著者

寺尾 愛也 日野 貴文 鈴木 正嗣 近藤 誠司 吉田 剛司

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.41-50, 2016 (Released:2017-06-17)

参考文献数

24

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In Japan, the use of firearms to culling in areas surrounding the main road would be an effective option to control overabundant deer. This culling practice is linked to the laws and regulations regarding road and traffic; however, wildlife managers lack knowledge of these laws and regulations. We have identified Japanese regulations and conditions, and have focused on problems and prospects of the existing laws on sharpshooting, which was practiced at the National Route 453 in Shikotsu, Hokkaido, as a model case. Under these laws and regulations, strict safety control by blocking traffic and attending to public interests for culling is required in order to engage in culling around the road. However, the Road Law and Road Traffic Law do not specifically support road usage for culling intended for wildlife population control. Consequently, those laws require a viewpoint of wildlife management to solve conflicts that occur in and around the road.

著者

立脇 隆文 小池 文人

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.15-28, 2016 (Released:2017-06-17)

参考文献数

48

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Collecting and accumulating records of wildlife-vehicle collisions are useful for two purposes: to improve road safety, and to monitor the density of wildlife. Such records in Japan are obtained largely from roadkill collected by road managers or cleaners from local or national governments; however, little is known about the records within municipalities. The objective of this study was to provide an overview of roadkill records within municipalities in Japan. Particularly, this study aimed to reveal: the proportion of municipalities that have records of roadkill; the bureau that is mainly responsible for these records within municipalities; how the records are used by municipalities; and what information is usually available in these records. A questionnaire was sent to 650 municipalities across Japan, and was returned by 503 (77.4%) of the municipalities. Of the municipalities that answered the questionnaire, 68.6% recorded roadkill incidents in some way. The answers showed that in the majority of municipalities, cleaners within the municipality recorded roadkill, and road managers did not. About 90% of the records were discarded after 5 years had passed since they were recorded. The municipalities sometimes used the records for accounts of removing roadkill, or to reply to inquiries from citizens or prefectural offices, but rarely used them for preventing wildlife-vehicle collisions. Of the municipalities that answered the questionnaire, 50.1% collected roadkill not only from the municipal roads, but also from the prefectural or national roads, which municipalities have no responsibility to manage. The person removing the roadkill was usually the one to identify what species it belonged to. Each municipality recorded roadkill differently, as either a hand written note or as an electronic file in Microsoft Excel. The information available about roadkill in the majority of municipalities were month, location, and the species or taxa of animal removed. However, only 39.4% of the municipalities recorded all three characteristics. Based on these results, we suggest there should be a standardized system to collect roadkill records in Japanese municipalities, which could be used to improve road safety and monitor the density of local wildlife.

著者

大澤 剛士

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.17-27, 2017 (Released:2017-12-08)

参考文献数

85

被引用文献数

3

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In recent years we are facing a “declining population era” which means a continuously declining population. Along with population, agricultural activities are going into a decline especially in hilly and mountainous areas. Agricultural ecosystems have several ecosystem functions other than food production such as biodiversity conservation. Although traditional agricultural practices maintained biodiversity, recent agricultural situations may have negative consequences on biodiversity. In this paper, I reviewed the current agricultural situation in Japan, summarized studies on agricultural land use in a macro-scale, and discussed the future prospects for agricultural land use in Japan.

著者

羽根田 貴行 諸星 綾 小林 万里

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.2, pp.1-10, 2017 (Released:2017-06-17)

参考文献数

21

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The Pacific Ocean along the coast of eastern Hokkaido is rich in marine resources and many pinniped species inhabit the area. In this study, we report the pinniped numbers and species that are incidentally caught in salmon set nets in the waters off eastern Hokkaido from spring to autumn in 2012-2014. As a result, the number of by-catch individuals was higher in spring than in autumn, with the majority of animals caught in Konbumori and Hamanaka, respectively. Individuals of all the pinniped species that inhabit the Hokkaido coast were caught in spring. The main seal species caught in this season were harbor seals, spotted seals, and northern fur seals, whereas the majority of by-catch animals in autumn were harbor seals. Most of the by-catch seals were young individuals. However, in addition to pups, pregnant northern fur seal females were caught incidentally, likely while moving northward to breed. Migratory pinnipeds depends on the environment, the change in the number of by-catch by year was great. In contrast, resident species changed little. Therefore, status of the by-catch of migratory pinnipeds can be used as an indicator of environmental changes, whereas, the current inhabitant changes for resident species such as harbor seals.

著者

池田 敬

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.79-85, 2023 (Released:2023-11-09)

参考文献数

27

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Sika deer populations must be reduced to control their distribution expansion and decrease damage to agricultural crops and ecosystems. However, due to aging hunters, wildlife managers need to capture deer efficiently. Considering these aspects, capture by feeding has been proposed, but there is no information on the attractiveness of mineral salts to male or female deer. Therefore, we conducted feeding experiments from May to September 2019 to evaluate the attractiveness of mineral salt based on sex. Our results showed that the feeding frequency of mineral salts was higher than that of the other three baits, and the feeding frequency in female deer was higher than that in males. By contrast, we found no differences in the staying time of mineral salts between male and female deer, and the feeding frequency of mineral salts for males increased with time from the start of the attraction. Therefore, mineral salts may sufficiently attract male and female deer, especially during the initial phase of attraction, and may selectively attract females later. To efficiently attract females using mineral salts, it is necessary to know the herd composition in the target area and verify their attractiveness of mineral salts.

著者

關 義和

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.21-25, 2022 (Released:2022-06-24)

参考文献数

36

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This study aimed to investigate the distribution of Japanese serows (Capricornis crispus) in Hakone, Kanagawa, Japan, which has not been confirmed since the Meiji era. A total of 15 automatic cameras were set up from October 2017 to September 2020 (12047.6 camera-days) in the Hakone Nature Forest of Tamagawa University. Japanese serows were observed on four occasions (October 31, 2017, and June 3, June 4, and September 14, 2019) at two sites, providing the first reliable record of the presence of serows in Hakone. Although the previously confirmed areas inhabited by Japanese serows were at a distance > 10 km from the present study area, the recorded distance was considerably larger than the diameter of the home ranges (which was assumed to be circular in shape) and the dispersal distances of Japanese serows. The findings of this study suggest that Japanese serows may be continuously distributed from the study area to the previously confirmed inhabited areas.

著者

Shunta Ando Toru Oi

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.23-29, 2023 (Released:2023-04-13)

参考文献数

28

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Management of wild mammals in urban green areas is a growing issue of concern in Japan, because some dangerous mammals have begun to use such areas as habitats or travel pathways. We investigated the mammal fauna in the linear green area located within the urban zone of Kanazawa City, Japan between June and December 2018. Using camera traps, we observed 11 mammal species or species-groups in the green area, the majority of which were medium-sized facultative omnivores. The long forest edge of the green area may have had positive effects on the otherwise low population-carrying capacity for some species. Large mammals did not inhabit the green area permanently, but the area may function as a travel pathway for these species into the city center. Further studies are required to clarify the essential characteristics of the green area, which harbors the mammal fauna revealed by the present survey, and to develop concrete management plans.

著者

吉田 英利佳 崎山 智樹 片平 浩孝

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.43-48, 2023 (Released:2023-04-27)

参考文献数

26

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国立公園では,利用者の増加に伴い野生生物とのトラブルや環境悪化など様々な問題が生じている.今回我々は,大雪山国立公園内の岩塊堆積地に生息するエゾナキウサギ(Ochotona hyperborea yesoensis)の生息地において,散乱しているごみの存在に気づいた.そこで利用客が多く訪れる生息地を対象に,ごみの数や品目を明らかにすることを目的として,目視による回収調査を実施した.2021年7月30日から8月6日にかけて,大雪山国立公園内の5地点(十勝岳望岳台探勝路・駒止湖・東ヌプカウシヌプリ・白雲山・岩石山)で計11.2時間(平均2.2 h/地点)探索し,合計26個のごみを発見した(発見効率2.3個/h).これらのうちプラスチック製品が多くを占め,空き缶やタバコの空き箱も含まれた.ごみは岩の隙間に落ちているケースが多く,いずれもエゾナキウサギの観察を目的としたレクリエーション時に由来すると推察された.20年以上の長期にわたり残存し続けてきたと思われる缶ごみもあり,周辺環境へ化学物質が溶出している可能性も疑われる.今後のより良い公園利用のために,関係行政主導の定期的な清掃や利用者意識を高める働きかけはもちろん,ごみに気づいた者が率先して持ち帰るような互助的行動の普及が望まれる.

著者

藤井 太一 村上 真善 南 基泰

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.11-22, 2023 (Released:2023-04-03)

参考文献数

35

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A survey of mammal fauna using a total 26 automatic digital camera traps on an abandoned railway and a series of tunnels belonging to the former Japanese National Railway was conducted from March 2, 2015 to December 19, 2019 in Kasugai, Aichi Prefecture in Central Japan. A total of 74,807 informative photographs were obtained over 41,052 camera days. Of the 15 mammals that were photo-captured, the most frequently photographed was Sus scrofa (relative abundance index: 15.1 photographs/100 camera-days), followed by Paguma larvata (6.2), Felis catus (5.6), Vulpes vulpes (1.4), Nyctereutes procyonoides (1.2), Lepus brachyurus (0.7), Martes melampus (0.2), Procyon lotor (0.2), Capricornis crispus (0.2), Cervus nippon (0.1), Mustela sp. (0.1), Sciurus lis (< 0.1), Macaca fuscata (< 0.1), Meles anakuma (< 0.1), Myocastor coypus (< 0.1), in order. The study area, which is located in the eastern foothills of Aichi Prefecture, supports populations of local wildlife species that are representative of medium- and large–sized mammals (S. scrofa, V. vulpes, N. procyonoides and L. brachyurus, M. melampus, C. crispus, and C. nippon) and is considered to contribute positively towards the conservation of regional biodiversity. Since the activity of S. scrofa and the administrators of the abandoned railway and tunnels overlap during the twilight hours (i.e., one hour before and after sunrise and sunset), caution is necessary to prevent encounters between S. scrofa and humans.

著者

末次 優花 日置 佳之

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.49-63, 2023 (Released:2023-09-01)

参考文献数

39

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Roadkill associated with transportation infrastructure exerts a negative impact on the natural environment and driving; hence, it should be prevented to conserve wildlife and promote safe driving. In this study, drivers in Tottori Prefecture were surveyed regarding their recognition and attitudes toward roadkill. The survey was conducted in September 2020, and online questionnaires were collected from 500 respondents aged 20 to 60. A total of 406 respondents (81.2%) answered that they know what roadkill is and that they had seen it most commonly on roads. More than 90% of those who were aware of roadkill felt that roadkill should not occur, primarily out of sympathy for animals and traffic accident danger. In addition, there was a difference in consciousness depending on the animal species. Roadkill prevention consciousness for large mammals stemmed from a concern to avoid driving dangers, while the reason given for preventing endangered species from becoming roadkill was the need for conservation. Many respondents thought that amphibians, reptiles, and insects are small and collisions are inevitable. Also, more than 80% of respondents thought that roadkill is a problem for both humans and animals. This information on drivers' attitudes toward roadkill prevention in Tottori Prefecture is valuable as a resource for roadkill policies in the future.

著者

角田 裕志

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.5-15, 2017 (Released:2017-12-08)

参考文献数

65

被引用文献数

4

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Ponds are small waterbodies holding unique biota and relative-higher biodiversity than other freshwater ecosystems (i.e., rivers, lakes and streams). In Japan, irrigating farm ponds are typical lentic environments in Satoyama landscapes. Currently, however, there is growing concern for pond conservation because of declines and abandonments of ponds across the country. Japanese population number has started depopulating in 2011 and was estimated decreasing to about two-thirds in 2060. The social change in future Japan can affect agricultural landscapes, including farm ponds. In the paper, I reviewed and discussed ecological effects of pond abandonments on aquatic ecosystems, owing to the depopulation in future Japan. If farm ponds are abandoned, aquatic biodiversity drastically degrade and then most of aquatic species disappear, owing to vegetation succession. Although it needs maintaining operations (e.g., mowing and dredging) for conserving aquatic biota in farm ponds, it will be difficult in depopulated/abandoned settlements. I here suggested new systems and frameworks for conservation of pond ecosystems under the depopulating situation.

著者

鳥居 春己 高野 彩子 村上 興正 白子 智康

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.43-50, 2022 (Released:2022-10-25)

参考文献数

35

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The stomach contents of six adult female nutrias captured in June 2021 were analyzed using DNA metabarcoding to confirm foraging of Unionoid mussel and other invertebrate animal taxa in the Shirokita cove in the lower reaches of the Yodogawa River, Osaka prefecture. Nodularia douglasiae, N. nipponensis, Sinanodonta calipygos, S. sp., Beringiana japonica, Corbicula fluminea or C.leana. were detected in three nutrias. In particular, N. douglasiae was the dominant on the number of read. Ladybug beetles Propylea japonica or P. quatuordecimpunctata and whitefly (Aleurochiton sp.) were also observed, but these are thought to have been taken in along with plants. N. nipponensis has not been found in the Yodogawa river system, and Corbicula spp. have not been found in the midden of dead shell caused by nutria feeding, which was previously reported. This is the first record of the nutria preying on N. nipponensis, S. calipygos, B. fukuharai, but Lanceolaria oxyrhyncha which was previously reported was not detected. These results indicate that DNA metabarcoding is available for further analysis to clarify the nutria feeding habit including aquatic and terrestrial plants and impact on the ecosystems.

著者

松﨑 博季 真田 博文 和田 直史

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.75-85, 2021 (Released:2022-02-15)

参考文献数

12

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This paper presents and discusses the acoustic measurement results of four different alert whistles that produce sounds through airflow and the investigation results of reactions of sika deer (Cervus nippon) to alert sounds played from a vehicle mounted loudspeaker. The acoustic measurement of the alert whistles revealed that the basic acoustic characteristics of these whistles are similar, and it was confirmed that these whistles produce sounds of approximately 3 kHz, which are similar to deer alarm calls or sounds of approximately 17-18 kHz. However, none of the sounds could be confirmed in the measurement experiments while the vehicle was running. The investigation of the sika deer reaction to the alert whistles sounds confirmed that the sika deer provided a vigilant reaction to the sounds of approximately 3 kHz and to those of deer alert played back through a loudspeaker.

著者

御田 成顕 細谷 忠嗣 井上 裕香子 伴 和幸 冨澤 奏子 松本 七海

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.25-33, 2021 (Released:2022-02-01)

参考文献数

22

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Zoos are expected to play a role in environmental education. However, zoos have not been able to provide sufficient opportunities for experiential learning to the age groups from the upper grades of elementary school to university students, who rarely have the opportunity to visit a zoo. Zoos are required to carry out various recruiting and public relations activities to increase the opportunities of coming to a zoo for these age groups. This study aimed to collect basic information relevant to pursuing the potential of zoos as a site of environmental education for these age groups. A questionnaire survey targeting 479 vocational school students in the city of Fukuoka was administered. As a result, zoos were generally recognized as a place for recreation. In contrast, some students interested in animals considered zoos to be a place for learning, and it is necessary to increase their satisfaction with this purpose. To enhance the role of the zoo as a place of environmental education, it is necessary to devise exhibitions in which animals can be enjoyed and to satisfy the basic requirements of visitors who visit for various purposes. It will be possible to promote the environmental education role of zoos by encouraging and arousing interest in the age group and connecting them to learning.

著者

三谷 奈保 諸澤 崇裕 山下 亮 喜岡 正吏 後藤 義仁 橋本 琢磨 北浦 賢次 山田 文雄 阿部 愼太郎 石川 拓哉

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.11-22, 2014-12-01 (Released:2017-06-16)

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The density of invasive alien mongooses on Amami-oshima Island has recently been controlled to a low level by trapping. Aiming for eradication, three dogs were specially trained to detect the location of the animals to improve the efficiency of trapping. The detection efficiency of the dogs was higher than the efficiency of sensor cameras and pipe-type kill traps in each area, which had different mongoose densities. It was also significantly higher in high density areas (p<0.05) and higher than those methods plus hair traps in lower density areas. Dogs could also contribute to capture by handlers. The capture rates of the dog handlers were lower than those of the pipe traps in higher densities areas. However, a mongoose was caught by a dog handler in an area where none had been caught in the past five years. It was revealed that detection dogs are a sensitive means that have the potential for capture by the handler. While it takes a few years to train a detection dog. The area that one pair of a detection dog and a handler could scan thoroughly in a year was estimated at 16-28 km^2. The utilization of detection dogs preferentially in extremely low density areas is considered to be efficient.

著者

寺尾 愛也 日野 貴文 吉田 剛司

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.1-10, 2014-12-01 (Released:2017-06-16)

被引用文献数

2

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The increasing number of deer-vehicle collisions (DVCs) has had a significant impact on public safety. Scientific countermeasures require the systematization of DVC data. In Japan, however, DVC countermeasures are still insufficient due to the lack of DVC data systematization. The objective of this study was to review the progressive approach used for DVC data systematization in Germany, North America (Canada and the USA.), Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Additionally, we describe the prospect of DVC data systematization in order to develop scientific countermeasures in Japan.

著者

鈴木 克哉

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.29-34, 2014-05-01 (Released:2017-06-16)

被引用文献数

2

著者

松浦 友紀子 伊吾田 宏正 寺田 千里 鈴木 正嗣

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.2, pp.1-8, 2015-07-01 (Released:2017-06-16)

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We carefully evaluated hunting incidents to identify risk factors and develop preventive measures. We analyzed 1,471 cases that were reported to the Japanese Hunting Association as fraternal insurance between 2007 and 2011. Most hunters responsible for the incidents were in their sixties and were veterans. Although these cases were treated as "hunting" incidents, the number of incidents associated with firearms was low. Only 144 (9.8%) of all "hunting" incidents were related to firearms, and 18.6% of the cases resulted in death. The most frequent factor responsible for firearm-related incidents was improper handling of firearms. In cases where the victim was mistaken for game, at least 61.5% of the victims were wearing fluorescent orange clothing. It was clear that the main cause of firearm-related incidents was violation of basic hunting rules. Therefore, a new qualification system is required for hunters and managers so that they can demonstrate their understanding of basic hunting principles.

著者

角田 裕志 和田 敏 安藤 正規

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.2, pp.39-46, 2017 (Released:2017-06-17)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2

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It is concerned that intensive browsing by sika deer (Cervus nippon) has caused declines and disappearances of vegetations in forest floor, resulting in degradations of forest ecosystems across Japan. To determine the effects of deer browsing on forest ecosystems in Gifu Prefecture, we surveyed the decline of understory vegetation in deciduous hardwood forests in 376 forest stands using the shrub-layer decline rank (SDR), which was assessed by combining the coverage of the shrub-layer vegetation and the presence of signs of browsing by sika deer in each forest stand. We found that remarkable declines of vegetations (i.e., shrub-layer vegetation coverage was less than 38%) due to deer browsing were observed in 31.1% of the surveyed stands. We then estimated the spatial distribution of SDR in deciduous hardwood forests, based on sampled data, using a spatial interpolation method in the Geographic Information System. The results of the spatial estimation indicated that remarkable vegetation declines due to deer browsing could be occurred in 22.2% of the forests (1,133.5 km2), mainly distributed western and central areas of the prefecture. Moreover, our findings indicated that effects of deer browsing on forest ecosystem have started to expand northward and eastward of the prefecture. For conservation of forest ecosystem, we suggest reinforcing sika deer culling in the northern and eastern areas of Gifu Prefecture, where numbers of deer caught were relatively smaller than those in the western and central areas.

著者

Taichi Fujii Kaoru Ueno Motoyasu Minami

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.13-18, 2019 (Released:2019-06-12)

参考文献数

21

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Identification of food plants in the diet of Japanese ptarmigan Lagopus mutus japonicus was conducted in the Northern Alps of Toyama Prefecture, Japan during August 2015. Thirty-three fecal samples were collected from a covey comprising a mother and five chicks. Partial sequences of the chloroplast rbcL gene were amplified by PCR using DNA extracted from feces to identify food plants. We identified a total of 22 plant taxa; 13 to species, five to genus, and four to family level. Rarefaction and extrapolated sampling curves revealed that this survey covered approximately 89% of food plant taxa present in the study area. Of the 14 plant families identified from the collected fecal samples, Ericaceae (78.8% of all 33 fecal samples), Apiaceae (24.2%) and Poaceae (24.2%) were dominant. The most dominant family was Ericaceae with seven taxa. The most frequently encountered plant species were Empetrum nigrum (63.6%), Tilingia ajanensis (24.2%) and Vaccinium ovalifolium (21.2%). Thus, the combination of DNA barcoding using fecal DNA and the rarefaction and extrapolation sampling curves are considered to be well suited for estimating the dominant food plants in the diet of the Japanese ptarmigan.