPP. Anxiety was more commonly shared in regions with a nuclear power plant, but a tendency to decrease over time was observed and this trend was more prominent the closer one was to the F1-NPP.

著者

大平 英樹

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.4-15, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-11-11)

参考文献数

61

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Psychological constructivism of affect argues that experienced emotions are constructed through two processes: 1) formation of the core affect on the basis of interoception which is neural representation of bodily signals, 2) categorization of the core affect by using concepts and contextual information. In this article, it is proposed that cultural and historical situations can affect experiences of emotions via revision of concepts and processes of co-construction of affect between individuals. For this purpose, a hierarchical Bayesian computational model of affect is introduced, and the processes of co-construction of affect are examined through computational simulation. Furthermore, importance of culture and history is discussed in the perspective of co-construction of affect.

著者

河野 和明

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.Si, pp.54-64, 2019-02-28 (Released:2019-03-11)

参考文献数

44

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This study aimed to clarify target groups of dislike feeling of Japanese people and analyze elements of the feeling. Web survey was conducted among 1,000 Japanese adults, whose ages ranged from 20 to 69 years old. The results showed that approximately two thirds of the survey participants could report target group(s) of dislike feeling, and Japanese new religions, three neighboring countries and the Islamic State were mainly reported as target groups. Sex and age differences were small in categories of reported target groups, and male’s hostile commitments for the groups were relatively higher than female’s. Sensitivities for threat in environment related to negative attitude for the target groups and the relationships were higher in males than in females. These results were consistent with general results of previous studies.