著者

桂 廣介

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.4-5, pp.315-318, 1939 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

1

著者

椎名 乾平

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.3, pp.146-152, 1985-08-30 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2 1

---

In order to approximate the variety of natural categories, two kinds of stimuli whose attributes vary according to different multivariate normal distributions are generated on CRT screen. Twenty undergraduate and graduate students served as subjects. Subject's task was to discriminate the stimuli. Results revealed that subject's performance can be explained very well by the parameters of the distributions (Exp. 1). Although in previous studies prototypes have been assumed to be the mean value or central tendency of category instances, there is another possibility, especially when two or more concepts are simultaneously learned, that they have attributes which are emphasized. This hypothesis was confirmed in Exp. 2, using 30 undergraduates as subjects. It was argued that we must distinguish at least two kinds of prototypes: the one formed by the most frequent instances and the other the most discriminate in contrast with the other concepts.

著者

福留 広大 森永 康子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.94.21325, (Released:2023-05-15)

参考文献数

20

---

In Japan, a married couple must use the same surname to comply with the civil code, and the wife takes her husband’s surname in more than 95 % of married couples. We hypothesized that ambivalent sexism, including hostile and benevolent sexism, is related to the preferred surname choice among unmarried men and women. We discovered the following results. First, men showed averseness to changing their surnames, while women showed acceptance. Second, individuals strongly endorsing hostile sexism were more likely to accept changing their surnames than those endorsing it weakly. Third, men strongly supporting benevolent sexism refused to change their surnames. The relationships between ambivalent sexism and surname choice in Japan were discussed.

著者

細川 亜佐子 太田 直斗 北神 慎司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.1, pp.76-82, 2023 (Released:2023-04-25)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

---

The present study examines whether the activation of visuospatial perceptual processing affects empathic responses during narrative comprehension. Specifically, using a dual-task method, we investigated the effects of load on a visuospatial memory task and capacity of visuospatial working memory on empathic response rating scores for reading. Consequently, the results revealed that the effects of load on the visuospatial memory task reduced empathic response scores for reading in the higher visuospatial working memory capacity. The results suggest that the activation of visuospatial perceptual processing influence empathic responses during narrative comprehension. Moreover, elaboration through activation of visuospatial perceptual processing plays an important role in empathic responses, particularly for readers having a large capacity of visuospatial working memory.

著者

鈴木 拓朗

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.1, pp.33-42, 2023 (Released:2023-04-25)

参考文献数

29

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim and the gender of both on the estimation of the severity of stalking incidents. The study used a 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 (prior relationship × perpetrator’s gender × victim’s gender × participant’s gender) experimental design with a hypothetical scenario. A total of 1,200 participants read one of the 12 scenarios and answered items concerning the situation described. The results showed that the participants tended to estimate the severity of the incident lower when the perpetrator was an ex-partner rather than a stranger, or when the victim was a man rather than a woman. In the case of female victims, they tended to estimate the severity lower when the perpetrator was female rather than male. To deal with stalking cases as early as possible, primary prevention and training for police officers are needed to reduce these cognitive biases.

著者

横田 賀英子 渡邉 和美 和智 妙子 大塚 祐輔 平間 一樹 島田 貴仁

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.1, pp.1-11, 2023 (Released:2023-04-25)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

---

The aim of the current study was to examine the psychological responses of victims during sexual assault, focusing on tonic immobility (TI). TI is characterized by immobility in situations involving the threat of death or a threat to one’s physical integrity. In the current study, 143 sexual assault victims consented to participate in the survey and completed the questionnaires. An exploratory categorical factor analysis revealed that the psychological responses of victims during sexual assaults comprised two factors: TI and fear. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that victims’ fear during the sexual assault increased their TI responses. Furthermore, the high variation of violence, which was influenced by prior relationships between victims and offenders, increased fear and TI responses.

著者

真辺 春蔵

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.6, pp.364-374, 1967-02-10 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

50

著者

多田 奏恵 長谷川 龍樹 近藤 洋史

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.3, pp.263-269, 2022 (Released:2022-08-25)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2 1

---

The autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) produces tingling sensations induced by sounds and accompanied by positive emotions, whereas in misophonia, everyday sounds provoke maladaptive behaviors and negative emotions. People with autism spectrum disorders sometimes suffer hyperacusis. However, it is unknown whether the three types of auditory-related reactions are interdependent. We investigated ASMR, misophonia symptoms, and autistic traits in a non-clinical population (N = 552; 18-60 years) through self-reporting measures. 58 % of young adults reported that they watched ASMR videos, whereas only 12 % of participants over age 30 did so. The prevalence of misophonia, previously unknown in Japan, was estimated at 54 %. Misophonia Questionnaire (MQ) scores increased with advancing age. Scores were higher for females than for males, although we did not find a gender difference in sensitivity to ASMR. Factor analyses of eight questionnaire subscales (n = 180) demonstrated that ASMR scores are linked with MQ scores, but not with Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) sub-scores. The close link between ASMR and misophonia may be based on auditory processes underlying hyperacusis.

著者

白井 真理子 加藤 樹里 菊谷 まり子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.94.22206, (Released:2023-03-10)

参考文献数

44

---

Emotional crying has been described as the shedding of tears consequent to an emotional event, a universal and uniquely human behavior. The purpose of the present study was to develop the Japanese version of the Beliefs About Crying Scale (BACS), which assesses beliefs about whether crying is beneficial for gaining positive feelings in both individual and interpersonal contexts. In Study 1, we examined factor structure and re-test reliability. The results indicated that the factor structure of the Japanese version and original version of the BACS are similar and possess acceptable re-test reliability. In Study 2, we tested validity. The results revealed that the Japanese version of the BACS had theoretically reasonable correlations with assumed variables. These results suggest that the Japanese version of the BACS has similar properties as the original version and has acceptable validity and reliability.

著者

原田 純治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.5, pp.275-278, 1981-01-20 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

15

---

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of diffusion of responsibility on helping behavior in a non-emergency situation, and to investigate this effect in the bystanders' face-to-face (FF) and non-face-to-face (NFF) conditions. The proportion and the latency of helping were employed as the measures of helping behavior. The results showed that the proportion of helping did not decrease with the increase of the bystander group size. Especially, in the two-bystander-FF condition, facilitation of helping was observed on the contrary to the hypothesis about diffusion of responsibility. From these findings, it was suggested that diffusion of responsibility would be inhibited by the joint effect of the relative intensity of the psychological costs of helping and the difference in the bystanders' face-to-face rleations.

著者

荒井 崇史 菱木 智愛

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.3, pp.263-273, 2019 (Released:2019-08-25)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

3 1

---

Despite having positive attitudes about crime prevention behaviors, many people do not engage in actions to prevent crime. In this study, therefore, we tried to explain the gap between attitudes and behaviors from the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). In Study 1, female undergraduate and graduate students (N = 302) answered a questionnaire containing TPB variables (attitude, subjective norm, self-efficacy, and perceived control). In Study 2, a web-based survey constructed from TPB variables was conducted with mothers (N = 725) that had children aged 7–12 years. Results of the structural equation modeling indicated that the fitness of model to the data was good in both studies. In Study 1, subjective norm and self-efficacy facilitated behavioral intention, which in turn led to personal crime prevention behavior. In Study 2, attitude, subjective norm, self-efficacy, and perceived control facilitated behavioral intention, which resulted in cooperative crime prevention. These findings suggest that in order to encourage crime prevention behavior, we should take into account not only attitudes but also subjective norms and self-efficacy.

著者

遠藤 由美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.3, pp.214-217, 1992-08-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

6 2

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The concept of negative ideal-self is introduced as a contrast to positive ideal-self. Discrepancies between positive ideal-self and real-self (Dp-score) have been associated with low self-esteem. The present study purported to see whether negative ideal-self may be a standard of self evaluation, and to what extent discrepancies between negative ideal-self and real-self (Dn-score) relate with self-esteem (Rosenberg). The results showed that both Dp-score and Dn-score correlate significantly with self-esteem, but the latter showed higher correlation than the former. It is suggested that self-esteem is more a function of distance that how ‘I’ am not the person which ‘I’ won't to be. These findings were discussed from the importance of an approach to negative aspects of the self.

著者

押見 輝男

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.3, pp.251-257, 2002-08-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

4 5

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of public self consciousness on forced laughter. Participants (N=409) were asked to imagine a group of either friends or acquaintances, and then to indicate how often he or she exhibited forced laughter toward the group members. They also completed Self Consciousness Scale (Fenigstein, Scheier, & Buss, 1975). Results indicated that persons with high public self consciousness reported more frequent expressions of all types of forced laughter-expression control, intimacy maintenance, action control, and affect manipulation-than those who were low, regardless of interpersonal intimacy level. Besides public self-consciousness, both gender and intimate feeling toward group members influenced frequency of forced laughter. Implications for the nature of public self-consciousness and forced laughter were discussed.

著者

野中 俊介 境 泉洋

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.85.13315, (Released:2014-07-01)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

15 18

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of hikikomori, a Japanese term denoting “prolonged social withdrawal”, on quality of life (QOL). Individuals with hikikomori at present (n = 26) and in the past (n = 31), as well as mildly depressed individuals without hikikomori (n = 114) and highly depressed individuals without hikikomori (n = 27) were requested to complete the WHO Quality of Life 26 (QOL26).The results of MANOVA indicated that the present hikikomori group’s scores on the social relationships domains of the QOL26 were significantly lower than the scores of the highly depressed group.The results of this study suggest that it might be important to intervene to improve QOL in individuals with hikikomori.

著者

西崎 友規子 苧阪 満里子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.3, pp.220-228, 2004-08-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The present study addressed the relationship between an individual difference in the reading span test (RST) and the performance in text comprehension with respect to storage and retrieval systems. In Experiment 1, an effect of the serial recall task on performance in text comprehension was compared between high and low RST score groups. In Experiment 2, an effect of the word fluency task on performance in text comprehension of two groups was investigated. The results of both experiments showed that the performance in text comprehension of the low RST score group was impaired when the serial recall task was the secondary task; in contrast, the performance of the high RST score group was influenced when the word fluency task was used. The results suggested that the high RST score group comprehended text not only by using a temporary storage system but also by using a retrieval system efficiently.

著者

伊藤 拓 樋口 匡貴 荒井 弘和 中村 菜々子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.94.21054, (Released:2023-03-10)

参考文献数

22

---

Cross-sectional research has indicated that the psychological variables of the protective motive theory and normative focus theory are related to avoidance behaviors around going out or contacting others during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there has been no longitudinal research investigating whether these psychological variables predict similar behaviors. The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine whether these psychological variables predicted such behaviors immediately after the termination of the COVID-19 pandemic state of emergency. A total of 781 participants completed a web-based survey immediately before and after the termination of the state of emergency in Tokyo. A cross-lagged effects model was used to analyze psychological predictors. The results indicated that the perceived self-efficacy of avoidance behaviors (β = .099), injunctive norms (β = .135), and descriptive norms (β = -.061) immediately before the state of emergency termination predicted avoidance behaviors around going out or contacting others immediately after the termination. These results suggested causal relationships between perceived self-efficacy, descriptive norms, and injunctive norms and avoidance behaviors around going out or contacting others.

著者

片山 まゆみ 藤 桂

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.93.20062, (Released:2022-11-01)

参考文献数

57

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The number of people changing jobs either once or multiple times has been increasing recently. Based on previous reality shock (RS) research, this study hypothesized that RS during a job-change would reduce work engagement (WE) and increase turnover intentions. This study also focused on self-concept clarity (SCC) which has been suggested to have a reducing and moderating effect on negative responses to stressful events. Four hundred and twelve job changers were asked to answer a web-based survey measuring the RS, WE, turnover intentions, and SCC from the three aspects of Extremity, Certainty, and Temporal Stability. The results showed that RS during a job-change reduced WE and increased turnover intentions. Analysis focusing on the effect of SCC indicated that WE was increased by high Extremity and Certainty, and turnover intentions were decreased by high Certainty as well as Temporal Stability. Moderated mediation analysis showed that although high Temporal Stability moderated the negative effect of RS, RS increased turnover intentions by reducing WE in those who have high Certainty.

著者

藤原 和政 川俣 理恵

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.6, pp.559-565, 2023 (Released:2023-02-25)

参考文献数

28

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The present study investigates the relationship between acceptance and rejection experiences and affiliation motives of junior high school students using a longitudinal survey over a one-year period. A total of 399 junior high school students (193 boys and 206 girls) participated in this study. A cross-lagged model was used in a simultaneous multi-population analysis taking gender into account. Results showed that both genders had a positive path from Time 1 “Approval as a Classmate” and a negative path from “Infringed and Maladjustment” compared to the Time 2 affinity tendency. Furthermore, the results for Time 2 “Sensitivity to Rejection” suggested differences in the results by gender. It was suggested that the experience of acceptance by others are associated with the affinity motive in both genders, although there were differences by gender. These results suggested some points to keep in mind when implementing educational practices for the purpose of forming good friendships in junior high school.

著者

品田 瑞穂

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.93.21317, (Released:2022-11-01)

参考文献数

28

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The purpose of this study is to understand the unique contributions of trait empathy and cognitive distortion to relational aggression in 393 20- to 49- year old adults (183 females and 208 males, M = 35.22 years, SD = 8.35 years). This study examined how empathic concern and perspective taking affect relational aggression through three types of cognitive distortions: self-centered bias, blaming others, and perceived persecution. As predicted by the theoretical model, relational aggression was positively associated with two types of self-serving cognitive distortions (self-centered bias and perceived persecution). Self-centered bias mediated the link between empathic concern and relational aggression. The findings suggest the interplay of personality and cognition in relational aggression.

著者

江 聚名 石井 僚 大山 拓也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.4, pp.311-319, 2022 (Released:2022-12-16)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

1

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The present research examined the process of how determining the location and time of remote work, which was introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, affects workers’ work-life balance, as well as their mental health. We also examined gender differences in the mediating effect of work-life balance. 1,692 employees of an IT company participated in our research by answering questionnaires with an online training system during November 2019 (Time 1) and May 2020 (Time 2). Participants’ mental health were measured at both Time 1 and Time 2, while work-life balance and whether the location and time of their remote work was determined were measured at Time 2. Results of multi-group mediation analysis showed that setting the time of remote work led to better workl-ife balance and in turn, improved mental health. However, flexibility in the location of remote work led to better work-life balance and improved mental health. Moreover, a gender difference was found on the effect of work-life balance on mental health in that it had a stronger influence on female workers’ mental health than male workers.