著者

藤林 献明 坂口 将太 苅山 靖 図子 浩二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.175-188, 2014 (Released:2014-06-13)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

4

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The present study was conducted to examine the most effective takeoff movement for the Rebound Long Jump Test (RLJ test) under high-speed conditions. This test is designed to evaluate the ability to perform the ballistic stretch-shortening cycle movement for unilateral horizontal jump events on the basis of the RLJ index (RLJ index (m/s)=Jumping distance (JD (m))/Contact time (CT (s)). Subjects jump from a 0.1-m-high step to the ground after an approach run (falling jump), followed by jumping without interruption for as far as possible (propulsive jump). Eleven male college track-and-field athletes performed the RLJ test, and the RLJ index was calculated. On the basis of the average value of the RLJ index, the athletes were assigned to an upper level group (RLJ index>mean value) or a lower level group (RLJ index<mean value), and the takeoff movement of upper level group was considered the effective takeoff movement. The results suggested that it was important to minimize the rotation angle of the body, and to use a faster rotation velocity. This was achieved by 1) increasing the movement distance and velocity in the direction of the forward movement of the swing leg in the air, 2) minimizing the rotation angle of the foot and shank segment, and increasing that of the thigh segment during the initial phase, and 3) accelerating the rotation angle of the thigh segment again and swinging the swing-leg forward and up during the latter phase. These results suggest that the RLJ test and RLJ index provide a measure of the takeoff movement technique in terms of pre-rotation moment, the mechanism of rotation of the lower limb segment, and the swing moment of the swing leg.

著者

梶谷 亮輔 前村 公彦 山元 康平 関 慶太郎 尾縣 貢 木越 清信

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.139-149, 2018-06-10 (Released:2018-06-20)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

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The aim of this study was to examine the validity, reliability, and utility of a method for evaluating the characteristics of the counter movement jump. Fifty-two male track and field athletes (sprinters or decathletes) jumped from a 30-cm platform and consciously changed their counter movement times. This study determined the counter movement time required to achieve the highest jump. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The waveform between the counter movement time and jumping height was an inverted U-shape. 2. It is normally accepted that the optimum counter movement time is determined via the jump test. 3. There was a significant correlation between the first test and the re-test in terms of the counter movement time. 4. Participants were classified into 5 groups based on their optimum counter movement times and highest jumping heights. These results suggest that the newly developed jumping test discussed in this study is a valid method for evaluating the characteristics of counter movement.

著者

図子 浩二 高松 薫

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.29-39, 1995-05-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

5 6

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Rebound drop jump index [RDJ_&ltindex&gt=(1/8・g・RDJt_a^2)/RDJt_c] was developed to evaluate the ability to perform the ballistic stretch. shortening cycle (SSC) movement. The RDJ_&ltindex&gt consists of ability to jump higher (RDJt_a) and that to shorten the contact time (RDJt_c) in rebound drop jump (RDJ), a typical SSC movement. The former is affected by leg strength and counter movement jump ability but the factors affecting the latter case have not yet been well established. This study examined the factors to shorten the contact time with special reference to two important views, i.e. work done by the lower limb joints and anticipation of the landing. 1. Relationships between work done by the lower limb joints and RDJ_&ltindex&gt, RDJt_c, and RDJt_a in RDJ from height of 0.3m were examined in ten college male athletes. There was a significant correlation between the ratio of negative work at the ankle to total work done by the lower limb joints and RDJ_&ltindex&gt (r=0.726, p&lt0.05), and RDJt_c (r=-0.823, p&lt0.01) but not RDJt_a (r=0.226,ns). Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between the ratio of negative work at the ankle and maximum plantar flexion strength (r=-0.329,ns). These results suggested that the rate of energy absorption at the ankle joint in former contact phase was one important factor to shorten the contact time in RDJ but not affected by plantar flexion strength. 2. RDJ_&ltindex&gt, RDJt_c and RDJt_a in two RDJs with or without visual information to inhibit temporal and spatial anticipation of landing were compared in six college male athletes. As compared without and with visual information, RDJt_c was longer, RDJt_a was shorter and RDJ_&ltindex&gt was lower, significantly. These changes were greater in subjects showing the higher RDJ_&ltindex&gt than those showing the lower RDJ_&ltindex&gt. Furthermore, changes of RDJ_&ltindex&gt, RDJt_c and RDJt_a in series of nine RDJs without visual information at thirty seconds of rest intervals were compared between subject A showing high RDJ_&ltindex&gt and subject B showing low RDJ_&ltindex&gt. RDJt_c decreased and RDJt_a increased slightly, and RDJ_&ltindex&gt increased by repeated trials even without visual information in subject A but not in subject B. These results suggested that temporal and spatial anticipation of the landing were another important factors to shorten the contact time in RDJ. These finding seemed to be beneficial for establishing strength and power training methods for jumper and ballgame players who are required ballistic stretch-shortening cycle movement.

著者

土肥 照典 加藤 謙一 秋元 寛次

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.5, pp.457-469, 2004-09-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

1

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A study was conducted to clarify the effects of running long jump practice in physical education classes for 11-or 12-year-old elementary school children. The subjects were divided into two groups: a training group (9 boys and 8 girls) and a control group (10 boys and 12 girls). The training group performed long jump practice over a period of 2 weeks (5 physical education classes), while the control group performed gymnastics practice. The jumping distance and 50-m sprint time were measured in both groups to clarify the performance before and after the corresponding period. In addition, the training group underwent measurement of approach running distance, approach running speed, take-off leg and jumping motion by angular kinematics. It was found that the jumping distance of the training group increased significantly for both boys and girls. However, no significant changes were found in the control group. After training, the approach running distance in the training group decreased significantly for both boys and girls. After training, there were significant positive correlations between the change in jumping distance and the change in approach running speed in the training group in the sections from 5 to 0 m before take-off in both boys and girls. In addition to the girls, there were significant positive correlations between change in the jumping distance and the change in approach running speed in the sections from 15 to 10 m and from 10 to 5 m before take-off. For boys in the training group, the relationship between the increase in jumping distance and the speed at touch down was significantly positively correlated with take-off. For girls in the training group, there was a significant positive correlation between the increase in jumping distance and the speed at touch down. From these results, it is suggested that long jump practice for 2 weeks (5 times) would improve the jumping distance of sixth-grade elementary school children.

著者

田中 輝海 水落 文夫 須﨑 康臣 杉山 佳生

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.335-344, 2015 (Released:2015-06-13)

著者

波多野 義郎 中村 精男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.3, pp.177-187, 1981-12-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

4

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In order to investigate the processes of unfavorable attitude formation against physical activities among young people, twenty-four male and female students who, out of a sample of 613 college students, indicated such a negative attitude in a questionnaire survey were interviewed. Each interview, average time length being 50 minutes, constituted a case study. The interview revealed various contributing factors, in terms of cause-result relationship, in forming unfavorable attitude against physical activities. General tendencies among the extracted backgrounds why they had come to form such unfavorable attitude may be summarized as followds: 1. Strong inferiority complex due to uncoordination and the lack of efficient sports skills prevailed. 2. Being afraid of possible failures resulting from quiet and passive personality was often a fertile bed in promoting negative attitude against physical activities. 3. Distrustful experiences in the previously involved school physical education programs, especially complaints against neglection of individual differences by the physical educators, were frequently pointed out. 4. Rigid philosophy of the physical education teachers that only faster, higher and stronger performances deserve for favorable evaluation invited strong criticism. 5. Few among interviewed had ever experienced happiness of own physical movement. Although individual right and freedom should be highly respected, negative environment against the promotion of physical education and sports among young people, such as contributing elements to produce those who unfavor physical activities must be removed from homes and schools.

著者

内山 治樹 池田 英治 吉田 健司 町田 洋介 網野 友雄 柏倉 秀徳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.605-622, 2018-12-10 (Released:2018-12-20)

参考文献数

66

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the causal relationship between the “flow of a game” in basketball, defined as “the situation in which 4 periods, which consist of a division time of 10 minutes, advance gradually while having an influence on each other”, and its outcome, focusing on the interrelationships of the 4 periods. For this purpose, a hypothesis was established that the “flow of a game,” in which “factors causing changes in conditions” cannot be overlooked, consists of 4 periods, each creating opportunities that finally affect the outcome. In order to test this hypothesis, an analysis was performed of 1044 periods in 261 games in Japan’s strongest university league, the Kanto Men’s First Division League, based on the following 3 perspectives: (1) the importance of each period; (2) the mutual dependency among the periods; and (3) the relationship between the difference in cumulative scoring and outcome. The results were subjected to logistic regression analysis and covariance structure analysis, and the following 3 points were clarified: (1) Periods that influenced the outcome were the first, third and fourth, ranked in importance as third > first > fourth > second. (2) With regard to mutual dependency among the periods, the points difference in the preceding period in the sequence “first → second (cumulative),” “second (cumulative) → third (cumulative), “third (cumulative) →“fourth” created an opportunity in the following period. (3) A cumulative score difference of less than 8 points by the end of the third period was associated with a high potential for coming back to win. These findings should be applicable to coaching in various games under the official rules of the FIBA as new practical guidelines for closely analyzing the causal relationships between the unique “flow of a game” and outcomes in basketball that take place over 4 periods.

著者

綱 豊作 清川 紫洋

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.12, 1961-09-01 (Released:2016-12-31)

著者

池本 淳一

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.529-547, 2014

被引用文献数

1

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This paper focuses on the position of "Ju-ken" matches and their promoter, Kenji Kano, in Japanese boxing history. A "Ju-ken" match was a match between a judoist and a boxer, and such bouts were held from the middle of the Taisho era to the early Showa era in Kobe, Tokyo and Osaka. The main organizer of these matches was the "International Ju-ken club", whose owner Kenji Kano was the nephew of Jigoro Kano. This study divides the history of Ju-ken into three periods, each with respective features.<br>   The first period was from October 1919 to April 1921. Ju-ken at this time was intended to reform judo into a competitive sport through fighting with boxing. Although judo had been well established at that time, it was facing a challenge due to loss of its spirit and form as a martial art during the process of sportification. Jigoro Kano, the founder of Judo, was unhappy with this change. By studying boxing, karate, aikido, stick fighting and other martial arts, he aimed at creating a 'Martial Art Judo'. His nephew Kenji Kano pursued martial art-oriented judo as well, but his approach to reconstructing judo as a martial art was through mixed martial arts games, the "Ju-ken match".<br>   The middle period was from May 1921 to March 1925, when Ju-ken evolved into a spectator sport that encapsulated the struggle for superiority in terms of nationality and ethnicity. Because Kodokan prohibited their members from participating in any mixed-martial arts match from April 1921, Ju-ken became a spectator sport. In addition, after charity matches following the Great Kanto Earthquake, in order to bring more excitement to the game, Ju-ken heightened the opposition and rivalry based on the nationalities and ethnicities of the athletes.<br>   The final period was from April 1925 to August 1931, when Ju-ken changed into a show that was intended to provoke nationalistic emotions among the audience. After the development of "normal" boxing, Ju-ken held normal boxing matches in their games and adopted new boxing-like rules. These new rules and the point systems put foreign boxers at a disadvantage when fighting against Japanese judoists, ensuring that Japanese would always defeat foreigners.<br>   Finally, through assimilation of knowledge and focusing on boxing, this study argues that Ju-ken matches created a background for localization of modern boxing in Japan.<br>

著者

末木 新

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.289-295, 2017

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Baseball is a thriving sport in Japanese high schools. However, there have been demands to shorten the instructional time for school extracurricular activities, resulting in a need to increase the effectiveness of such instruction. The present study was designed to examine the effects of 3 elements of team strength in high school baseball&mdash;pitching strength, batting strength, and defensive strength&mdash;on the outcome of a game. The materials used for analysis were the records of all of the 390 games and 780 teams involved in the National High School Baseball Championship from 2008 to 2015. Pitching strength, batting strength, and defensive strength were calculated using Fielding Independent Pitching (FIP), On-base Plus Slugging (OPS), and Defensive Efficiency Rating (DER), respectively. Logistic regression analysis (forced entry method) was conducted on the game outcome as the dependent variable and team FIP, team OPS, and DER as the independent variables. This analysis showed that the team FIP (odds ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.74&mdash;0.86), team OPS (odds ratio 8145, 95% confidence interval 1957&mdash;33898), and DER (odds ratio 5699019, 95% confidence interval 341274&mdash;95169408) were significantly associated with the outcome of the game. An assessment of the Wald statistic, which indicates the contribution rate of the dependent variables, showed that batting strength had the strongest effect on game outcome, followed by defensive strength. Compared to batting and defensive strength, pitching strength appeared to have only a small influence on game outcome. Therefore, for efficient improvement of team strength, it is considered that resources should be directed towards improving batting and defensive strength over pitching strength.<br>

著者

別所 秀夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.115-131, 2014 (Released:2014-06-13)

参考文献数

72

被引用文献数

1

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This paper describes the transformation of the concept of tairyoku or physical fitness during the period 1872-1945, and analyzes it from the viewpoints of “discourse” and “the body.” The word tairyoku was first used in official documents as a translation of “bodily powers” in modern Japanese education. The word tairyoku appeared in the context of the discourse on physical education encompassing the whole picture of intellectual, moral, and physical education. This appears to have been the birth of the concept of tairyoku in the Japanese education system. Tairyoku was often used in discussions of taikaku or physique, from the Meiji (1868-1912) to Taisho (1912-1926) periods, but it was not a common concept for the population as a whole. Modern research into tairyoku in order to explore the full potentiality of the body accompanied the changes in social structure during the development of capitalism in Japan after the First World War, and with the development of research in medicine, hygiene, health and physiology. Thereafter, research on tairyoku became scientific, but leaned toward a concept that included the spirit during the Second World War.

著者

内田 英二 神林 勲

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.11-20, 2006 (Released:2008-01-25)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

2 4

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This study was conducted to clarify the influence of circuit training carried out once a week on the mood state and physical fitness of college students. Thirty-five healthy college students (6 males, 29 females) participated. Students completed an exercise set consisting of six items, and repeated these in sets of three during physical education class once per week for 8 weeks. The effect of the training was evaluated by comparison of the maximal repetition (MR) values in the maximum score test (MST) carried out one week before and one week after a training period. Mood state was determined by Mood Check List-Short Form 1 (MCL-S.1), by which mood state is assessed as a pleasant feeling, a relaxed feeling, and a feeling of anxiety. The students made these assessments immediately before and 5 minutes after every exercise. The influence of the physical fitness level was assessed in female students with high TS values (HG, n=6) and in female students with low TS values (LG, n=6). All of the MR values in the MSTs and the height of a vertical jump were increased significantly after the training period. The results of repeated measures ANOVA performed on data obtained from all of the students showed that the pleasant feeling score increased significantly after the exercise (p<0.05), whereas the relaxed feeling and the feeling of anxiety scores did not change. The mood state scores before and after exercise did not show a significant difference between the HG and the LG. The pleasant feeling scores for both groups were positive in both the HG and LG, indicating that the exercise resulted in a desirable mood state. These results showed that the circuit training program was effective for increasing the level of physical fitness and that it improved the pleasant feeling of individuals, regardless of their physical fitness level.

著者

田中 美吏 柄木田 健太 村山 孝之 田中 ゆふ 五藤 佳奈

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究

巻号頁・発行日

2018

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<p>Motor behavior couples with several types of environmental information perceived by actors. The phenomenon by which perceptions are distorted by the psychological state of an actor, including motivation, desire, and anxiety, is known as dynamic perception, and many athletes experience this under the psychological pressure of competition. The effects of pressure on the perception of target size before (pre-performance judgement) and after (post-performance judgement) a dart-throwing task and the relationship between size perception and performance outcome in the task were investigated experimentally. Healthy novice female university students (N=20) participated in the experiment. Pressure manipulations included performance contingent competitive cash rewards and comparative others. The results indicated that psychological and physiological stress responses were successfully induced, as indexed by significant increases in state anxiety and heart rate under pressure. Moreover, there were no significant differences in pre- and post-performance size perception between pressure and nonpressure conditions in all participants. However, participants with reduced throwing accuracy under pressure, as compared with non-pressure, perceived the target to be smaller under pressure in post-performance judgement. It is possible that attentional change including conscious processing and distraction, as well as kinematic changes, led to a decrement of motor skills performance that might have caused perceptual distortion under pressure. Exploratory multiple regression analysis to identify factors leading to perceptual distortions of target size under pressure indicated that participants reporting larger trait anxiety judged the target to be smaller in only preperformance judgement.</p>

著者

片岡 暁夫 前川 峯雄 浅田 隆夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.5, 1968

著者

藤澤 朋子 淵本 隆文 金子 公宥

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.6, pp.436-445, 1998-03-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

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A study was conducted to examine how kinetic factors influence ball speed following a tennis forehand drive. The subjects were 15 male college tennis players, gripping the racket with their right hand. The players performed the forehand drive with maximum effort while aiming at a target area. The trials were filmed at 100 fps using two 16-mm movie cameras. Using Winter's method, the joint torque was determined two dimensionally on the horizontal plane for the wrist, elbow and shoulder joints, and for upper torso rotation during the stroke. The subjects were divided into two groups; a fast group (n=8) and a slow group (n=7) based on the ball speed. Despite a significant difference in ball speed between the two groups, no significant differences were observed in any items related to physique, muscle strength or pewer. The positive joint torque of the shoulder joint appeared from the first stage of the stroke, that of the elbow joint from the middle stagge, while that of the wrist joint appeared at the end of the stroke. The integrated positive joint torques (IT+) during forward swing were found to be the greatest in shoulder joint and the least in the wrist joint. The IT+ were significantly different between the fast and slow groups in all joint movements except for upper torso rotation. Individual ball speeds delivered by all subjects were positively correlated with the IT+ of the shoulder and elbow joints. From these results, it was concluded that (1) individual ball speeds are influenced considerably by the shoulder and elbow joint torques in the horizontal plane, and (2) players showing faster ball speed develop greater torques in all upper limb joint movements.

著者

高橋 仁大 前田 明 西薗 秀嗣 倉田 博

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.4, pp.483-492, 2006 (Released:2008-01-25)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1 2

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The purpose of the present study was to elucidate tactical strategies for winning a tennis match. Forty-two men's singles matches in the 1997 and 1998 Kyushu collegiate tennis championships were analyzed. Analytical criteria were the relationship between point-winning at each score and the techniques used. In the present research, techniques were categorized into the following 5 groups: service, return, stroke, offense and defense. The following results were obtained: 1. Stroke was the most frequently utilized technique regardless of point-winning. 2. Return and defense techniques, which are considered “passive” techniques, produced significantly high rates of point-losing. 3. The rate of point-winning by service was low at high rate counts (HRC), but high at low rate counts (LRC). In contrast, the rate of point-losing by service was high at LRC-game-points. The rate of point-winning by service was higher for players leading in score, and was low at important scores. 4. The rate of point-winning by players using the defense technique was high at HRC-opponent's game-points. To win a point using passive techniques is the most important tactic at opponent's game-points. 5. The rate of point-losing during the offense technique was high at LRC-up counts. Offense techniques are effective for winning points; however, they involve a higher risk of losing points. These results indicate that players should analyze the relationship between point-winning and strategies at each score.

著者

成田 健造 中島 求 仙石 泰雄 本間 三和子 椿本 昇三 高木 英樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17051, (Released:2018-06-15)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study was to compare active drag during front-crawl swimming performed by competitive swimmers with passive drag acting on the same group of swimmers with a streamlined position at various velocities. Seven male competitive swimmers participated in this study, and the testing was conducted in a swimming flume. Active drag was evaluated for front-crawl swimming with upper and lower limb motion using a methodology that estimates the drag in swimming using measured residual thrust values (MRT method). Passive drag was measured by a load cell connected to the swimmers with a streamlined position using a stainless-steel wire. In each case, drag was estimated at six staged velocities ranging from 1.0 to 1.5 m/s. To compare the drags at various velocities, we calculated coefficients a and b by applying the measured force value at each velocity to the equation D = a vb (D: drag, v: velocity). The active drag estimated from the MRT method (a = 35.7 ± 5.3, b = 2.80 ± 0.22) was larger than passive drag (a = 23.6 ± 3.1, b = 2.08 ± 0.23). Furthermore, the difference between active and passive drag was large at high velocities. Therefore, it is possible that the effects of factors other than posture and/or body shape have a large influence on active drag, especially at high velocity.

著者

海野 孝 杉原 隆

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.117-132, 1989-09-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the learning effect of pattern recognition on a tennis net-player's anticipation. An experiment was conducted to determine whether the learning of pattern recognition with the film was significantly effective in improving the supped and accuracy of motor response to the film stimulus of the opposing passer's return. Subjects were 12 male beginners (less than 3 years experienced), 12 male intermediaries (3-8 years experienced), and 10 male advanced players (more than 8 years experienced). And the first two groups were given instrucitons and KR with the films in the learning session. The major results are as follows: 1) In the pre-learning reaciton time test to the film stimulus, the reaction time (the time from the impact to the moment of lifting a leg) of both the beginners and the intermediaries were significantly longer than that of the advanced. And no significant differences among three groups were found on the correct response rate in the film series of +8 (continue to show the film to the post-impact 8th frame). But in the film series of 0 (to the impact frame), both the beginners and the intermediaries showed significantly smaller values than the advanced. 2) During the learning session, the correct answer rates of both the beginners and the intermediaries on pass-lob and cross-straight anticipation were significantly increased. 3) In the post-learning reaction time test, the reaction time of both the beginners and the intermediaries were significantly shortened, and they showed smaller values thant the advanced. And the correct response rates of both groups in the film series of 0 were also significantly increased. 4) The learning effect of the intermediaries was significnatly greater than that of the beginners. These results suggest that the learning of pattern recognition with the film has a noticeable effect on improvement in anticipation and the speed and accuracy of motor response to the opposing passer's return.

著者

小野 雄大 友添 秀則 根本 想

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.599-620, 2017

被引用文献数

5

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In recent years, the way university sports are conducted has been under discussion. In particular, there is some concern about the balance between studies and competitive activities, which is important when considering the future of university sports in Japan. As no previous research has focused on sports recommendation admissions to universities in Japan, the present study first attempted to clarify the way in which this system has developed.<br>  The following findings were obtained:<br>  1.&nbsp;In Japan, even before the recommendation admission system was officially approved, athletes had been given preferential treatment in entrance examinations, which was not disclosed to the public or stipulated in application guides.<br>  2.&nbsp;Soon after the recommendation admission system was officially approved, campus disputes worsened, which caused the preferential admission treatment of athletes to be severely criticized, making it difficult to continue with the conventional system any longer. Accordingly, during the period from the late 1960s to the early 1970s, universities abolished the preferential treatment given to athletes in entrance examinations.<br>  3.&nbsp;Since the recommendation admission system was officially approved in 1967, the faculties of physical education at private universities, among others, started to actively admit athletes based on recommendation. These physical education faculties selected students based on physical skill tests to secure competent athletes. Thus, by matching the admission policy of the faculty with the sporting abilities of athletes, universities were able to secure competent athletes without having to impose a special admission quota for athletes.<br>  4.&nbsp;In the 1980s, private universities played a leading role in conducting entrance examinations with a special admission quota for athletes. Waseda University launched the Special Selection System for Physical Education Major, which introduced a special admission quota for athletes, specified the athletic events and performances, and made the selection process widely known to the public. In conducting this selection, however, the university faced a dilemma of whether or not to employ it as the system for strengthening their sports teams.<br>  5.&nbsp;In 1987, the Ad Hoc Council on Education, an advisory body of the Japanese Government on education, recommended that assessment of sports activities be taken into consideration in entrance examinations. The 1989, the Guidelines for University Entrance Examination, revised in accordance with the Council's recommendation, listed &ldquo;adequate assessment of activities in sports, culture, etc.&rdquo; as a selection method for university admission for the first time.<br>

著者

大西 義男 滝沢 行雄 藤田 純二 富樫 実

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.5, 1971