著者

白岩 祐子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.94.22219, (Released:2023-09-01)

参考文献数

51

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In Study 1, a web survey (n = 719) was conducted to develop the Afterlife Belief Scale (second person version). Factor analysis revealed that the scale had a five-factor structure: coexistence with the soul, heaven, reincarnation, integration into the Great Being, and memory/recording. All factors were related to the bereaved family’s sense of loss and other factors. In Study 2, a web survey was again conducted with Study 1 participants (n = 332) to examine the reliability of the scale and to further investigate its relationship to the bereaved family’s attitude toward autopsy and organ donation. Among the afterlife beliefs, coexistence with the soul was confirmed to be related to refusal of an autopsy and organ donation, and integration into the Great Being was related to acceptance of an organ donation. It was discussed that the Japanese emphasis on preserving the body of the deceased is related to their images of the afterlife.

著者

上市 秀雄 楠見 孝

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.81-88, 1998-06-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

13 3

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This study examined the effects of individual difference and situation on risk taking behavior. In Experiment 1, 115 undergraduates completed a questionnaire of personality (sensation seeking, optimism, etc.) and their risk taking behavior, risk perception, and anxiety in eight situations: personal, social, gain-loss, and loss situations. Results indicated an effect of personality on risk taking behavior in personal gain-loss situations (sports and life event), which was mediated by perceived risk controllability. In Experiment 2, 137 undergraduates completed a questionnaire of personality, cognitive variables (risk perception, own competence, and perceived cost and benefit), and risk taking behavior in personal gain-loss situations (sports, life event, and gambling). Results of covariance structure analysis showed that perceived risk controllability affected the relationship between the variables. For instance, risk significance and perceived cost and benefit mediated the effect of ‘controllability with skills’ on risk taking behavior in the controllable situation (e.g., sports). Similarly, competence and risk perception mediated the effect of ‘uncontrollable luck factors’ in the chance situation (e.g., life event).

著者

白川 真裕 島田 貴仁 樋口 匡貴

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.6, pp.516-525, 2023 (Released:2023-02-25)

参考文献数

32

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Based on the protection motivation theory and previous studies that discussed the effects of risk perception, perceived response effectiveness, and self-efficacy on behavioral intentions and changes in behavior, this study conducted an experiment to examine the effects of the Metropolitan Police Department's crime deterrence task force’s official Twitter account on crime prevention behavior. Information on the threat of communications fraud, the effectiveness of preventive behavior, and self-efficacy was presented via Twitter, and changes in behavioral intention, behavior, fear, effectiveness, and self-efficacy were checked over time. Participants in their 20s to 50s were assigned to a Metropolitan Police Department group presented with tweets about scams or to a control group presented with other tweets. The results of the analysis of the 60 participants in the police department group and the 49 participants in the control group showed that the presentation of information increased behavioral intention, but it did not necessarily lead to changes in behavior. Therefore, it was suggested that there may be other factors that increase behavioral intention and changes in behavior.

著者

下木戸 隆司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.1, pp.41-48, 2004-04-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1 1

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In this study, it was examined whether or not visual quality of letter strings influenced the detection of semantic satiation in a lexical decision task. Previous studies concluded that lexical decision tasks cannot detect semantic satiation, because semantic information was not fully utilized in this task. Recently, however, it has been shown that semantic satiation is detected in this task as long as semantic information of the target was fully utilized. This study examined whether or not semantic satiation in the lexical decision task is found when a visually degraded target was presented. Forty-eight college students participated in the experiment. Semantic satiation was found in the degraded target condition, but not found in the intact target condition, which was consistent with the previous studies. These results suggest that this effect in the lexical decision task is found only if the target is degraded, and semantic information of the target is available for the decision.

著者

齋藤 岳人 樋口 大樹 井上 和哉 小林 哲生

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.2, pp.139-149, 2022 (Released:2022-06-25)

参考文献数

24

---

Perimetric complexity, which is a simple metric of character (letter) complexity defined by an image’s area and peripheral length, has been widely used, especially in alphabetic orthographies. We examined whether perimetric complexity is also a valid index for Japanese kana characters (hiragana and katakana) by comparing it with subjective complexity. We obtained evaluations of subjective complexities from Japanese and English speakers and calculated the mean of each character for each type of speaker for character-based analyses. The analyses revealed three main findings: (a) Perimetric complexity was highly correlated with subjective complexity (rs > .85), and its correlation was higher than that between the subjective complexity and other measures for character complexity (i.e., stroke count). (b) The perimetric complexities were highly correlated across different typefaces, except for significantly different typefaces. (c) Subjective complexity was highly correlated between Japanese and English speakers. These findings suggest that perimetric complexity can also be used as an index for Japanese kana character complexity.

著者

藤原 佑貴 宮寺 貴之 久原 恵理子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.94.21052, (Released:2023-09-01)

参考文献数

30

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This study examines victimization cases where adolescent girls were forced to send sexually explicit photos of themselves to offenders they met online. Adolescent girls who were victimized (n = 138) and police officers who had worked with the victims (n = 136) answered questionnaires. The communications between victims and suspects were classified into four types using multiple correspondence analysis. In the “active children” type, the victims made first contact and were not threatened. In the “tenuous relationship” type, the victims disclosed less information to suspects, who were acquaintances. In the “abusing mutual interests” type, suspects quickly progressed to communicating with victims by audio and video and forced sexual activities. In the “romantic relationship” type, most of the victims and suspects were involved romantically and the victims self-disclosed more information. The characteristics of victims were compared among these groups. The results indicate the need to consider the variation of cases to examine preventive measures against adolescent girls sending sexually explicit photos.

著者

廣田 奈穂美 大塚 泰正

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.94.22017, (Released:2023-09-01)

参考文献数

32

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This study investigated how Japanese cancer survivors adapt to their bodies and jobs and find meaning in their work while dealing with various mental distresses after a cancer diagnosis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 working cancer survivors. The analysis of the interviews using the Modified Grounded Theory Approach generated 38 concepts, 12 subcategories, and 3 categories. The process by which cancer survivors found meaning in their work included three stages: “questioning the self,” “restarting life,” and “integration of work and life.” They embarked on a new life journey, determined to live as cancer survivors. Their journey can be described as a process in which cancer survivors seek the meaning of life and work through their cancer experience and foster their life careers while gradually acquiring these meanings.

著者

渡邉 健蔵 濱口 佳和

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.94.22223, (Released:2023-09-01)

参考文献数

47

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The present study sought to develop a Japanese version of the Peer Conflict Scale for high school students and to examine its reliability and validity. According to the results of the confirmatory factor analysis, the Japanese version of the Peer Conflict Scale, unlike the original version, had a three-factor structure, with sufficient internal consistency and strong measurement invariance across genders. Furthermore, this study examined the validity of the scale based on correlations with variables associated with the forms and functional aspects of aggressive behavior and anxiety. Findings showed that the Japanese version of the Peer Conflict Scale had good validity and may be administered to high school students.

著者

池田 慎之介

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.3, pp.254-260, 2023 (Released:2023-08-25)

参考文献数

30

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Sato (2014) reported through three experiments (n = 10 for each) that the concept of time is distributed on our bodies and that associations are found between the right hand and the future and the left hand and the past. The present study replicated Sato’s experiment, and also added a condition in which only one hand was used, to examine whether associations with temporal concepts could also be found for the right and left fingers. The results showed that in Experiment 1 (n = 10), no associations with temporal concepts were found in either the two-handed or right-handed conditions, while in Experiment 2 (n = 20), which used twice the sample size, some associations with temporal concepts were found only in the two-handed condition. Furthermore, in Experiment 3 (n = 20), no associations with temporal concepts were found in either the two-hand or left-hand conditions. These results suggest that temporal concepts are not associated with fingers and that the association between the left and right hand may not be as robust as reported by Sato (2014).

著者

岡田 安功 宮地 由芽子 鶴身 孝介 楠見 孝

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.2, pp.109-119, 2023 (Released:2023-06-25)

参考文献数

40

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This study investigated the effect of accepting apologies and alcohol intake on anger expression through a laboratory experiment simulating a railway use situation. Fifty adult men participated in this study. 24 men were assigned to the alcohol group and 26 men were assigned to the non-alcohol group. After drinking either an alcoholic or a non-alcoholic beverage, they watched an animation that showed a frustrating situation at a train station. Following the animation, they watched three types of videos depicting staff responses to a passenger: “apology in a businesslike tone,” “apology with bowing in a polite manner,” and “non-apology.” After watching each video, the participants physically expressed their anger by hand grip strength using a hand dynamometer imagining that they were in the video situation. Only the participants in the alcohol group expressed their anger more strongly after watching “apology in a businesslike tone” than “apology with bowing in a polite manner.” These results suggest that explicit polite and non-verbal expressions of apology to passengers by staff are important to reducing anger expressed by intoxicated passengers.

著者

宗接 哲也 堀内 孝

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.86.14314, (Released:2015-05-28)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

3 3

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The survival processing effect is a robust memory phenomenon of memory whereby encouraging participants to judge words for relevance to a survival situation produces better recall than other processing tasks such as semantic or self-reference tasks (Nairne, Thompson, & Pandeirada, 2007). The present study separated memory performance into recollection and familiarity, and estimated the contribution of these two factors to the survival processing effect as adaptive memory by using a recognition test based on the dual-process signal detection model. This study also examined the long-term persistence of the effect by delay manipulation (immediate, after a week, after five weeks) of the recognition test. Under delayed conditions (after a week and five weeks), survival processing advantage occurred on recollection, but semantic processing had no effect. In contrast, for familiarity, there was no significant difference between survival and semantic processing. These findings suggest that the survival processing effect mainly relies on recollection.

著者

川西 千弘

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.4, pp.261-268, 1995-10-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The present study investigated how the influence and the function of a face on person perception might vary with the number of targets (one, two or four) and the degree of facial attractiveness (positive or negative). One hundred sixty-seven female undergraduates were tested. After studying behavioral descriptions and photographs of targets, each subject was asked to form impressions and recall the descriptions of the targets. The main results were as follows. (a) A face became more influential as the number of targets increased. (b) A positive face exerted greater influence than a nagative face. (c) The effet of the number of targets was greater for nagative faces.

著者

荊 其誠

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.117-121, 1989-06-30 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

22

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The recent development of psychology in the People's Republic of China is reviewed in some important areas. The foundations of Chinese psychology is traced back to Chinese ancient philosophy and modern Marxist ideology. The difficulty encountered in the building of a new psychology as well as some exemplary research topics are described. Special emphasis is made on the psychological research related to the one-child family problem. A final discussion is on the relation of psychology to China's four Modernizations.

著者

藤原 和政 川俣 理恵 粕谷 貴志

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.93.21036, (Released:2022-08-30)

参考文献数

27

---

The present study investigates the changes in school satisfaction of high school students in credit-based schools. A total of 315 students (boys = 141, girls = 174) participated in longitudinal study surveys conducted annually during their high school years (a total of three surveys). The results of the latent growth curve model indicated that approved as a classmate increased, while infringed and maladjustment decreased. Furthermore, it was shown that the changes in approved as a classmate and infringed and maladjustment were linked. In addition, as a result of the growth mixture model, three profiles were extracted: (a) a profile similar to the latent growth curve model, (b) a profile in which there was no change in approved as a classmate but an increase in infringed and maladjustment, and (c) a profile in which there was no longitudinal change in either approved as a classmate or infringed and maladjustment. Based on these results, the direction of educational support in credit-based high schools and future prospects were discussed.

著者

澤田 忠幸

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.5, pp.468-476, 2013-12-25 (Released:2014-03-01)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

8 8

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This study examined the relationship among human relations in the workplace, job involvement, affective commitment and continuance commitment with occupational and organizational commitment, and well-being. Questionnaires were completed by 855 female nurses who worked in four public hospitals (mean age = 32.6 years).The results of factor analysis showed that each component of the vocational constructs was distinguishable from the others. Path analysis showed that human relations in the workplace directly influenced job involvement and affective commitment both to the occupation and to the organization. Job involvement in turn directly influenced affective commitment and continuance commitment to the occupation. Job involvement also influenced affective commitment to the organization directly, and indirectly through affective commitment to the occupation. Finally, it was found that human relations in the workplace and affective commitment to the occupation positively influenced well-being; continuance commitment to the occupation was a negative influence. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

著者

中井 宏 小川 和久

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.4, pp.373-382, 2014 (Released:2014-10-25)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2 1

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Interview and questionnaire surveys were conducted with bus drivers in Japan, with the goal of developing an educational program for better control of emotions among bus drivers. The interviews aimed at identifying stressors and ways in which stress negatively influenced bus services. The questionnaire survey, which was being developed as a self-diagnosis tool, further provided bus drivers with the opportunity to understand their own emotional tendencies. Factor analysis identified six factors underlying work-related stress: anger at unsafe behaviours of nearby road users, irritation caused by complaints from passengers, time pressures, anxiety about traffic accidents, impatience with slow passengers, and resentment of bad-mannered passengers. The influence of stress on the drivers comprised four factors: cognitive failure, sullen behaviour, abrupt acceleration/deceleration, and aggressive driving. Moreover, drivers with lower stress were relatively older and more experienced. Based on these results, educational materials were proposed with the aim of enhancing bus drivers’ understanding of their emotional processes and coping skills.

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.4, pp.217-219, 1964 (Released:2010-07-16)

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

髙橋 幸子 松井 豊

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.2, pp.181-187, 2023 (Released:2023-06-25)

参考文献数

30

---

This study was designed to clarify the process by which a favorable work environment before a disaster affects work stressors and stress responses of local government employees recovering from a natural disaster caused by an earthquake, heavy rains, or localized landslides. The results of a cross-sectional questionnaire survey conducted with 943 employees engaged in disaster response work in two disaster-stricken local governments indicated that 8.6 % of the employees were at high risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and 6.0 % were likely to have mood and anxiety disorders. A path analysis revealed that a more favorable pre-disaster work environment resulted in more positive engagement with citizens and less negative engagement after the disaster, as well as less work-related relationship difficulties. However, experiencing work-related relationship difficulties, heavier workloads, and a lack of a sense of self-control in their work led to stronger PTSD symptoms and mood and anxiety disorders. These results suggest that favorable work environments, as a pre-disaster preparedness measure, might mitigate the work stressors associated with recovery work and thus reduce stress responses.

著者

福留 広大 森永 康子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.2, pp.188-193, 2023 (Released:2023-06-25)

参考文献数

20

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In Japan, a married couple must use the same surname to comply with the civil code, and the wife takes her husband’s surname in more than 95 % of married couples. We hypothesized that ambivalent sexism, including hostile and benevolent sexism, is related to the preferred surname choice among unmarried men and women. We discovered the following results. First, men showed averseness to changing their surnames, while women showed acceptance. Second, individuals strongly endorsing hostile sexism were more likely to accept changing their surnames than those endorsing it weakly. Third, men strongly supporting benevolent sexism refused to change their surnames. The relationships between ambivalent sexism and surname choice in Japan were discussed.

著者

鈴木 公啓

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.94.22309, (Released:2023-06-30)

参考文献数

29

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This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of body image of Japanese high school girls and the relationship between body dissatisfaction and the desire to lose weight using objective silhouette figures developed based on real and objective data from Japanese girls. Additionally, the girls’ body image was also examined by male high school students. A total of 169 female and 148 male high school students were asked to respond to several body images using an objective silhouette figure. The female high school students also responded to items measuring body dissatisfaction and the desire to lose weight. The results confirmed that the girls had not overestimated their body image and that they idealized a body shape considerably slimmer than their current body shape. The results also suggest that cognition rather than substance of body shape is related to body dissatisfaction and the desire to lose weight. Furthermore, the results also indicated that estimation gaze by same-sex rather than opposite-sex is essential in determining the ideal image.