著者

大隈 慎吾

出版者

日本メディア学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, pp.23-34, 2019-01-31 (Released:2019-06-06)

参考文献数

11

---

This paper explores polling methods that provide alternatives to randomdigit dialing (RDD) as today’s mainstream. While no readily available alternativesare identified, potentially viable internet-based alternatives are beingdeveloped. For instance, responses from sample members could be sought byrequesting them to access polling websites through their PCs or smartphonesas specified on letters sent to them by postal mail. Another idea is to usemobile phones to call or send text (SMS) messages to intended targets torequest their responses via SMS. These potential alternatives still suffer froman insufficient response rate. Such internet-based polling must be continueduntil the response rate improves. Once the rate grows high enough, these alternativepolls can be conducted in place of RDD with confidence in the IT literacyof general voters who can respond to opinion polls online.

著者

谷本 奈徳

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

no.87, pp.246-247, 2015-07-31

著者

酒井 麻千子

出版者

日本メディア学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, pp.115-133, 2013-07-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

21

---

This article attempts to examine how photographic works were legally protected in the Meiji era (1868-1912) in Japan, and to show the unique features of these protections compared to other countries. In Japan, the first regulations of photography (shashin jorei) were enacted in 1876. It was partly because many photographers had demanded protection for those who incur considerable expenses to take pictures, and because the Home Ministry (Naimusho) had intended to regulate the photographic reproduction of protected works - especially books - without any prior consent by means of shashin jorei. By contrast, in other countries, such as France, Great Britain, and Germany, scholars, courts and authorities routinely discussed the artistic nature of photography for copyright protection because they viewed some photos as "mere mechanical process and unsuitable for the protection." This article points out two characteristics of protection concerning photos in Japan. First, shashin jorei was intended to regulate photographic reproduction unlike any other country. Under similar legislation - i.e., copyright laws - in other countries, reproduction of photos was obviously considered to be in violation of the law. Also, there was no argument about the nature of works that should be protected in Japan, such as "artistic nature" in Germany. In Japan, consideration concerning the nature of copyrighted works was still pushed aside in 1880, and finally - and unconsciously - introduced in the old copyright law of 1899.

著者

小黒 純

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, pp.219-220, 2015-07-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

著者

山森 宙史

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, pp.153-172, 2013-01-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

51

---

This study aims to reexamine the historical perceptions of the Japanese comic book medium, particularly the "magazine culture" which began in the late I960s, by tracing the historical process of creating "Shinshoban comics" during the 1960s and 1970s. Prior historical studies of postwar manga have not fully examined manga comic magazines, and manga has usually been defined as one type of comic magazine, not as its own independent form of media. Accordingly, in this article, I focus on the "Shinshoban comics" that predated present-day manga comics in order to understand the transformations in the comic industry during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Unlike the manga comics of today, due to the lack of modern industry and marketing systems, Shinshoban comics were very marginalized and crossed over various manga publishing borders. However, as series of Shinshoban comics based on particular comic magazines became the dominant publication style of manga comics, they were gradually perceived to be one type of comic magazine in the comic industry. Moreover, in the political and cultural climate of that time, the publication of some Shinshoban comics was delayed while others were screened out. Some of the works filtered out of the major public companies were published by small publishers as well as Kashihon publishers, which published for book-lending shops. As a result, though Shinshoban comics were subsumed by the comic publishing industry as a part of magazine culture, they were also relatively independent and established themselves as an original publishing medium. Therefore, an investigation of the historical process of creating Shinshoban comics clarifies that the industrialization centering around comic magazines produced by the major publishers beginning in the late 1960s contained within it a complexity that gave rise to an "independent" or "derivative" media culture.

著者

佐藤 潤司

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, pp.185-204, 2014-07-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2

---

In this paper, I will specifically and objectively identify critical opinions on the mass media that have developed on the Internet about a report giving the real names of the Japanese victims of the hostage crisis of January 2013 in Algeria, and consider the structural factors of such criticism. The targets of this analysis are 1262 cases of opinions output from highly-ranked Web pages displayed on a search engine listing using fixed criteria. 7.1% of the opinions supported the news report, 68.5% of opinions did not support it, with other opinions accounting for 24.4%. The results of an analysis of opinions that did not support the report by using a text-mining approach did not necessarily indicate criticisms of the report that used the real names of the victims, but were an accumulation of various feelings of distrust against the mass media expressed on the Internet that were triggered by this news report. In addition, opinions that did not support the report were formed using language structures peculiar to the Internet; namely, a cyber-cascade that began at the point where people critical of the mass media became sympathetic and radicalized as unclear information spread on the Internet.

著者

木村 忠正

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, pp.43-60, 2018-07-31 (Released:2018-10-13)

参考文献数

32

---

People’s activities on the Internet are becoming digitized, and substantiveanalysis methodologies such as quantitative content analysis and network analysisare developing rapidly. Meanwhile, they cultural anthropology is methodologicallycharacterized as essentially qualitative, with ethnography at their core.How can cultural anthropology approach our online activities and our lives ingeneral with the Internet as a component through the method of ethnography?It is necessary to fundamentally revisit the conventional methodology built onthe premise of the analog age with regard to ethnography in the context of thecyberspace field. Accordingly, cultural anthropologists who are interested in Internet studiesand communications researchers who engage in an ethnographic approach haveaccumulated diverse developments in methodological discussions surroundingonline ethnography, virtual ethnography, digital anthropology, and so on. Based on the author’s awareness of these issues and the developments inscientific discussions, has been proposed hybrid ethnography. The aim of thispaper is to clarify the methodological subject of media studies pertaining to thedigital network age based on the research the author conducted in online publicopinion as part of the larger framework of the changes in ethnographicalapproaches, while attempting to propose concrete arguments on the methodologyof hybrid ethnography by presenting research examples that include theelements of: 1. quantitative content analysis, 2. data structure analysis( variousmethods of multivariate analysis), and 3.( social) network analysis.

著者

宮﨑 悠二

出版者

日本メディア学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, pp.261-278, 2022-01-31 (Released:2022-03-29)

参考文献数

27

---

This article analyzes the emergence of kuchi komi (“word of mouth”) as a mode of information presentation in magazines from the 1980s to the early 1990s, from the perspective of social constructivism. The collection and presentation in the printed form of kuchi komi appeared in the 1980s and began to appear as a section in magazines in approximately 1990. Meanwhile, many texts introduced the influence of kuchi komi, which is not used as an object of formulation or to understand social trends, but rather, as a term to frame the information. Thus, kuchi komi in magazines and books expanded from “mention” to “use.” This article shows that the presentation of kuchi komi in printed form is important for the establishment of this mode of information.

著者

樋口 喜昭

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, pp.67-88, 2014-01-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

48

---

This paper first examines how the Japan Broadcasting Corporation broadcasted in each region prior to the Pacific War, and how they regarded regional characteristics in each broadcast, based on data from journals such as The Japan Broadcasting Corporation journal from that time, in order to clarify discussion of locality in broadcasts prior to the Pacific War. From this research, it is clear that the locality of early radio broadcasts in Japan had three different aspects as follows: 1) the locality of broadcasting that existed initially, 2) the subsequent centralization of Japanese Broadcasting, and 3) the resumption of local broadcasting for wartime emergency broadcasts. The first aspect stemmed from the fact the Corporation organized entertainment centered programs and had been trying to provide programs to suit the taste of listeners in each region. The second aspect stemmed from the fact when the ratio of program leadership grew nationwide, regionalism in broadcasting was often emphasized by the Corporation through strengthening central control, and it was possible to broadcast relative to the political background of the time. The third aspect stemmed from the fact since it had become necessary to acknowledge practical issues such as increased production and promotion of the war, local broadcasts were once again emphasized. The first and third aspects prioritize local circumstances in broadcasting for different reasons. However, the second aspect deals with standardized local broadcasts, used by the Corporation, to influence the Japanese public.

著者

加藤 裕治 舩戸 修一 武田 俊輔 祐成 保志

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, pp.165-183, 2014-07-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

27

---

In this paper, by interviewing the TV program creators of Akarui Noson-Mura no Kiroku, a program on agricultural affairs that was broadcast on NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) from the late 1950s to early 1980s, The authors examined the transition in the approach of the program's production and the viewpoints of the creators, and analyzed the construction process for the representational model of Japan's post-war agriculture and agricultural communities. Consequently, these interviews revealed the presence of a unique mind-set held by the program creators (a "village mentality") that differs from the rest of creators at NHK, and the process of the transition of their perspectives on agriculture and agricultural communities in relation with changes of the times throughout the years they worked with agriculture and agricultural communities. Mura no Kiroku, originally in line with agricultural affairs programs, was a program with the objective of providing education on and improving agriculture and its communities. From the mid-1960s onward, however, due to the rapidly changing agricultural environments and viewer demand, it became necessary to create a program from the perspective of agriculture and its communities as victims. At the same time, food and agriculture issues in the 1970s demanded a "critical perspective on agriculture and agricultural communities" to be included in the program. But at the end, neither the victimizing nor critical perspective on agriculture and rural villages was considered suitable for the program and its viewers. The transition in the perspectives of the creators of Mura no Kiroku is a history of broadcasting that reveals the construction process for the representational model of the post-war agriculture of Japan. Furthermore, based on these considerations, This paper presents a statement to the effect that the analysis of this program can be a threshold for the reevaluation of the relations between today's agriculture and rural villages on the one hand, and the television media on the other.

著者

丸山 友美

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, pp.143-162, 2019-07-31 (Released:2019-10-25)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

---

The purpose of this paper is to explore how television documentaries as aparticular mode of expression were formed through an investigation of thecomposition of sound recording as a prehistory of television documentaries. By tracing the genealogy of the radio programs Man on the Street, whichstarted broadcasting during the occupation of Japan at the end of World WarII, and Social Survey, one of its spinoffs, this paper examines the formation processof television documentaries from the following three points. First, thispaper focuses on the fact that particular documentary aesthetics were importedunder the leadership of the General Headquarters (GHQ), and examine thesemodes of expression within the dynamic of broadcast policy. Second, it examineshow Japanese staff who actually produced these programs merged theirideas with the occupation army’s to create a unique form of Japanese radio documentary.Thirdly, it demonstrates how the democratic program ideas presentedby GHQ became sharply distinguished as what would be called Rokuon-Kōsei. These points are investigated from a detailed technical, historical andformal analysis. This paper presents two concluding points: 1) that opinions of socially vulnerablecommunities became newly accessible in radio broadcasting afterWorld War II and 2) that this was made possible by a brusque and minimalistediting method that was developed with the intention of broadcasting thesesubaltern opinions with little modification. This genealogically leads us to thetelevision documentary The Real Face of Japan, which was produced with anew montage theory that until then had not been done in the documentariesand culture films, and was subsequently highly praised by documentarists andcritics. Thus, this paper offers a new analytical point of view for reviewingearly television documentaries through describing the formation process of documentarymodes of expression called Rokuon-Kōsei in earlier radio documentaries.

著者

東 園子

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, pp.31-45, 2013

---

Today, it is easy for ordinary people to widely disseminate their message and works over the Internet. Nevertheless, many people still disseminate information by paper media. For example, people known as otaku - fans of Japanese anime, manga, video games, etc. - often create fanzines binding manga and novels they produced themselves. They then sell these fanzines at events in Japan in which fanzines are sold. With the growth of the Internet, otaku also exhibit their works on the web. But many otaku, especially female otaku, still use paper media to publish their works. This paper considers the influences of electric media on paper media and the merits of using paper media as a tool for personal publications, by analyzing ways to use media in creative activities, and it also examines the female otaku's media awareness based on my research and interviews. Originally, fanzines created by otaku have four functions: publishing fan works, informing others about their creative activity, talking about one's favorite works and characters, and interacting with others who share the same interests. Events where trading fanzines takes place also have these four functions. As otaku use online tools for their creative activities, electric media have replaced paper media for informing others about their creative activity and discussing their favorite things. But paper media have advantages in publishing works and interacting with others. Paper media is more suitable for placing manga and treated better than electric media. By selling fanzines at events, otaku can enjoy face-to-face communication with others. They can also directly gauge the reader's response to their works. Works created by fans are provided free of charge on the Internet. On the other hand, fanzines are traded with money. The people I interviewed who create fanzines regard receiving payment for their works as a sign of appreciation for them. But readers enjoy their works without any cost on the web. So, creators of fanzines feel strongly that their readers should accept their works when they publish them by paper media rather than electric media. For these reasons, the creative female otaku I interviewed prefer paper media in this age of the rising Internet.

著者

小川 豊武

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, pp.89-107, 2014

---

The purpose of this paper is to clarify how the category that applies to young people was carried out in national newspapers in Japan. Recent research in Japan criticizing discourses on the youth in mass media through empirical data has increased. Researchers insist that many of the discourses on the youth were stereotypes that ignored their diversity. However, in the only studies that are intended to dismantle the clarity of discourses on the youth, the question of why non-empirical discourses have been accepted by the reading public has been overlooked. Given these issues of concern, this research uses conceptual analysis in ethnomethodical research to understand how the category that applies to young people was carried out. Ethnomethodology aims to clarify the operational norms that make it possible to understand their act by describing how people use categories and concepts. In precious studies, other researches have focused on seinen and wakamono: seinen roughly means youth while wakamono means young people. The subject of analysis is articles in national newspapers from the 1950s to the 1960s, which used seinen and wakamono categories. This analysis revealed that in mass media the carrying out of seinen and wakamono as categories actually had various activities. These categories were never intended to be only stereotypes, rather they have allowed for many activities other than understanding the actual conditions of young people. Seinen was associated with organized institutions, with strong ties to educational oppotunities for men and women. Wakamono was associated with non-institutional groups, and it was also associated with the mass media's self-describing and synthesizing practice. By way of this function, these categories were affecting the way of segmentation and how newspapers create an understanding of young people.

著者

佐藤 卓己

出版者

日本メディア学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.97, pp.47-63, 2020-07-31 (Released:2020-09-26)

参考文献数

28

---

In the works of the author, Takumi Sato, who has been changed from aGerman modern history scholar to a media historian, the concept of “Mass” hascrucial importance. This paper examines the role of the active masses who supportedthe Nazi regime, collating the arguments of George L. Mosse, Thenationalization of the masses; political symbolism and mass movements in Germanyfrom the Napoleonic wars through the Third Reich (1975=1994) andTakumi Sato, The Fascist Public Sphere; Media Studies of Total War (2018).The Nazi regime did not succeed due to manipulation of the masses throughpropaganda, but was instead supported by voluntary movements by the massesfor national consensus building. From this viewpoint, the framework of mediastudies on the fascist movements should be changed from “Nazi propaganda” to“Nazi public relations.” As an outstanding analysis during the time of Nazi propaganda,Serge Chakotin, The Rape of the Masses; The Psychology of TotalitarianPolitical Propaganda (1939) can be reread. In recent years, the book hasbeen republished and translated around the world, including an edition in Japanese(2019). What does the revival of this book mean? It shows that the bulleteffect theory functions as an excuse for the active masses who take part in thepolitical public sphere. Theoretically, the bullet effect theory was denied in the1950s by the limited effect theory. However, it is thought that its popularity hasnot abated because of the support by the nationalized masses in the informationsociety.

著者

丁 智恵

出版者

日本メディア学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, pp.111-131, 2013-01-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

---

This research examines how the image of the Other excluded from "national memory" was represented in Japanese television documentaries of the 1950s and 1960s as well as clarifies how intellectuals, journalists, and filmmakers had to resist the contradiction and incoherence of linking "public memory" with "national memory." After World War II, Japan's political, economic and social systems, which had maintained continuity before and during the war, were shaken substantially. Japanese recognition of their role in the war as promoted by the American General Headquarters lacked awareness of the perspective of the Asian nations Japan colonized. Nevertheless, critical television documentaries were made one after another during this time. This paper first examines how Asia's political, economic, and social history as well as changes in the skills and techniques necessary for making television programs influenced the representation of Korea in television documentaries. It then examines the changes in said representation by analyzing program images and interviewing the directors of several television documentary programs. First is Nihon no Sugao: Nihon no Naka no Chosen [The Real Japan: Korea in Japan] (1959: NHK), which was the first television documentary after the end of the war to focus on Koreans in Japan (Zainichi). Second is Daitokai no Ama [Women Divers in the Big City] (1965: Asahi Broadcast), which was made by Japan's first Korean television director. Finally, some documentary programs which portray Korean soldiers who were mobilized as part of the Japanese Army during the war are studied, including Wasurerareta Kogun [Forgotten Imperial Soldiers] (1963: Nihon Broadcast) , directed by Nagisa Oshima. Based on the findings of this study, I concluded that few documentary programs focused on Korea in the early days of television in Japan; however, those that did exist expressed some signs of responsibility for Japanese imperialism and colonialism in Korea.

著者

岡澤 康浩 團 康晃

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, pp.63-81, 2016

---

In this paper, we examine the role of literary taste among youth in Japan.Pierre Bourdieu's theory of taste assumes that individuals are ranked accordingto their taste from the most refined to the most vulgar. Reading novels appearsto be a perfect example of Bourdieu's theory, as reading is taught directly inschool. However, Bourdieu's theory seems to be at odds with the Japanese situation,where influential literary critics have witnessed the 'downfall' of onceesteemedliterature that, as they saw it, has now ceased to be relevant to societyand become merely entertainment. Even when the popularity of" light novels" and" cell phone novels" causedcontroversy in the 2000s regarding their quality due to the former's anime/manga-like characters and the latter's unconventional style of writing andexcessively sentimental plots, scholars and journalists countered the disparagingdiscourse on these supposedly "lowbrow" novels. Although Bourdieuassumes individuals to be taste-sensitive and taste to be a fundamental capitalin every field of cultural practice, for the case of novel reading in Japan, thisvery assumption must be called into question. Drawing from the 2010 Youth Culture and Communication Survey in Nerima(Tokyo), we explore whether literary taste is still relevant to the sense of distinctionamong young novel readers. We examine the difference between selfcategorizednovel hobbyists and non-hobbyist novel readers, and we testwhether what they read accounts for the gap between the two groups. The findings show that the types of novels are relevant to their self-categorization.In particular, those who read classical novels are more likely to regardreading novels as a hobby and those who read cell-phone novels are less likely.Against literary critics' skepticism about the cultural authority of literature inJapan, these findings indicate that even urban youth conform to the conventionalhierarchy of literary taste.

著者

真田 久

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, pp.63-80, 2015-01-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

19

---

This paper aims to shed light on the philosophy and activities of Jigoro Kano, the Japanese IOC member who oversaw the successful bid to hold the 1940 Olympic Games in Tokyo. Tokyo was chosen to host the twelfth Olympic Games at the 1936 IOC Session held in Berlin. At the time, Japan had withdrawn from the League of Nations and was becoming increasingly isolated from the rest of the world; in addition, it took nearly 20 days to travel from Europe to Japan, which would have been agonizing for European athletes. The reason why Kano's bid for the Olympic Games won despite such difficulties was because IOC members supported his view of the Tokyo Olympics, namely that the Olympics could lead to the creation of a truly global culture only if the Games were held in Asia. Jigoro Kano aimed to contribute to world peace through physical exercise, as shown in his 1922 declaration that physical and mental training were required as part of efforts to eliminate racial prejudices, to improve culture, and to achieve prosperity for all nations. However, for Tokyo's Olympic Committee members, the principal reasons for holding the Olympic Games in Tokyo were to contribute to improving physical conditions for the Japanese people guarding the home front as well as to publicize to the rest of the world the Japanese spirit of global unification represented by the Manchurian Incident. Their understanding differed greatly from Jigoro Kano's view of the Olympic Games.

著者

宇田川 敦史

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, pp.131-149, 2019-01-31 (Released:2019-06-06)

参考文献数

23

---

Rankings are ubiquitous forms of media in our daily life. In particular, rankingsof search engine results are one of the most commonly encountered media.However, most users are not aware of how web pages are ranked by searchengines and even the fact that search engine results are ranked. This meanssearch engines are “black-boxes” and rankings as a form of media are“obscured”. The purpose of this study is to clarify how this black-box andobscured media environment has been constructed by chronologically analyzingmajor personal computer magazines in the United States during the Web1.0era. This is a historical analysis of discourses regarding search engine rankingsand the World Wide Web in general.As a result, this study clarifies the following three conclusions. First, theWorld Wide Web was originally considered a plaything, like “web-surfing,”before becoming a tool for searching information. Secondly, tools for searchingwebpages changed from semantic directories to computational rankings. Lastly,discourse explaining computational technology gradually disappeared as a resultof a change in the search engine environment from over-competition to monopolization. Through this historical process, search engine rankings as media became“black-boxes” and implicit trust in the rankings were constructed. Consequently,users came to unconsciously consider only the top-ranked contents and rankingsas a form became obscured. This result suggests that the implicit trust inthese black-box platforms can potentially amplify “trolling” or “fake news.” Thestudy contributes to understanding how digital platforms affect daily communications,applying a media studies perspective.

著者

千葉 涼

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, pp.27-40, 2019-07-31 (Released:2019-10-25)

参考文献数

23

---

In content analysis, which is defined as a scientific method for objectivelyanalyzing messages in communication, there are various rules that must beadhered to―similar to the methods in other social sciences. In this article, theauthor focuses on whether reliability tests are carried out and verifies the currentstatus of content analysis in Journal of Mass Communication Studies. As aresult, the author found that the reliability tests required in content analysiswere not sufficiently carried out, and that stricter adherence to the rules wasnecessary. Furthermore, when considering the proliferation of data analysis utilizingcomputers with higher reproducibility, it becomes difficult to define contentanalysis as only a quantitative and empirical method. Because of this, therewill be a need in the future to consider the tradeoff between reliability andvalidity, which is an issue in content analysis, in order to establish a new rolefor it as a method for achieving a balance between the two.

著者

三谷 文栄

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, pp.205-224, 2010-07-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

16

---

The purpose of this paper is to examine the media's role in Japan's foreign policy process through revising R.M. Entman's model and analyzing a case with a revised model. In studies about the nexus of media and foreign policy, the media is not regarded as an actor who critically reports about a government's performance. Rather, preceding studies show that media preferentially covers information a government posts. However, the rapid spread of globalization after the Cold War helps heighten the linkage between domestic and foreign problems. This enables the public to access information about foreign countries much easier and requires us to reconsider media influence. This paper examines R.M. Entman's study, which has attracted special attention among the scholars in this field. His study proposed a model-the Cascade Model-for analysis of the nexus between foreign policy process and media's role (Entman 2004). This paper points out some problems of this model, and proposes a revised Cascade Model. Also it applies the revised model to Japan, specifically the Comfort Women Issue in 2007. As a case study, this paper analyses the interaction between the actions of political elite and news coverage of Asahi Shimbun, Yomiuri Shimbun, Mainichi Shimbun and Sankei Shimbun. In this case study, the argument that media preferentially covers a government's interpretation is not supported. On the contrary, the media criticizes the government from their point of view. Additionally, Prime Minister Abe made a decision to back off from his own belief that comfort women are prostitutes. Finally, he accepted the traditional government's interpretation, the Kono Statement, through the intervention of media and public opinion. In this case, a media frame which reflects the views of Japan's public and each media was found, and this frame pressured on Prime Minister Abe to accept the Kono Statement.