著者

赤間 健一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.5, pp.445-455, 2015 (Released:2015-12-25)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

6

---

In studies of motivational regulation, motivational regulation strategies to maintain motivation have been examined while the strategies to initiate motivation have been overlooked. In this study, motivational regulation strategies for initiating motivation (motivation initiating strategies) were examined and the Motivation Initiating Strategy Scale was developed. In study 1, based on open-ended questionnaire to collect the strategies that learners usually use, items were selected for the scale. Using exploratory factor analysis, 5 motivation initiating strategies subscales were extracted. In study 2, the validity of the scale was examined by confirmatory factor analysis and correlations and partial correlations with intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, achievement goal and reliability were examined by test-retest correlations and internal consistencies for subscales. Both the validity and reliability were demonstrated in order to measure motivation initiating strategies. The results of this study suggest that motivation initiating strategies contain some of the same strategies as motivation maintaining strategies, and indicate the possibility that the structures and roles in the motivational regulation of the initiating and maintaining strategies are different.

著者

榊原 良太 北原 瑞穂

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.15302, (Released:2016-03-10)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

1 30

---

This study aimed to investigate the relations between CERQ and depression, and anxiety, and also aimed to reveal the characteristics of a Japanese sample through meta-analysis. The results showed that self-blame, acceptance, rumination, catastrophizing, and blaming others had significantly positive correlations with both depression and anxiety, whereas positive refocusing, refocus on planning, positive reappraisal, and putting into perspective had significantly negative correlations with both variables. Moreover, when comparing the correlation coefficients of the Japanese samples and the combined value, correlations between depression and positive reappraisal were significantly larger than the combined value. On the other hand, regarding the correlation coefficients of depression and putting into perspective, the combined value was larger than the value of Japanese samples. In addition, compared to the combined value, the Japanese sample’s positive correlation between anxiety and rumination, and negative correlation between anxiety and positive reappraisal were larger.

著者

樋口 収 埴田 健司 小林 麻衣 北村 英哉

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.4, pp.363-368, 2012

被引用文献数

1 1 1

---

This research investigated how to overcome temptations and protect high-order goals while pursuing a goal. We hypothesized that in order to promote self-regulation, individuals non-cousciously engage in asymmetric evaluative responses to goal-relevant and temptation-relevant stimuli. In an experiment, we manipulated either diet goal or academic goal. Then, we measured evaluations of either sugary drinks (e.g., Coke, Fanta) or healthy drinks (e.g., Healthya Green Tea, Black Oolong Tea). The results showed that participants who activated a diet goal had significantly more positive evaluations of healthy drinks than sugary drinks. In addition, this tendency was moderated by the means of dieting (i.e., only participants who cut down on sweets when going on a diet). The role of non-consious asymmetric evaluations for self-regulation is discussed.

著者

三谷 恵一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.3, pp.137-141, 1971-08-10 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

24

著者

牧田 稔

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.87-96, 1948 (Released:2010-07-16)

著者

髙田 琢弘 湯川 進太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.86.14027, (Released:2015-09-15)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

2

---

In this experimental study, the effects of cognitive load on reckless gambling were investigated among Japanese undergraduates. Changes in the participants’ emotional states and perceived luck while gambling were also investigated. Participants (23 males and 21 females) performed the Game of Dice Task (GDT) consisting of 18 trials; their emotional states and perceived luck were assessed before the first trial and after subsequent trial. Participants in the experimental group were asked to memorize words while playing the GDT, whereas those in the control group were not required to do so. Results indicate that the experimental group gambled more recklessly than the control group while performing the GDT. Furthermore, participants in the experimental group experienced more positive emotions and better perceived luck than the control group. These results suggest that individuals with cognitive load while gambling are likely to interpret their emotional states and perceived luck more favorably and to overestimate the probability of winning. Therefore, these individuals are prone to gambling recklessly.

著者

井上 裕珠 村田 光二

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.1, pp.1-8, 2014

被引用文献数

2

---

Envy is an unpleasant emotion caused by comparison with a person who possesses something we desire. We conducted two studies to test our prediction that less envy would be felt when the person could attain what others had. In Study 1, participants read scenarios in which their friend could achieve a goal which they could not, and rated their emotions toward the friend. We manipulated the attainability according to whether the goal could be achieved by effort. In Study 2, participants competed with a confederate, and were informed that their performance was worse than that of the confederate. Afterwards the attainability was manipulated by either informing the participants that the possibility of improving their ability was very low or high. Then participants rated their emotions toward the confederate, and we also checked whether the participants had helped the confederate. As predicted, our findings demonstrated that those in the high attainability condition felt envy less than those in the low attainability condition, but showed no significant differences in helping behavior.

著者

石井 国雄 田戸岡 好香

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.86.14020, (Released:2015-05-28)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

8

---

Previous research has suggested that Western European individuals exhibit negative attitudes toward older adults under pathogen threat. The present study investigated whether Japanese individuals exhibited ageism when pathogen threat was salient. Additionally, the study determined whether pathogen threat would have less of an impact on ageism among individuals with experience living with older adults. Study 1 showed that when pathogen threat was chronically and contextually salient, Japanese university students who had no experience living with older adults exhibited ageism, while those with such experience did not. Study 2 showed similar findings among Japanese nursing students. We argue that familiarity with older adults is essential for diminishing ageism in the event of a pathogen threat.

著者

小野 浩一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.5, pp.307-313, 1983-12-30 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

16

---

The degree of confidence under uncertainty can be described by two aspects: cognitive and behavioral. The present study was designed to examine the relationship between cognition and behavior by measuring confidence scores and conforming responses to cue information in two-choice prediction situation. Probability of cue information being positive was 1.0, .75, .5, .25, and 0. The main results were as follows: (a) Both confidence scores and conforming responses depended on cue information, but while asymptotic confidence scores approximated the probability of positive information under any condition, rates of conforming responses exceeded the probability of positive information except under a 100% condition, (b) in the early stage of trials the pattern of conforming responses markedly differed from that of confidence scores, and (c) confidence scores changed sensitively according to accuracy of cue information. These findings suggest that confidence and behavior result from different sources respectively, and that many biases appear particularly in behavioral aspect.

著者

藤原 武弘 田頭 伸子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.75-79, 1984-06-30 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2 4

---

The purpose of this study is to answer two problems. (1) Which attribute is the most important in the similarity judgments of classical music? (2) Are there differences in the salience of particular dimensions between the music students and the nonmusic students? Forty female subjects were asked to rate nine musical stimuli on semantic differential scales. They were asked again to rate similarity among all possible pairs of the same nine stimuli. Individual difference multidimensional scaling (ALSCAL) yielded two common stimulus dimensions, which were interpreted as affective dimension and historical dimension. There were significant differences between the music students and the nonmusic students in the weight of these dimensions. Perceptual judgments of nonmusic students are dominated only by affective dimension, while those of music students judgments are dominated by both affective and historical dimensions.

著者

下木戸 隆司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.5, pp.469-477, 2007-12-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

2 2

---

This study examined whether semantic satiation effects for a picture exemplar differ from a word exemplar. If massive repetition of the category name leads to an inhibition of conceptual processing, then semantic satiation effects would be found in both the word and picture exemplar conditions. However, if the repetition leads to an inhibition of lexical processing, then effects would be found for the word exemplar but not the picture exemplar. To examine these hypotheses, 48 college students were asked to judge whether a target pair of exemplars belonged to the same named category. The results showed that semantic satiation effects were found equally in both exemplar conditions. Moreover, the picture-superiority effect was intact regardless of the prime repetitions. The possibility was discussed that word and picture exemplars are integrated into an abstract and amodal conceptual unit; hence category judgment was affected by the satiation effect.

著者

堀 麻佑子 沼田 恵太郎 中島 定彦

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.6, pp.625-631, 2014

---

This study investigated the effects of positive and negative reinforcement on superstitious behaviors. Participants were instructed to produce the word "GOOD" on a computer display (positive reinforcement condition) or to remove the word "BAD" (negative reinforcement condition) by pressing any of six keys. The words GOOD or BAD were presented at fixed-time intervals regardless of the participant's responses. In Experiment 1, only participants exposed to the negative reinforcement condition acquired superstitious behaviors. However, the observed asymmetry may not have been due to the polarity of consequences (positive vs. negative) but instead to the amount of time of goal states, because the period of the absence of BAD was longer than the period of the presence of GOOD. Experiment 2 varied the duration of word presentations to match the period of goal state between the positive and negative reinforcement conditions, and found that participants acquired superstitious behaviors equally under the two conditions. These results indicate that the duration of a consequence rather than its polarity is a critical factor controlling superstitious behaviors. The theoretical relationship between superstitious behavior and the illusion of control is discussed.

著者

服部 陽介 本間 喜子 丹野 義彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.85.13060, (Released:2014-08-01)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

2 2

---

The purpose of this study was to clarify the contents of meta-cognitive beliefs about thought suppression and to investigate the relationship between these beliefs and the paradoxical effects of thought suppression. In Study 1, we developed a scale measuring the endorsement of meta-cognitive beliefs about thought suppression. This measure, the Meta-cognitive Beliefs about Thought Suppression Questionnaire (BTQ), has four subscales: Distraction, Paradoxical Effect, Regret, and Promotion of Concentration. In Study 2 and Study 3, the BTQ showed sufficient criterion-related validity and test-retest reliability. In Study 4, we conducted an experiment to investigate the relationship between meta-cognitive beliefs about thought suppression and its paradoxical effects. Results showed that the Paradoxical Effect subscale score significantly predicted the number of intrusive thoughts during thought suppression. The development process of meta-cognitive beliefs about thought suppression and implications for research about cognitive control are discussed.

著者

井深 信男

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.5, pp.300-315, 1985

---

Recent advances on the study of circadian rhythm are reviewed and discussed on the following topics: (1) its phylogeny (the existence of extraretinal photoreceptors, photoreceptors for entrainment, the location of circadian oscillators), (2) its ontogeny and aging, (3) its central neural mechanism (the ablation study of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the electrophysiological study of the SCN in multiple unit activity and single neuron activity in rat hypothalamic slice preparation, the use of 2-DG as a functional marker, the transplantation of the SCN, the afferents and efferents of SCN and its peptides), (4) multiple oscillators theory (the anticipatory activities in rats with SCN lesions in response to the restricted feeding schedule, internal desynchronization, splitting), and (5) its psychological significance. Many lines of evidence have shown that the SCN is a putative circadian pacemaker in mammals. On the other hand, other lines of evidence suggest that there are other oscillators outside the SCN. Finally it is emphasized that the chronobiological viewpoint is necessary for the development of psychology.

著者

鈴川 由美 豊田 秀樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.1, pp.51-63, 2012 (Released:2012-09-26)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1 3

---

This study analyzed the statistical power of research studies published in the “Japanese Journal of Psychology” in 2008 and 2009. Sample effect sizes and sample statistical powers were calculated for each statistical test and analyzed with respect to the analytical methods and the fields of the studies. The results show that in the fields like perception, cognition or learning, the effect sizes were relatively large, although the sample sizes were small. At the same time, because of the small sample sizes, some meaningful effects could not be detected. In the other fields, because of the large sample sizes, meaningless effects could be detected. This implies that researchers who could not get large enough effect sizes would use larger samples to obtain significant results.

著者

山内 香奈

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.2, pp.117-125, 2012 (Released:2012-11-20)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1

---

This research employed an extended hypothetical model that included the cognitions of attribution and importance from Oliver's (1980) expectancy-disconfirmation model. The model examined factors which might mitigate the experiences of dissatisfied passengers who encountered the types of service disruption that occur frequently on city train routes. A covariance structural analysis model was applied to questionnaire data obtained from 5 383 railroad users who encountered problems. The passengers' degree of discontent was most strongly influenced by their evaluation of the responsibility attributed by the railroad company. The strong influence of the passengers' impression of the impropriety of the railroad company's announcements regarding the train service make it imperative for the railroad company to take strong corrective action. The passengers' dissatisfaction will decrease greatly when there are appropriate announcements, in addition to the alleviation of discrepancies related to time, confusion, and changes.

著者

伊藤 裕子 相良 順子

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.3, pp.211-216, 2012-08

著者

高橋 美保 森田 慎一郎 石津 和子

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.2, pp.100-107, 2012-06

著者

佐々木 淳 丹野 義彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.4, pp.397-402, 2005-10-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

4 4

---

During adolescence, it is known that some experiences similar to mental disorders are observed in normal people. This study empirically examined the psychological factors causing the distress of egorrhea symptoms, i. e., the feeling that the internal state is “seen through.” Possible psychological factors were identified based on previous studies. A questionnaire battery was administered to undergraduate students and a series of multiple regression analyses was conducted on the questionnaire data with the degrees of distress as the dependent variable and psychological factors as independent variables. The results indicated that the distress of egorrhea symptoms in the situation of “blushing and dismay” was led by the idea of offending, the motivation for avoiding rejection, and suspicion; and that the distress of egorrhea symptoms in the situation of “disagreeable individual” was led by the idea of offending, motivation for avoiding rejection, and secrecy. The results suggest that the ideas of offending and the motivation for avoiding rejection have a significant influence on egorrhea symptoms. Finally, the relationship between egorrhea symptoms and communication was discussed.

著者

齊藤 陽子 佐久間 尚子 石井 賢二 水澤 英洋

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.5, pp.405-413, 2009 (Released:2012-03-20)

参考文献数

25

---

Two experiments were conducted to identify the role of lyrics and melody in song recognition. Experiment 1 (N=30) investigated the ratings of familiarity, age of acquisition, retrievability of lyrics or melody, and happiness for 100 Japanese children's songs. In Experiment 2 (N=31), a familiarity-judgment task was conducted involving three stimulus types—sung lyrics (SONG), spoken lyrics (LYRICS), and sung melody using the syllable/la/ (MELODY) —for two excerpts (beginning and middle locations). The participants were instructed to judge whether an excerpt sounded familiar as quickly as possible. The more familiar the songs, the easier could they be identified from the three stimulus types. SONG-response time (RT) was shorter than MELODY-RT for both beginning and middle, and than LYRICS-RT for the middle. The location effect emerged most prominently for LYRICS-RT. Our results suggest that interactively connected information of lyrics and melody may facilitate song recognition. Lyrics in the beginning might be an index only for certain, very familiar songs, whereas melody may play a facilitative role for song recognition regardless of location.