著者

渡辺 慶寿 西尾 貫一 広田 公一 滝沢 英夫 洩見 俊俊雄 豊田 博 遠藤 郁夫 小山 秀哉 菊池 武道 青山 昌夫 宮本 西嗣 山口 晃 北川 勇喜 中野 俶江 宮本 信好

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.5, 1971

著者

田中 励子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.5, pp.328-339, 1997-01-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

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In recent years young Japanese women have become conscious of their own bodies and many of them are trimming down their weight, led to research focusing on their slimming wish fulfillment. The purpose of this study is to clarify the forming slim body made up concretely between one's body and the social system, and it's interrelationship with socio-cultural context. In order to achieve this, the author have attempted to do field research; the interview and participant observation with nine junior college women. In the analysis of field data, the main results of slimming practice and socio-cultural background of slimness consciousness are summarized as follows. (1) The author makes up perspectives and framworkes in relation to cultural values with sex role and gender identity, beauty, attitudes towards fashion, eatinghabits and health status. (2) Young Japanese women lose their model as a mother, and are not in favor of motherly feminine body type. As a result, ideal feminine among them changes in one's self-image, body image and beautiful figure. They think the dominant ideal of female beauty was androgynous, adolescent body type. (3) Pursuit of slimness may be regarded as adjustment to present social requirement. (4) Popular magazines towards women seriously influence on their ideal body. And slim bodies play an important part in making distinction one's self from others as an opposition to "obesity/slimness". (5) The author discusses the socio-cultural context of forming slim bodies among young women, and explains their forming slim bodies by the concepts of "reforming" bodies. As reforming slim bodies lay self identity in compensation for self-independence in their ways.

著者

遠藤 保子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.4, pp.325-333, 1999-07-31 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

1

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Dance anthropology or the anthropology of dance has typically focused on the study of dance in non-Western, nonindustrialized or nonliterate societies. The discipline has changed, however, not only in terms of the types of cultures and societies it concerns itself with, but also in terms of its perspective on the subject matter. Through a careful cross-national review of the research literature, it is suggested that there have been three developmental stages in dance anthropology. The first stage was period of establishment. Early anthropologists, such as E. B. Tylor referred to dance activity by the evolutionary framework of the 19th century. In the early 20th century, under the direction of F. Boas, anthropologists in the US studied Native American cultures including the types and functions of dance in that society. Also in this period, British anthropologists like A. R. Radcliffe-Brown made contributions to the understanding of the value of dance in society. The next stage was the period of development. The first full articulation of dance anthropology is found in Panorama of Dance Ethnology by 'the mother of dance ethnology', G. P. Kurath (1960). Kurath discussed dance ethnology from three main standpoints: 1) common problems of choreology and anthropology, 2) choreographic procedures, 3) practical considerations. During the 1970s, J. Kealiinohomoku, A. P. Royce, A. L. Kaeppler, J. L. Hanna pursued a more anthropologically-oriented direction. Their subdiscipline has been termed 'dance anthropology', rather than dance ethnology, because it was informed by and addressed to prevailing anthropological theory. These researchers have published many papers dealing with the theory and methods of dance methodology. The final stage was the period of expansion. In 1979 J. L. Hanna used V. Tuner's poststructuralist framework to analyze the Ubakala dance-plays as mediators of Paradox in Nigeria. In Japan, from the 1970s dance researchers interested in anthropology gathered and analyzed data about the functions and structures of dance in Asia and Africa.

著者

吉田 毅

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.577-594, 2012 (Released:2012-12-05)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

1 1

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The purposes of this study were to identify, from a sociological perspective, the main factors involved in the process that a former J-League soccer player overcame the challenges and difficulties over retirement, and to find features that would be informative for athletes facing problems related to retirement from sport. This J-Leaguer became wheelchair-bound after being severely disabled in a traffic accident, and was able to overcome various challenges and difficulties through a career transition to wheelchair basketball. His life history was investigated on the basis of data recorded mainly during interviews. This study was based on the subjective socialization theory, especially Erikson's theory of identity related to subjective action, which is considered to partly overcome the problems associated with contemporary socialization theory, with special reference to the specific significance of individuals who helped the subject to overcome his difficulties. The difficulties he experienced were related to both retirement and life with a walking disability, the former being in conflict with the subject's strong self-identity as an elite soccer player. The presence of “irreplaceable others”, including his wife who devoted herself to his support and their newborn baby, his sense of responsibility for them, and his pride based on self-identity enabled him to exercise his subjectivity (reflexivity), allowing him to overcome his difficulties. In terms of his career transition to wheelchair basketball, “leading others” and “associates” in a wheelchair basketball club played important roles. When athletes retire as players, the following points are considered important for overcoming their associated difficulties. It is vital that the new change of career is well balanced with the athlete's self-identity. The role of others such as “leading others” is influential in finding a suitable career field. Furthermore, it should not be overlooked that the feelings of athletes that allow them to exercise their subjectivity to overcome their difficulties, “irreplaceable others”, self-identity which is the main source of such inner feelings, and “associates” in a supporting role are all valuable in this respect.

著者

林 直亨 宮本 忠吉

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.137-143, 2009-06-30 (Released:2009-11-05)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2 4

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To investigate the effect of resistance training at lower than the recommended frequency (2–3 times a week) on muscular strength, we recruited 103 college students (67 males 61±8 kg, 36 females 51±4 kg, mean±SD) who had never regularly engaged in resistance training. They performed resistance training in a PE class once a week for seven to ten weeks. We measured one repetition maximum (1 RM) for the bench press and arm curl, and the girth of the thigh and upper arm before and after the training. The training included stretching, three sets of ten repetitions on a bench press, half squat lift, arm curl and three types of training chosen by each subject. The weight load was 10 RM, which was progressively increased; when the subject succeeded in lifting a load ten times at the first set, the load was increased in the following week. After the training period 1RM was increased by more than 10% compared with that before training, for either the bench press or the arm curl, in all subjects. The 1 RM for the bench press significantly increased from 46±9 kg to 54±9 kg in males, and from 22±4 kg to 28±5 kg in females, and that for the arm curl also increased significantly. No significant change was found in the girth of the thigh and upper arm. On the other hand, 49 male students who undertook softball in a PE class did not show any significant change in 1 RM after the eight-week control period, compared to that before the period. These results demonstrate that resistance training at a frequency lower than the recommended one increases muscular strength in college students, possibly through adaptations in the nervous system.

著者

西尾 達雄 油野 利博

出版者

日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.4, pp.205-220, 1995-11-10

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Until now Michiaki Nagai has been regarded as a deserving person of school physical education reform, and there have been many studies about his school physical education theory. But no analysis has been made on the subject of his national physical education theory. Nagai who took a leading role in a school physical education reform from the late Meiji era to early years in the Taisyo did not have school physical education in mind as a problem limited to school. He described on his book titled "The Essence of School Gymnastics" published in 1913 that we could not realize a people of strong physique until the physical education should be practiced equally in families, schools, the military, and among the public with connection with and support from each other. In this paper an attempt is made to examine the process of development of his national physical education theory and to make clear its purpose, contents and method. The present study can be summarized as follows: 1) Nagai studied abroad to work out a policy for national physical education. And then with the experiences he would try to present a national physical education theory in an appropriate form to our country. The purpose of Nagai's national physical education is, physically, to build up a strong and active body with which people could survive a civilized society in which only the fittest can survive, and spiritually, to cultivate the samurai mentality that was a characteristic of our race, and then to encourage a foundation of Emperor's system through upbringing people of 'spirits'. 2) Nagai paid attention to the fact that in Europe and America, each government enforced public physical recreation as a public measure a long time ago, and planed to connect a school physical education both with public physical recreation and military physical education. In Europe and America people, very aware of the importance of physical education, exercised a family gymnastics vigorously. Nagai learned the contents and methods, and then he tried to execute national physical education in a way that family physical education was closely connected with physical education at schools and military institutions, and public physical recreation in Japan, too. But in our country people were retarded in awareness of the importance of public physical recreation and the economic situation was poor. So Nagai planed to fill up school physical education and to connect it with public physical recreation. 3) Nagai's plans of public physical recreation work were, firstly to found suitable facilities for physical recreation available for people from childhood to old age, secondly, to open school facilities, and thirdly, to invigorate young men's associations. And he thought that school teachers should take the lead and promote the plan in cooperation with the army and municipal authorities to attain these objectives. On the measures for public physical recreation, he took a serious view of young men's physical education. It was for the sake of the vitality of the nation and for the military in a broad sense, and for individuals in a narrow sense. 4) Nagai insisted on practice of family gymnastics to make up for a difficulty of public physical recreation work. He hoped that at first people of middle class and upper became an example of family physical education and then they should spread it to lower class. 5) Especially Nagai's serious point of view on exercise practice was to make people recognize a necessity of exercise rather than to make them take an interest in it. He insisted to practice national physical education as a discipline with an educational intention. Therefore Nagai's methods and contents of national physical education laid stress on a gymnastics.

著者

西尾 達雄

出版者

日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.13-22, 1983-06-01

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The purpose of this study is to consider the meaning of Rousseau's theory of physical education by examining how his recognition on the history and the urgent problems of the body affected his view of the body. Rousseau recognized the process of civilized society formation in the legislation of "private ownership system" caused by the dependent relation with others which had been resulted from the development of "perfectibilité." On the basis of such historical recognition he grasped the man as being destroyed his "free body" by the interdependence. It was the problem of "physical retrogression." This schema acquired greater importance in the age of "crisis and revolution." Ce fastueux imbécile qui ne sait point user de lui-même et ne met son etre que dans ce qui est étranger a lui (the luxurious imbecile who doesn't know the use of himself and leaves himself to others) can't live any more in the age of change. To live in such an age, man needs to have the body that acts "whenever and any where." The body such conceived was essentially different from the image of man living in“the prosperity of the comming commercial society" which "the theory of the civil physical education" had seeked for. Though the image of the body Rousseau wished for was set up as a modern problem, it had "universal" nature transcendent of the age.

著者

石井 孝治 青柳 照夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.5, 1969

著者

山本 教人

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.6, pp.641-650, 2005-11-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

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The objective of this study was to treat media texts on sports as narratives, and then analyze their structure. In order to do so, a content analysis was performed on articles appearing in The Nishinippon Shimbun reporting the 51st Around The Kyushu Ekiden (long-distance relay race) held from November 1st to 10^<th>, 2002. It was confirmed that in these articles, various narratives appeared, such as "Competition Between Teams", "Competition Between Individuals, or Heroes' Achievements", "The Character of Kyushu", "Family Relationships", "Revival", "Revenge", "Love of Home Town", "The Relationship Between Generations", "Gratitude To One's Teammates", "The Tradition of Around The Kyushu Ekiden", and so on. The Around The Kyushu Ekiden narratives according to the media are structured so that the central story "Competition Between Teams" is connected with various sub-plots concerning competition, such as "Competition Between Individuals, or Heroes' Achievements", thus further asserting its position as part of other plots. In conclusion, it may be thought that the Around The Kyushu Ekiden narratives are structured to maximize the diversity of narration, or alternatively that a limit is placed on this diversity, or that such diversity can be added to a limited narration.

著者

津田 龍佑 篠崎 徹 田神 昭 後藤 邦夫 高松 薫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.5, pp.405-417, 2007 (Released:2007-10-25)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of playing mini-games of soccer for improvement of physical fitness. The subjects were 21 students at I junior high school (I Group) and 22 students at S junior high school (S Group). Group I played a mini-game with changed rules, whereas group S played the full game, each over a period of three weeks (6 physical education classes). Before and after the classes, skill tests (passing and dribbling), fitness tests (150m sprint with changing direction ; 25m×6 times, rest interval 30s), and a test game were conducted. In addition, an after-class questionnaire on knowledge, how to learn and skill of soccer was conducted. The main results were as follows : 1) The results of the passing and dribbling tests were improved significantly after classes using the mini-game. There was no significant improvement in the results of the first set of 150-m sprints with a change in direction after classes in both group, whereas the mean time for 6 sprints was improved significantly after classes in both groups. 2) There were no significant differences in the number of ball touches, heart rate or RPE in test games after classes in both groups, whereas the total movement distance was decreased significantly after classes using the full game. 3) In the questionnaire after the test game, almost every item on technique (coordination), physical fitness and mentality tended to have a higher score after classes using the mini game. On the other hand, after classes using the full game each mentality-related item tended to have a higher score, whereas items related to technique (coordination) and physical fitness tended to score the same or lower. 4) In the questionnaire after the class, there was no wide difference in knowledge of soccer between both groups, whereas items related to how to learn and skill of soccer tended to score higher in the former than in the latter. These results suggest that improvement of energy-related physical fitness could be obtained without compromising students' interest, volition and attitude regardless of whether they played the mini-game or the full game, although use of the mini-game led to an effective improvement of technique (coordination) without decreasing students' consciousness of how to learn soccer skills.

著者

坂本 拓弥

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.505-521, 2013

被引用文献数

3

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the formation process of body culture, i.e., gestures and behavior, of physical education teachers in Japan based on phenomenological body theory, and to present a theoretical basis for the most desirable "PE teacher identity". It has been pointed out that PE teacher body culture has a variety of influences on students. However, how a teacher acquires body culture has never been sufficiently considered. Therefore the paper focuses on the phenomenological body theory that suggests the relationship between habits and the perceptual experience of body culture formation.<br>   The main points of discussion are as follows:<br>   Previous studies have shown that the image of the PE teacher as a coach has been well established, and that clarification of the process of body culture formation is warranted. In previous studies, the body culture of PE teachers has been discussed mainly in terms of 'habitus'. However, it has not been clarified how individual PE teachers embody such a culture. Phenomenological body theory indicates that acquisition of habit involves reworking and renewal of the body schema through perception influenced by culture. Based on this, analysis of corporal punishment as a typical example of body culture in school athletic clubs can be used to clarify the model formation of PE teacher's body culture. PE teachers' thoughts and behavior are unconsciously formed as a "body schema" through experience of school athletic clubs where a coach's one-sided method of instruction is almost unconditionally accepted by students striving to acquire athletic success.<br>   In conclusion, "PE teacher identity" is formed on the basis of original body culture, and is embodied as a habit through unconscious processes. This is why PE teachers seldom notice their behavior, and thus do not change or improve it. It is only through a "body schema" and perceptual experience that a PE teacher's thoughts and behavior, "PE teacher identity", can be reconstructed. The possibility of PE teacher body theory can be established on the basis of this viewpoint.<br>

著者

黒木 俊弘

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.5, pp.20, 1967-07-05 (Released:2016-12-31)

著者

淺井 雄輔

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.21-32, 2017 (Released:2017-06-22)

参考文献数

18

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the game process on perception of “streaks” in volleyball games. The study was conducted using video experiments and a questionnaire. The study subjects were 121 university volleyball players, who watched a video of a volleyball game and were asked in the questionnaire to estimate the degree of “streaks” at the end of every rally. They rated the degree of “streaks” on an 11-point Likert scale ranging from −5=extremely poor, to 0=even, to +5= extremely good. The subjects were split into 2 groups, one of which watched VTR-A and the other VTR-B. In addition, the group that watched VTR-A was separated according to the time spent watching. One group watched all of the VTR (called VTR-A-1), and the other group watched an A team 11 vs a B team 11 (VTR-A-2, the score being indicated as A11-11B hereafter). ANOVA was used to test the likelihood that the group watched VTR-B (VTR-B-1, VTR-B-2) from A11-11B to the end of the game with the aim of revealing differences between every rally in detail. T-test was used to reveal differences between the effects of the game process. The results indicated that the VTR-A group was strongly influenced by the game process, whereas the VTR-B was affected only slightly.  In giving advice for volleyball practice, our findings suggest that if players perceive they are in a bad situation, adoption of a positive way of thinking may improve the game situation.

著者

長谷川 宏一 浅川 正一 古藤 高良 川上 啓治 三沢 光男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, 1964

著者

小倉 幸雄 井上 芳光 内之宮 愛子 北村 優佳 大森 隆裕 大上 安奈 Jason Kai Wei Lee 近藤 徳彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.607-619, 2016 (Released:2016-12-14)

参考文献数

41

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We examined the effects of different fluid temperatures of 5, 15, 25, and 35℃ on thermoregulatory responses during prolonged exercise in the heat because it is speculated that fluid at temperatures of between 5 and 15℃, as recommended by the Japan Sports Association, would have different effects on thermoregulatory parameters. Six men from an university track and field team performed 4 sets of cycling exercise (one set=15-min exercise with a 5-min rest period) at 50%VO2max under conditions of 32℃ and 60% relative humidity. The volume of water provided was 80% of the total sweat rate in the non-drinking (control) trial divided by 4 equal aliquots. The increase in rectal temperature, mean skin temperature and mean body temperature during exercise showed no significant differences across all the fluid temperatures. Similarly, local sweat rate, skin blood flow and cutaneous vascular conductance were similar among the conditions. These results suggest that iso-volumetric fluids with varying temperatures (5-35℃) have no effect on rectal temperature and heat loss responses during prolonged exercise in a hot environment.

著者

滝沢 光三 村上 貞次 伊藤 金得 阿部 忍 丸山 哲郎 中村 伊三郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, 1966

著者

大家 利之 荒牧 勇 北川 薫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.12060, (Released:2013-07-08)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

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Purpose: Recovery condition is classified into two major categories during short-duration (<6 s) intermittent sprint exercise: active recovery (AR) and passive recovery (PR). Performance in passive trials is superior to active trials during short-duration intermittent sprint exercise. The effect of AR intensity on performance during short-duration intermittent sprint exercise remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of recovery conditions (active vs. passive) and exercise intensity of the recovery period on performance, as well as muscle oxygenation during short-duration intermittent exercise. Methods: Ten subjects performed a graded test and ten 5-s maximal sprints with 25 s of PR or AR between sprints on a cycle ergometer. Exercise intensity of AR was adjusted to 15% (AR15), 25% (AR25), or 40% (AR40) of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and these were randomly assigned. Peak power and percentage decrement in power were determined during the intermittent sprint exercise. Oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin were also measured using near-infrared spectroscopy. Results: Peak power values were significantly higher with PR than with AR40 (P<0.05). The percentage of peak power decrement was significantly lower with PR than with AR40 (8.4±2.9% vs. 10.9±3.6%, P<0.05). O2Hb variation was significantly higher with PR than with AR40 (27.9±9.6% vs. 20.6±6.0%, P<0.05). Conclusion: AR40 is associated with reduced sprint performance and lower muscular reoxygenation. Performance with AR is not inferior compared with PR if AR is less than 25% of VO2max during short-duration intermittent exercise.

著者

笹山 健作 西原 智子 大口 正行 芝田 孝 足立 稔

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.16045, (Released:2017-01-13)

参考文献数

29

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This study examined changes in attitude toward endurance running in senior high school students with different levels of physical fitness, and this study assessed mood and calculation functions of students before and after endurance running. The participants were 250 senior high school students (119 boys and 131 girls). Endurance running was practiced at a slow pace (slow jogging pace; heart rate: 30-35 [15 s]; rate of perceived exertion (RPE): 11-13). Attitudes toward endurance running were assessed before and after the unit using a questionnaire. Attitudes toward endurance running, more specifically positivity and importance, were calculated in terms of a positive feeling score and cognitive score. In addition, negative attitudes toward endurance running were expressed as a negative feeling score. Changes in mood and calculation function were investigated in the participants and a control group. In the control group, comprising 75 boys and 41 girls, the changes of mood and calculation function were assessed before and after a health class. After the unit, the positive feeling and cognitive score increased significantly and the negative feeling score decreased significantly in both the lower and higher fitness groups. After endurance running, although levels of arousal in the control group were not increased in both boys and girls, arousal levels were increased significantly in both sexes in both the lower and higher fitness groups. The degree of mood change and the degree of attitude change were related significantly to the degree of change in perceived pleasure and the change in the positive feeling score for boys in the higher fitness group. Moreover, the degree of change in perceived pleasure and the degree of change in the positive and negative feeling scores were related significantly for girls in the lower fitness group. These results suggest that slow jogging in a unit, involving how students experience mood and calculation functions, leads to an increase in positive attitude toward endurance running. However, further investigation is necessary to examine the influence of slow jogging on mood and calculation functions, and the influence on attitude toward endurance running in this type of unit.

著者

伊藤 明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.20, 1958 (Released:2016-12-31)

著者

朝倉 雅史 清水 紀宏

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.29-51, 2014 (Released:2014-06-13)

参考文献数

96

被引用文献数

2

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The professional development of a physical education (PE) teacher occurs within a variety of experiences that become resources for the teacher to learn from. However, to gain experience does not necessarily mean development. Development through learning by experience is influenced by the beliefs that the person has. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition and function of PE teacher beliefs—especially “image of what a teacher is” and “vocational beliefs” that influence their professional development. In addition, we classified PE teachers by their beliefs, and examined their development status with a focus on the relevance of experiences for changing a teacher's ideals. A questionnaire survey was conducted. Data were collected from a sample of 634 junior high school and high school PE teachers. The main findings are summarized below.   1)  Factor analysis of data revealed that the PE teachers' image of what a teacher is comprised 4 factors: “leader”, “supervisor”, “supporter of learning” and “team member”, and vocational beliefs comprised 7 factors: “emphasizing public values”, “self-actualization”, “pursuit of pioneering teaching practices”, “emphasizing students”, “professional exclusiveness”, “exercise of autonomy” and “research orientation”.   2)  The teachers were classified by image of what a teacher is into 2 types: “supervisor” and “supporter”. The teachers were classified by vocational beliefs into 5 types: “self-actualization”, “emphasizing students”, “open-minded beliefs”, “self-righteous” and “close-minded beliefs”. The ratios of young teachers classified into “supervisor” and “emphasizing students” were significantly larger than that of experienced teachers. The ratios of experienced teachers classified into “supporter”, “self-actualization” and “self-righteous” were significantly larger than that of young teachers.   3)  Factor analysis of data revealed that experiences comprised 5 factors: “reflecting on teaching practice”, “knowledge acquisition”, “conversing with fellow teachers”, “observing and opening up one's own teaching practices” and “hard experiences”. Experienced teachers were more passive in their experiences, except “knowledge acquisition”, than younger teachers. For more experienced teachers, having positive experiences was more effective for changing ideals.   4)  Teachers classified as the “open-minded beliefs” type were more willing to experience a variety of things than the “close-minded beliefs” type teachers. Regression analysis of data revealed that “emphasizing public values”, “pursuit of pioneering teaching practices” and “research orientation” correlated significantly and positively with experience. But “professional exclusiveness”, “exercise of autonomy” and years of service correlated significantly and negatively with experience.