著者

徳本 冬華 西名 大作 田中 貴宏

出版者

Architectural Institute of Japan

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.699, pp.393-402, 2014

被引用文献数

1

---

The purpose of this study is to identify the attributes of Semi-Outdoor space which is better to stay for a short time. In this paper, "AMA-YADORI" is focused as one of the actions in Semi-Outdoor space to get out of the rain. The psychological experiment was conducted based on the results of the questionnaire survey carried out to obtain the actual conditions of "AMA-YADORI". In the experiment, the subjects were asked to evaluate 40 photographs of Semi-Outdoor spaces taken in Hiroshima City. The evaluation tendencies of the comprehensive and individual evaluation items and image evaluation items were shown and the relationships among these evaluations were examined. Furthermore, the physical attributes of Semi-Outdoor spaces preferred for "AMA-YADORI" were clarified based on the relationships between the psychological evaluation and the physical attributes.

著者

金子 弘幸 大佛 俊泰

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.742, pp.1051-1059, 2017 (Released:2017-12-30)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

---

The trajectory analysis of pedestrians using the tracking system of laser scanners is an effective approach for understanding the usage of facility spaces. Carefully looking at the pedestrian trajectories observed in an outpatient reception area of a hospital, we can find some specific patterns of patient behavior. For instance, some patients come in the area from the main entrance, line up at the return visit reception machines, and leave to the consulting room area slowly. Also, some coming from the main entrance, pass through the return visit reception machines, and leave the consulting room area quickly. These examples indicate that behavior patterns and attribute information of facility users can be estimated from their trajectory features such as directionality, staying place and walking speed. However, it requires a heavy load to manually extract the features from pedestrian trajectories and classify them into some adequate patterns. Hence, it is highly desirable to achieve this task automatically. In this paper, we proposed a method of pedestrian trajectory classification using the Restricted Boltzmann machine, by which we can automatically find the inherent features of pedestrian trajectories. This method was applied to an outpatient waiting area of a hospital. Comparing manual and automatic classification, we demonstrated the usefulness and sufficient performance of our proposed method in extracting the feature of directionality, staying place and walking speed. The details are as follows: (1) Modeling of pedestrian trajectory The trajectory data were divided into three-layers composed of 1 m square grids, which were consisting of “Front layer”, “Back layer” expressing the directionality, and “Staying layer” expressing staying places. The restricted Boltzmann machine had input units and binary hidden neurons, by which the feature of the trajectory data were generated after sufficient learning. In setting the number of hidden neurons, the 100 × 8 model, which had 100 neurons in the first hidden layer and 8 neurons in the second hidden layer, was applied by comparing the information entropy of the hidden layer. (2) Model validation In the 100 × 8 model, the degree of coincidence between the results by manual classification and automatic classification was examined. The entropy ratio, which is an index for checking the degree of agreement, was 0.6% in the entropy ratio by manual classification, and 10.6% by automatic classification. The results showed that the manual classification and the automatic classification was in good agreement. In addition, the trajectory distribution diagrams were configured for each machine classification, and the feature pattern diagrams were made by 2nd hidden neurons, which automatically found inherent features. These diagrams demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed method.

著者

久保田 徹

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.616, pp.83-89, 2007

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

2 7

---

This paper presents the findings of a questionnaire survey on usage of air-conditioners and windows among selected households in apartment houses in Johor Bahru City, Malaysia and compares the results with those in terraced houses surveyed previously. The frequency of respondents who open their windows during the nighttime in apartment houses was higher by 20% than that in terraced houses. However, this did not directly contribute to reduce the use of air-conditioners in apartment houses. It is especially important to find out the means to reduce both numbers and use of air-conditioners directly in order to help achieve energy-saving objectives in Malaysian residential areas.

著者

浅輪 貴史 藤原 邦彦 梅干野 晁 清水 克哉

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.720, pp.235-245, 2016

被引用文献数

6

---

This study quantifies the convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) of the entire crown of Zelkova serrata under outdoor conditions. The CHTC is determined from whole-tree heat balances for two individual trees which differ in their transpiration rate. The whole-tree transpiration rate of the irrigated tree was measured by a highly accurate, large weighing lysimeter, while the leaf temperatures were measured by infrared thermography. The estimated CHTC was hc=7.9U+17.2 (R2=0.56, U: representative wind speed for the site) for the entire crown and hc= 8.3u+18.2 (R2=0.77, u: wind speed near the leaf) for the individual leaf. The CHTCs were identified as being double the value given by the Jürges formula, due to the size and amount of flutter of the leaves.

著者

小林 謙介 若林 國久

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:1881817X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.720, pp.255-261, 2016 (Released:2016-02-28)

被引用文献数

3

著者

大熊 涼子 石野 久彌 中山 哲士

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.618, pp.31-36, 2007-08-30 (Released:2017-02-25)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

6

---

Room air temperature is recommended to be kept 28℃ for conservation of energy today. For human thermal comfort in room temperature of 28℃, it is likely to need personal control of the men dress lighter and, an increased air velocity. The present paper, by questionnaire survey in office at air temperature of 28℃, and experiment with subjects and thermal manikin of various clothes at chamber shows how human may feel to environment with air temperature of 28℃. Additionally, it is proposed to comfortable condition at room temperature of 28℃ in office as clothes, air flow, and radiant temperature.

著者

古川 容子 土屋 伸一 稲原 攝雄 長谷見 雄二

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.581, pp.9-14, 2004-07-30 (Released:2017-01-27)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

6

---

To inspect the suitability of using the ordinary wearing elderly simulator, which is called "INSTANT-SENIOR", instead of senior, the walking time and the behavior of the group with the ordinary and "INSTANT-SENIOR" are compared with those of the ordinary and senior. As the result, we concluded that "INSTANT-SENIOR" is available as the subject to model the walking behavior of the group evacuation from the point that they become obstacles to the ordinary as the senior do and they won't change the speed during the repeated experiments. Therefore, the experiment of the group evacuation using "INSTANT-SENIOR" as subject is shown in this paper.

著者

山本 杏子 小島 隆矢

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.710, pp.323-330, 2015 (Released:2015-05-12)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2

---

This study examines the model of evaluation structure by experience value in a comedy theater. First surveys researched the factor of strategic experiential modules in comedy theater was decided by factor analysis. Second surveys researched the factor and evaluation structure which affects ACT. Third surveys researched the evaluation-structure model by comparison with theater types and user type. The results are as followings: 1) The factor of FEEL“the upsurge of emotions” and THINK “attachment” affects the ACT “revisit” intention of a theater. 2) The "evaluation-structure model" differed, depending on ACT and the types of theaters

著者

菊本 英紀 崔 元 準 大岡 龍三

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.734, pp.357-365, 2017 (Released:2017-04-30)

参考文献数

23

---

Natural ventilation is a good measure to reduce the thermal load of a building and create a good thermal environment for the occupants. To predict the ventilation performance of a building, related ventilation parameters should be estimated. However, obtaining an accurate prediction or estimation before the construction is completed is difficult because of the fluctuating characteristics of turbulent, complex local flow field affected by surrounding buildings and city-scale topology. These problems make the application of natural ventilation difficult, and therefore, an in situ experimental method adopted after the construction of a building is completed would be a more reliable way of obtaining accurate ventilation parameters. The tracer gas method is a frequently used in situ method to examine ventilation performance. However, deterministic evaluation using this method has its drawbacks in terms of accuracy, and the uncertainty of results could be large because of fluctuating environmental conditions and intrinsic error of measurement. Therefore, when parameters related to natural ventilation are estimated, the estimates and their uncertainty should be concurrently evaluated. In this study, using a Bayesian approach, we propose a new estimation method that yields not only the estimates, but also the probability distribution of the estimates. To validate the proposed method, we reproduced a tracer gas experiment using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation because the experimental absolute true values that are unknown in most situations were required for evaluating the proposed method. Using the data from CFD simulation, estimations of the ventilation rate and effective room volume were obtained using two different methods: probabilistic estimation based on Bayes' theorem, and deterministic estimation using the quasi-Newton method. In the probabilistic estimation, a method of simultaneously estimating the degree of the difference between the measurement value and the prediction value required for estimation was proposed. The estimation results showed that the estimated values of the deterministic method and probabilistic method (mode of probability distribution function) were very close to the true value set in the CFD simulation. However, the probabilistic method has some advantages over the deterministic method in that the former method can provide not only the estimates, but also the probability distribution of each estimate and its confidence interval. Additionally, in the case of a simultaneous estimation of more than two unknown parameters, it is important to analyze the correlation among parameters. By creating a joint probability density function, the correlation between the estimation parameters is determined, and this is another important advantage of the probabilistic estimation method.

著者

佐藤 博臣 栗岡 均 佐藤 寛

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.595, pp.1-8, 2005

被引用文献数

2 2

---

The risk communication tool, which can reduce the danger of fire spread at the early stage by the arrangement and selection of the furniture, was proposed to the dwelling residents. 1) The possibility of the classified standard arrangement model was verified. The data was obtained under the actual conditions, based on the analysis of the furniture arrangements in the 516 rooms where students live and 248 homes. 2) Regarding the room area arranged with standard furniture, the figure which indicates the critical ignition distance was suggested. It controls the combustion of the fire source related to the furniture arrangement etc. to the local combustion. According to this figure, a method using the occupied ratio of the fire safety floor was proposed.

著者

竹崎 義則 山海 敏弘

出版者

Architectural Institute of Japan

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.644, pp.1145-1154, 2009

被引用文献数

2

---

The authors installed a saving water washing machine, a dishwasher, a saving water shower, a saving water toilet stool in six detached house, and investigated the change of each supplied waters.As a result, I knew the following.<br>1. A saving water effect was the highest a washing machine in saving water equipments, and a supplied water reduced 60% in comparison with the conventional washing machine. The saving water toilet stool was setting only to three detached house next, but it was reduction of 20%in comparison with the toilet stool conventionally.<br>2. The total supplied waters before installing saving water equipments was about 250L•person^-1•day^-1, but came by reduction on about 200L•person^-1•day^-1 and 50L•person^-1•day^-1 after having installed saving water machinery.<br>3. However,the saving water effect of the dishwasher and the shower were restrictive.

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.620, pp.Cover39, 2007-10-30 (Released:2017-02-25)

著者

菊本 英紀 大岡 龍三

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.730, pp.1127-1136, 2016 (Released:2016-12-30)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1

---

Particulate matter (PM) adversely affects human health. Even though PM tends to consist of higher concentrations outdoors, indoor PM concentrations should not be overlooked, given that people spend most of their time indoors. When there is no strong indoor PM source, indoor concentrations change within a certain ratio following the diffusion of outdoor concentrations indoors. The Indoor/Outdoor (I/O) concentration ratio is affected by static building properties such as airtightness, ventilation system type, and the system's air filter performance. However, natural ventilation can have a dynamic influence on the I/O ratio because of significant changes in ventilation rates and flow patterns within the building. This study measured PM concentrations for particles ranging from 0.3 to 10 μm in size. The study was conducted in a room of an office building in Tokyo, over a three-week period. The size ranges were divided into 16 channels and 10-min averages of the number of particles at each channel were measured using an optical particle counter. Occupants in the room utilized natural ventilation by manually opening a window. The window was opened and closed twelve times during the entirety of the measurements. Because outdoor PM consisted of higher concentrations than that found indoors, the natural ventilation lead to larger Indoor/Outdoor (I/O) concentration ratios. The PM concentrations were observed to increase and decrease just after the window was opened and closed, respectively. These concentration changes were more remarkable for PM consisting of larger particle sizes. Where PM measured 10 μm, concentrations increased 8 times after opening the window and decreased 0.5 times after closing the window on an average hourly basis. Particle-size is a factor for concentration changes caused by natural ventilation as discussed using concentration prediction based on the mass balance equation of indoor PM. As a result, the dependency was explained quantitatively in terms of the difference in the gravity-settlement velocity of the particles. Using ventilation parameters estimated in this analysis, the I/O ratio of PM concentration as a function of the particle size was predicted. During natural ventilation, indoor PM consisting of particles smaller than 1 μm can have the equivalent concentration of outdoor PM. However, particle size increase leads to a larger gravity-settlement velocity and lower I/O ratio. Therefore, particles measuring 10 μm are predicted to have an I/O ratio of 40% in accordance with the room analyzed in this study.

著者

山本 杏子 小島 隆矢

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.695, pp.37-44, 2014-01-30 (Released:2014-07-10)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 1

---

This study examines the feature of the user's behavior in a comedy theater by comparison with another kind of theater. First survey researched the user type and user's needs. Second survey researched for user's behavior before and after performance to analyze behavior of the environment around theater affects revisit of a theater. The results are as followings:1) Comedy theaters are places which young women visit with their friend, and are used for their communication.2) The ease of behavior of the environment around a comedy theater affects the revisit intention of a theater.

著者

菊本 英紀 大岡 龍三 加藤 信介

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.725, pp.607-614, 2016 (Released:2016-07-30)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2

---

When the concentration of an aerial pollutant is detected at some observation points in an urban or built environment, immediate source identification allows for application of effective measures to decrease the concentration of the pollutant and its adverse effects. In this case, source identification involves determination of the source position and source strength from measured concentrations. We propose a novel method for identifying the source of an environmental pollutant continuously released from a point source in a turbulent flow field at a statistically steady state. The method employs the analysis of tracer dispersion released from observation points of the pollutant in a reversed flow field (RFF). The RFF is artificially produced from the forward flow field (FFF) in which the pollutant is transported. The direction of temporal progress and velocity vectors in the RFF are created opposite to those in the FFF. In a statistically steady turbulent flow and concentration field, the concentration of matter at a position can be expressed as a product of its source strength and expected staying time (EST) per unit volume at the position of a particle of the matter. From the discussion on the probabilistic behavior of a virtual particle in the flow fields, we found that the EST between two related points has an identical value when the release and monitoring points are interchanged in the FFF and RFF. Using the relationship of the EST and the tracer dispersion from the observation points in the RFF, the measured concentration of the pollutant and the EST give the estimated source strength as a function of the position. This property coincides with the duality of the scalar fields analytically derived in the adjoint method. When they have multiple observation points, each tracer dispersion analysis gives different distributions of the estimated source strength. However, the source strength has to have a unique point value for physical realizability. This condition reduces candidate positions of the pollutant source. When the dispersion of the pollutant occurs in the n-th dimensional space, the number of parameters is n + 1, which contains n space coordinates of the source position and the source strength. Consequently, n + one observation points allow the determination of all parameters in the source identification. This paper presents the basic idea of the source identification method based on physical consideration of the particle behavior in the RFF. An example of the source identification procedure is also presented for pollutant dispersion in a two-dimensional uniform flow field. However, the solution of source identification obtained with the present method can be very sensitive to the errors that are assumed to occur in the measurement or analysis of flow and concentration fields. For practical applications, an additional method to provide robust solutions against these errors are needed and will be considered in future studies.

著者

伊藤 清 川島 実 荒井 義人 高橋 満博 村上 宏次 野部 達夫

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.723, pp.447-455, 2016

被引用文献数

1

---

Energy conservation technology has been in high demand in relation to efforts to realize (net) zero-energy buildings (ZEBs). Ceiling radiant cooling panel systems represent a key energy-conservation technology which can yield high efficiency, since it uses moderately cold water (1618°C), offers integration with other energy-efficient strategies, such as indirect evaporative cooling or ground source heat pumps, and does not require energy to propel a fan to remove the cooling load. Furthermore, a radiant ceiling cooling panel system provides greater comfort to occupants because it does not produce a draught. Therefore, ceiling radiant cooling panel systems can offer both reductions in cooling energy consumption and a comfortable environment for occupants. However, there are several problems with applying a ceiling radiant cooling system in Japan. Firstly, there is limited data about the cooling performance of such systems because few have been constructed in Japan. For this reason, it is important to determine the cooling performance of radiant ceiling panels. Secondly, radiant ceiling panels have limited cooling performance, so it is necessary to consider a special system to remove the perimeter load. Thirdly, an outdoor air-conditioning system is needed to provide outdoor air to occupants. The objective of this paper is to present an outline of the proposed system, results of the thermal performance tests in an experimental facility, and the operational performance in a building to which the proposed system is applied. The proposed system consists of ceiling radiant cooling panels, perimeter chilled beams, and an outdoor-air supply system. The ceiling radiant cooling panels remove the interior cooling load. The perimeter chilled beams remove the perimeter cooling load. The outdoor-air supply system has a personal floor diffuser, a perimeter linear diffuser and a return-air inlet near the window top. The return-air inlet removes the hot air from the window to remove the perimeter load efficiently. An experimental facility for the proposed system was constructed, and thermal performance tests were performed. The results show a vertical temperature differential of less than 0.5°C, and the perimeter chilled beam can remove the peak summer cooling load appropriately. The cooling capacity of the ceiling radiant cooling panels and perimeter chilled beams are approximately 80 W/m2 and 120 W/m2 respectively under conditions whereby the difference in temperature between the water input and output is 9.0°C. Measurement of the system was performed in the actual building to which the system was applied. The results show that the ceiling radiant cooling panels and chilled beams can be controlled to remove varying cooling loads. The cooling capacity of the ceiling radiant cooling panels and chilled beams in the actual building proved almost equal to the experimental data. Thus, it is demonstrated that the proposed system can remove the cooling load as expected.

著者

伊藤 清 川島 実 荒井 義人 高橋 満博 村上 宏次 野部 達夫

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.723, pp.447-455, 2016

被引用文献数

1

---

&nbsp;Energy conservation technology has been in high demand in relation to efforts to realize (net) zero-energy buildings (ZEBs). Ceiling radiant cooling panel systems represent a key energy-conservation technology which can yield high efficiency, since it uses moderately cold water (16-18&deg;C), offers integration with other energy-efficient strategies, such as indirect evaporative cooling or ground source heat pumps, and does not require energy to propel a fan to remove the cooling load. Furthermore, a radiant ceiling cooling panel system provides greater comfort to occupants because it does not produce a draught. Therefore, ceiling radiant cooling panel systems can offer both reductions in cooling energy consumption and a comfortable environment for occupants.<br>&nbsp;However, there are several problems with applying a ceiling radiant cooling system in Japan. Firstly, there is limited data about the cooling performance of such systems because few have been constructed in Japan. For this reason, it is important to determine the cooling performance of radiant ceiling panels. Secondly, radiant ceiling panels have limited cooling performance, so it is necessary to consider a special system to remove the perimeter load. Thirdly, an outdoor air-conditioning system is needed to provide outdoor air to occupants. The objective of this paper is to present an outline of the proposed system, results of the thermal performance tests in an experimental facility, and the operational performance in a building to which the proposed system is applied.<br>&nbsp;The proposed system consists of ceiling radiant cooling panels, perimeter chilled beams, and an outdoor-air supply system. The ceiling radiant cooling panels remove the interior cooling load. The perimeter chilled beams remove the perimeter cooling load. The outdoor-air supply system has a personal floor diffuser, a perimeter linear diffuser and a return-air inlet near the window top. The return-air inlet removes the hot air from the window to remove the perimeter load efficiently.<br>&nbsp;An experimental facility for the proposed system was constructed, and thermal performance tests were performed. The results show a vertical temperature differential of less than 0.5&deg;C, and the perimeter chilled beam can remove the peak summer cooling load appropriately. The cooling capacity of the ceiling radiant cooling panels and perimeter chilled beams are approximately 80 W/m² and 120 W/m² respectively under conditions whereby the difference in temperature between the water input and output is 9.0&deg;C.<br>&nbsp;Measurement of the system was performed in the actual building to which the system was applied. The results show that the ceiling radiant cooling panels and chilled beams can be controlled to remove varying cooling loads. The cooling capacity of the ceiling radiant cooling panels and chilled beams in the actual building proved almost equal to the experimental data. Thus, it is demonstrated that the proposed system can remove the cooling load as expected.

著者

張 健 許 雷

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.654, pp.759-765, 2010-08-30 (Released:2010-10-08)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2

---

Energy consumption survey is conducted in a university campus with co-generation system used for 22 years. According to the hourly data in a complete year, the performance of the whole system including the electricity generation, waste heat recovery, and gas consumption, the operating conditions and the overall energy efficiency is analyzed. The overall energy efficiency reaches 43% to 69%, which shows this energy system still maintains good performance. Then it is pointed out that the correlation coefficient between the energy consumption for cooling and the natural logarithm of outside air temperature exceeds 0.9 in this article. And the load curves for multi-unit control are also illustrated, which can be used to evaluate the performance of the whole system. Furthermore, the authors propose the optimization of the number of operating gas turbines, which improves 2% the overall energy efficiency in summer.

著者

安藤 元気 西名 大作 村川 三郎 金田一 清香 石田 正樹

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.692, pp.799-807, 2013-10-30 (Released:2014-07-10)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1 1 1

---

In this paper, the energy consumption of the electrified housing located in Hiroshima area was grasped, and the relationships between the energy consumption by hot water supply system and the housing attributes of residents were examined. To predict the annual and monthly energy consumption, the Quantity Theory Cluster I was applied. Based on the analysis, the factors affecting to the energy consumption were clarified, and the influence of energy consumption was compared among the factors.As for the predictive equations for energy consumption, the multiple correlation coefficients of annual value and monthly values were explained with 0.852 and 0.740-0.827 respectively. Also, it was clarified that “types of water heater&rdquo; had major influence on energy consumption throughout a year, and “number of frequency for filling hot water into a bathtub in winter&rdquo; and “age of the first child of the family&rdquo; had influence in winter season.

著者

松原 斎樹 島田 理良 藏澄 美仁 合掌 顕 飛田 国人

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.668, pp.877-885, 2011-10-30 (Released:2012-01-25)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

3

---

Several analysis were applied to the experimental data obtained from the different environmental conditions and procedures to investigate the difference between two unspecific scales; the impression of “hot-cold” and “warm-cool”. The main results are as follows; 1) “warm-cool” was different from “hot-cold” in the degree of the influence of temperature and the auditory factor, 2) the possibility was shown that “warm-cool” and “hot-cold” were not on the one-dimensional placement, 3) the difference of the degree of the influence of the auditory factor was conspicuously shown by combining with temperature.