著者

尾県 貢 生田 香明 猪熊 真 関岡 康雄 大山 良徳 近藤 潤

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.69-78, 1988-06-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

1

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The skipping is the movement modeled after sprint running. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of skipping training on physical fitness, sprint ability and sprinting form. Nine non-athlete male university students participated in the training consisted of skipping exercises three days per week for eight weeks. The experiment was performed before and after the training period. The experiment was composed of measuring physical fitness and filming 100 m dash. Variables of analysis were: 1) back strength, vertical jump, stepping effeciency while sitting on a chair, 2) maximum anaerobic power, 3) isokinetic peak torque and isokinetic endurance of knee extension and flexion, and hip flexion, 4) 100m sprint record, and sprint record in each 20m sections, 5) running velocity, step frequency and step length, 6) thigh angle and angular velocity, and knee angle and angular velocity, 7) time for one step, support time and nonsupport time, 8) locus of ankle around trochanter major. Results were as follows: 1. Factors of physical fitness such as back strength, maximum anaerobic power and isokinetic peak torque were significantly improved after training. 2. 100m sprint record was significantly shortened, due to the increase of step frequency. 3. After training, the maximum running velocity was kept up for a longer period, and running velocity in 80 m to 100 m became remarkably faster. 4. After training, time for one step and nonsupport time were significantly shortened. 5. The knee lift during recovery phase became significantly higher. 6. The angular velocity of thigh of recovery leg became significantly faster. It is concluded that the skipping training for eight weeks improves sprint ability, sprinting form and physical fitness related to sprint running.

著者

久保 正秋

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.5, pp.485-490, 2002

被引用文献数

1

著者

鈴木 正

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.254, 1959-09-30 (Released:2016-12-31)

著者

大島 雄治 藤井 範久

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.115-131, 2016

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the function of torques exerted by the joints of the lower trunk during maximal velocity sprinting. Eight male track and field athletes volunteered, and sprinted 60 m from a standing start position. The ground reaction force of the support leg was determined using a force platform (1000 Hz), which was placed at the 50-m mark from the start position. Simultaneously, 3D coordinates were recorded with a motion analysis system (250 Hz) using 20 cameras (MX-T20). The joint torques were calculated using inverse dynamics. The contribution of joint torques to the right and left hip joint forces, and the torso joint force, was calculated by a method that simultaneously solves equations of motion for each segment and equations of constraint conditions for adjacent segments connected by a joint. The main results were as follows: (1) During the terminal support phase (80-100% normalized time), the angular velocity of anterior rotation of the pelvis decreased and participants in whom this angular velocity decrease was diminished ran faster (p<0.10). (2) During terminal support, the hip joint adduction torque of the support leg and the anterior rotation torque of the torso joint rotated the pelvis forward. The moment of the right and left hip joint forces rotated the pelvis backward. (3) During terminal support, the hip joint force of the support leg was generated by its hip joint flexion and adduction torque, the hip joint extension torque of the recovery leg, and the anterior rotation torque of the torso joint. In contrast, the hip joint force of the recovery leg was generated by the hip joint flexion and adduction torque of the support leg, and the anterior rotation torque of the torso joint. (4) During terminal support, the hip joint flexion torque exerted by the support leg rotated the pelvis backward. The hip joint adduction torque of the support leg and the anterior rotation torque of the torso joint rotated the pelvis forward. Previous studies showed that the hip flexion torque drives the leg forward from the hip joint extension position. This present study has clarified that the hip joint adduction torque of the support leg and the anterior rotation torque of the torso joint nullify backward rotation of the pelvis due to the hip joint flexion torque exerted by the support leg.Keyword: equation of constraint condition for adjacent segments connected by a joint

著者

尾縣 貢 安井 年文 大山〓 圭悟 山崎 一彦 苅部 俊二 高本 恵美 伊藤 穣 森田 正利 関岡 康雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.3, pp.422-432, 2000-05-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

1

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A study was conducted to examine the relationship between the physical characteristics and race patterns of 400-m running in three elite 400-m runners.The experiments were composed of a physical fitness test and an analysis of 400-m race patterns.Maximal O_2 intake, maximal anaerobic power, isokinetic muscular endurance and isokinetic maximum muscular power were evaluated in a laboratory.Final 400-m races in the Japan Championship and the National Sports Festival were filmed using video cameras, and analyzed to calculate the changes in running speed during the 400-m distance.In accordance with the race analysis results, the three 400-m runners were divided into two types.One was the "even pace"type, which showed a tendency to maintain a higher running speed until the finish of the race.The other was the "first half"type, which showed the highest speed from the start until the 190-m point.The even pace type had a higher maximal O_2 intake and isokinetic muscular endurance of the lower limbs.The first half type was a good record holder over 100-m and 200-m distances.These results indicate that physical characteristics influence the race pattern of 400-m running.

著者

渡邉 信晃 榎本 好孝 大山〓 圭悟 狩野 豊 安井 年文 宮下 憲 久野 譜也 勝田 茂

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.4, pp.520-529, 2000-07-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

5 3

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The purposes of this study were 1)to investigate the relationship between sprint running performance and isokinetic hip strength, and 2)to clarify the muscles that are important in sprinting from the standpoint of isokinetic strength and muscle cross-sectional area(CSA).Sixteen male(100m sprinting time 10.99±0.46s)and 12 female(12.50±0.44s)subjects ran 60m and their sprinting speed was measured from 30 to 60m.Isokinetic strength of hip and knee flexion and extension(Nm)were mesured at 60, 180 and 300 deg/s.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)was used to determine the muscle cross-sectional area of the thigh(upper, middle and lower femur)and trunk.In females, there were no significant correlations between sprinting speed and isokinetic strength.In males, there were significant correlations between sprinting speed and hip strength(absolute value)at all angular velocities(r=0.51-0.75, p<0.05-0.01), except for hip extension at 300 deg/s.Extension at 60 deg/s was significant(r=0.64, p<0.01)only in the male knee.In males, there were significant correlations between the peak torque of hip extension and muscle CSAs of the hamstring and adductor(r=0.50-0.63, p<0.05-0.01), as well as between the peak torque of hip flexion and muscle CSAs of the psoas major and adductor(r=0.59-0.83, p<0.05-0.001).These results suggest that sprint running performance in males is influenced by the strength of hip flexion and extension.In addition, the muscle volume of the hamstring, adductor and psoas major muscles appears to play an important roles during sprint running in males.

著者

豊嶋 陵司 田内 健二 遠藤 俊典 礒 繁雄 桜井 伸二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.197-208, 2015 (Released:2015-06-13)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

5 3

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the biomechanical factors that influence intra-individual variations in step frequency (SF) and length (SL) during sprint running. One male sprinter participated as a study subject, and performed a 60-m sprint at maximal effort. Experiments were conducted 5 times, with a total number of 14 trials. The ground reaction force and positions of markers attached to the joints were recorded using force plates and a motion capture system. Trials were divided into SF type and SL type depending on the SF/SL ratio, and the kinematic variables and ground reaction force were compared. The main results were as follows.   1)  There were no significant differences in sprint velocity and stance time between the SF type and the SL type.   2)  The flight time of the SL type was longer than that of the SF type.   3)  Vertical components of the ground reaction force and impulse during the stance phase were larger for the SL type than for the SF type.   4)  The thigh angle of the swing leg was larger for the SL type than for the SF type during almost all phases.   5)  The hip joint of the swing leg was flexed to a greater degree during the stance phase and first half of the flight phase for the SL type than for the SF type.   6)  There were no marked differences in the segment and joint angular velocities between the SF type and the SL type.   These results indicate that changes in step frequency and step length with flight time are due to an increase or decrease of vertical impulse. Moreover, it was revealed that vertical impulse is influenced by the thigh angle of the swing leg during the stance phase, rather than by the angular velocity of the swing leg.

著者

岸野 力 武田 剛

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.659-672, 2018-12-10 (Released:2018-12-20)

参考文献数

17

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between towing force during tethered swimming with different high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols using an elastic cord and front crawl swimming velocity, and to suggest the use of towing force parameters based on the results. Ten college male competitive swimmers participated in the experiments, which involved towing force measurements during front crawl swimming using 3 protocols of HIIT and time trials over 25m, 50m, 100m, and 200m. The 3 HIIT protocols were 8 sets of tethered 20s trials with 10s rest time intervals (“TABATA protocol”, 20―10s protocol), 8 sets of tethered 8s trials with 12s rest time intervals (8―12s protocol), and 2 sessions of 5 sets of tethered 5s trials with 10s rest time intervals (5―10s protocol). The swimmers were connected to a load cell using an elastic cord to measure the towing force during tethered swimming. The times taken for the 25m, 50m, 100m, and 200m distances were recorded by counting the number of frames in the video footages. The critical speed (CS) was calculated using a regression formula from the distances and the times required for the time trials. Simple linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between the towing force and mean velocity from the front crawl time-trials. The maximum towing force during all of the HIIT protocols was significantly correlated with the mean velocity for all distances and CS, and the regression formula was significant (p<0.05). Mean towing force during all of the HIIT protocols was significantly correlated with the mean velocity for 200m and CS, and the regression formula was significant (p<0.05). Logarithmic approximation of the time-force curves (peak and mean forces in each set) during HIIT was valid, and the y-intercept (towing force) of the approximation formula were significantly and negatively correlated with the mean velocity for all distances (25―200m and CS) and all HIIT protocols, the regression formula also being significant (p<0.05). From the viewpoint of feedback, the mean towing force during HIIT was useful for evaluating the workout effort during HIIT during tethered swimming using an elastic cord. The Y-intercept of the approximation formula from the maximal or mean forces during HIIT was best for evaluating the workout effort, although arithmetic processing of the logarithmic approximation will be required.

著者

田路 秀樹 金子 公宥

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.1-8, 2012 (Released:2012-06-02)

参考文献数

29

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the force-velocity-power relationships of the ankle plantar-flexors and dorsi-flexors to clarify details of muscle dynamics in elderly males. A total of 15 elderly males ranging in age from 65 to 73 years, and 15 male college students aged 18 to 22 years, were enrolled. In previous studies, force-velocity of the ankle joint muscle had been estimated without measuring higher velocities with an isokinetic machine. Therefore, a specially designed machine was used to determine the force-velocity relationships directly by measuring all of the velocity conditions from 0 to maximum. The force and velocity values including the maximum muscle force (Fmax), maximum velocity (Vmax), and maximum power (Pmax) were measured using the after-load method. The results showed that the force and velocity values were well fitted to the Hill characteristic equation: (F+a)(V+b)=(Fmax+a) b for both ankle plantar-flexors and dorsi-flexors in both the elderly and college groups. The elderly group showed significantly lower values for the primary parameters Fmax, Vmax, and Pmax than the college group for both the ankle plantar-flexors and dorsi-flexors. Because of the higher a/Fmax in the elderly group, the maximum power of plantar-flexion in this group appeared relatively higher than in the college group. Overall, it was concluded that the ankle joint muscles of elderly individuals showed a unique fit to the Hill characteristic equation.

著者

山地 啓司 横山 奉行

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.167-179, 1987-12-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

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The purpose of the present short review was to evaluate the relationship between the percent increase in Vo_2max (% Vo_2max) and intensity, duration, frequency, period of training, the initial fitness level (Vo_2max) and age, as a reexamination of various studies on different populations with different protocols regarding endurance training. Close connection was recognized between the magnitude of improving Vo_2max and the duration and period of training in male and the frequency of training in female. More important factors found to improve Vo_2max were initial fitness levels of the individuals in male and female, i. e., one with lower initial scores showed a greater percent increase. Furthermore, the present study had shown that minimum training thresholds for improving Vo_2max were 40-50% Vo_2max for intensity, 20-30min/session for duration, 2-3 sessions/wk for frequency and several weeks for period of training.

著者

渋倉 崇行 西田 保 佐々木 万丈 北村 勝朗 磯貝 浩久

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.563-581, 2018-12-10 (Released:2018-12-20)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

1

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This study examined the psychosocial skills of high school extracurricular sports activities and their generalization to student daily life. In a preliminary study, we collected a wide range of psychosocial skills related to extracurricular sports activities experienced by members of high school sports clubs, and then selected questionnaire items that would be used in the present study. In Survey 1, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using data collected from 376 members of high school extracurricular sports clubs (265 males, 111 females) to develop two scales, one measuring psychosocial skills in extracurricular sports activities, and the other psychosocial skills in daily life. The validity and reliability of these two 9-subscale tools, both of which comprised the same items, were thus confirmed. In Survey 2, the two scales developed in Survey 1 were used to conduct three surveys of the same subjects over an interval of about 3 months, in order to determine the causal relationships between the psychosocial skills used in extracurricular activities and those used in daily life. A cross-lagged effect model was used. The study subjects were 137 high school students who were members of extracurricular sports clubs (73 males, 64 females). The results showed that the psychosocial skills needed for extracurricular sports activities could be generalized to student daily life. Generalization in the reverse direction, i.e. from skills used in everyday life to those used in extracurricular sports activities, was also evident. Furthermore, the results suggested that psychosocial skills used in extracurricular sports activities had a cyclical causal relationship with the skills used in everyday life. Finally, the significance of extracurricular sports activities and methods for actualizing this significance was discussed based on the study results.

著者

小宮 秀明 黒川 修行

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.495-504, 2018-12-10 (Released:2018-12-20)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

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Being overweight is a major risk factor for development of lifestyle-related diseases, and the sheer volume of current evidence that childhood obesity persists into adolescence and adulthood suggests the importance of rectifying obesity in childhood. The present study followed up children in the 1st to 6th grades of elementary school to examine whether being overweight was a continuous trend. In addition, increases and decreases in the adiposity of the students were examined in order to clarify fluctuations in their physical build. The subjects of the study were 3991 students (2046 boys and 1945 girls) attending all 68 schools in city U who were tracked for 6 years. The students were divided into 10th percentiles based on their degree of overweight. Using the median 45-55th percentile as a reference group, univariate logistic analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio of students who were overweight in the 1st grade remaining so in the 6th grade. It became clear that students in the 85th percentile or higher in first grade were 39.8 times more likely for boys and 21.9 times more likely for girls to be overweight in the 6th grade than 1st grade students in the reference group. Boys and girls who were markedly overweight in the 1st grade continued to demonstrate high degrees of obesity in the 6th grade. About 80% of both boys and girls who were overweight in the 1st grade of elementary school continued to be overweight in the 6th grade. Based on the above findings, it is clear that the degree of overweight in the 1st grade of elementary school has a strong influence on the corresponding degree in the 2nd grade and thereafter, thus suggesting the importance of preventing overweight developing upon entry to elementary school.

著者

高松 薫 佐藤 芳弘 宮坂 雅昭 高森 秀蔵

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.81-88, 1989-06-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

4 2

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The level and type of anaerobic power for forward and back players of rugby football were investigated. Subjects were thirty-five college rugby football players and sixteen college male sprinters and throwers. Peak frequency of revolution and peak power during 7-s pedalling were measured at torques of 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, 9.0 kgm. The level of anaerobic power was determined by the maximum peak power and its relative value to body weight. The type of anaerobic power was determined by the coefficients of linear equation representing relationship between peak frequency of revolution and torque.Results were as follows; 1) Maximum anaerobic power of forward players was larger than that of back players, but the relative value to body weight was smaller. 2) Maximum anaerobic power and the relative value to body weight for forward or back players of varsity team were larger than those of the farm team. 3) Maximum anaerobic power and the relative value to body weight of foward players were smaller than those of the throwers. The maximum anaerobic power relative to body weight of back players was smaller than that of the sprinters, but no difference in maximum anaerobic power. 4) Foward players were characterized as strength type because they exerted higher level of anaerobic power in the larger torques. On the other hand, back players were characterized as speed type because they were superior in the smaller torques. 5) Rugby football players were characterized as speed type in comparison with the throwers, but as strength type compared with the sprinters.

著者

藤川 誠勝 石部 安浩 伊藤 昭子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.301, 1966-07-15 (Released:2016-12-31)

著者

山中 昭生 近藤 英男 辻本 勇 竹村 昭

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, 1966

著者

工藤 龍太 志々田 文明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1006250159, (Released:2010-06-30)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

2

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The main purpose of this study was to verify the process of formation and development of the concept of aiki used by Morihei Ueshiba, the founder of Aikido, and his disciples. The main points can be summarized as follows: 1. The term aiki has been used to refer to particular martial arts techniques and to a spiritual state that can be experienced by practicing Aikido. Morihei taught aiki as a technique, as shown in the memorandum of the Japanese Imperial Navy Admiral Isamu Takeshita around 1930. Kisshomaru Ueshiba, Morihei Ueshiba's son, also introduced these techniques in his book, “Techniques of Aikido” (1962), etc. However, neither Morehei Ueshiba nor his son explained about aiki in detail. Kenji Tomiki and Gozo Shioda used aiki as a term of technique, but they do not seem to have taught techniques under the name of aiki. 2. Onisaburo Deguchi, the head of Omoto-kyo, used the expressions “the union between a kami and a mortal” in 1921 and “the great love of the kami” in 1935, which Morihei later emphasized in relation to aiki. Omoto-kyo heavily influenced the building of Morihei's thoughts on aiki and Aikido. Aiki was likened to the great love of the Universe, Heaven and Earth, or the kami who nurtures all nature and mortals. In short, a) aiki is the union between the kami as love, and mortals, hence the practice of aiki is the purification of mind and body; b) the practice of Aikido creates a paradise for mortals on earth; c) because the kami does not oppose anyone, a practitioner does not oppose in Aikido. Morihei's thought influenced the policy of the succeeding organization of Aikido through Kisshomaru. 3. Morihei's four main pupils inherited his thoughts through several arrangements. Shioda explained aiki as “a technique for following the laws of nature”. Tohei insisted that aiki is “the union between the ki in heaven and earth and a mortal”. Sunadomari interpreted aiki as a combative technique and a divine work. Tomiki understood the term in two ways: one is a technique that falls into the category of kuzushi (balance-breaking), and the other is the unity of ki (energy) between nature and man. As to the way that Aikido should develop in the future, we need to study further Morihei's thoughts and their development under his pupils.

著者

白木 駿佑 尾縣 貢 木越 清信

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.433-440, 2018-06-10 (Released:2018-06-20)

参考文献数

17

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This study investigated the relationship between exercise intensity and energy contribution in shortduration intensive exercise. Two competitive university sprinters performed 30-s pedaling tests at 4 high intensity levels, following a submaximal test to determine the energy contribution during the 30-s pedaling tests by using the linear regression between exercise power and O2 demand. The energy contribution in each subject was almost constant during the 30-s pedaling tests at the 4 high intensity levels. Furthermore, O2 uptake and peak blood lactate concentration increased with increasing O2 demand in each subject. These results suggest that the energy contribution during short-duration intensive exercise at different high intensity levels is almost constant and that aerobic and anaerobic energy increase with increasing exercise intensity in each individual.

著者

苅山 靖 藤井 宏明 森 健一 図子 浩二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.91-109, 2013 (Released:2013-06-08)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2 5

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This study aimed to clarify the 3-dimensional joint kinetics of the takeoff leg for the single-leg rebound jump (SRJ) and the double-leg rebound jump (DRJ). 14 male track and field athletes (sprinters, jumpers and decathletes) performed the SRJ and the DRJ with maximal effort. Kinematics and kinetics data were recorded using a Vicon T20 system (250 Hz) and force platforms (1000 Hz). The results of all the analyses were as follows: 1.  In the SRJ, hip joint work around the adduction-abduction and internal-external rotation axes was higher than in the DRJ, because of larger hip abduction and internal rotational torque in the SRJ. 2.  In the SRJ, hip abduction and internal rotation torque were larger than those in the DRJ. These may have been caused by the anatomical and mechanical differences between the SRJ and DRJ. 3.  In the SRJ, hip abduction torque affected the increment in jump height. This result suggests that hip abduction torque affects the higher jump height for a single leg to a greater extent in the SRJ than in the DRJ. 4.  In the SRJ, the trunk lateral flexion caused by trunk flexion torque reduced the lateral displacement of the center of gravity due to pelvic list. These results suggest that 1) the SRJ is an effective training tool for improvement of technique and force output ability for prioritization of power output at the hip internal rotators, especially the hip abductors in addition to the hip extensor, and 2) hip abduction torque in the SRJ has a role in both postural control and determining the increment in jump height. These findings will be useful for clarifying the most pertinent points related to the SRJ and for developing an effective method that can be applied to plyometrics.

著者

苅山 靖 図子 浩二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.137-150, 2015 (Released:2015-06-13)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

5 1

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The present study attempted to develop a training model using the rebound jump (RJ) for improving stiffness during bounding (BD), focusing on joint kinetics. 17 male track and field athletes (sprinters, jumpers, and decathletes) performed the BD and RJ. Video images of their jumping motions in the sagittal plane (300 Hz) and their ground reaction force data (1,000 Hz) were recorded. Stiffness was calculated using the spring-mass model, and the joint extension and plantar flexion torques during the first half of the take-off phase and negative torque power of the 3 lower joints (ankle, knee, hip) were calculated. The foot angle at the moment of touchdown during BD was also calculated. The results were as follows: 1.  During BD and RJ, stiffness was correlated with the ankle joint torque during the first half of the take-off phase and the negative torque power about the ankle joint. 2.  The foot angle at the moment of touchdown during BD was correlated with stiffness, contact time, ankle joint torque during the first half of the take-off phase, and negative torque power of the ankle joint. 3.  Ankle joint torque and negative torque power about the ankle joint during the first half of the take-off phase in BD were correlated with those during RJ.   These results suggest that stiffness during BD and RJ are affected by ankle joint kinetics. On the basis of these results, previous studies and sports training principles, plyometric training using the RJ may be useful for improving the stiffness in BD via ankle joint kinetics.

著者

苅山 靖 図子 浩二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.449-460, 2016 (Released:2016-12-14)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2

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In the present study, we aimed to (1) clarify the relationship between stiffness and take-off leg motion during bounding and (2) append the information gathered from the study to a hierarchical training model (Kariyama and Zushi 2013, 2015). Seventeen male track and field athletes (sprinters, jumpers, and decathletes) performed bounding. Jumping motions in the sagittal plane (300 Hz) and ground reaction force data (1,000 Hz) were recorded. Stiffness was calculated using the spring-mass model, and the kinematic and kinetic variables of both the take-off leg and swing leg were calculated. We found correlations between stiffness and the following parameters: vertical ground reaction force impulse during the late phase (r=−0.488), distance between the center of gravity of the body (CG) and the toe at touch down (r=−0.760), hip-toe distance at touch down and at toe off (r=−0.568 and −0.472, respectively), range of flexion at the hip joint angle (r=−0.517), range of extension at the knee joint angle (r=−0.484), negative joint work and relative work at the hip joint (r=−0.462 and −0.511, respectively), positive joint work and relative work at the knee joint (r=−0.619 and −0.534, respectively), swing-leg angle at touch down (r=−0.755), and swing-leg vertical impulse during the late phase (r=−0.535). The results we obtained suggest that take-off motion in bounding is affected by stiffness characteristics, although jump distance is not affected by stiffness (Kariyama and Zushi 2013, 2015). Previous studies (Kariyama and Zushi 2013, 2015) indicated that stiffness in bounding is affected by stiffness in rebound jumping. On the basis of our results and those of previous studies, take-off motion correlated with stiffness in bounding could be affected by rebound jump stiffness. Therefore, an understanding of the characteristics of stiffness in rebound jumping is important for training that changes the above-mentioned take-off motion in bounding.