著者

望月 悦子 木村 洋

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.647, pp.35-41, 2010-01-30 (Released:2010-04-02)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2 3 1

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The purpose of this study is to identify the visual effects of the difference of spectral power distribution of luminaires in office space. Subjective experiment was conducted in two experimental chambers with different kind of ceiling luminaires - LEDs and fluorescent lamps. Visual fatigue of the subjects was evaluated by three methods, ART (Accommodation Response Time) and CFF (Critical Fusion of Flicker) as objective test and questionnaires for evaluation of subjective symptoms of fatigue as subjective test. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the variation rate in ART and that in CFF caused by VDT works within one hour under LEDs and those under fluorescent lamps. Also the subjective evaluation on fatigue was not significantly different among different kinds of the light source.

著者

有馬 雄祐 大岡 龍三 菊本 英紀

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.729, pp.1047-1054, 2016 (Released:2016-11-30)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2

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The outputs of weather and climate models have been used in various application fields. For example, future weather data for the building energy simulation (BES) can be provided based on a climate model prediction. However, as the model output has systematical errors (called the bias), some type of bias correction is necessary in order to use the model output for an application field. For temperature or humidity, we often assume normal distribution and correct bias using statistical parameters, such as the average and the standard deviation. However, for solar radiation, a bias correction method (BCM) that uses only the average and standard deviation is insufficient and can result in negative values after bias correction. Consequently, the solar radiation bias is often corrected using only its average. In general, climate models can accurately predict the daily maximum amount of solar radiation on clear days at a given site because solar radiation depends mainly on its geolocation (latitude, longitude, and elevation) and the season (solar altitude). However, it is difficult to model cloud physics processes accurately to establish the weaker amounts of solar radiation on cloudy days. As a result, when we correct the solar radiation bias using only the average value, the daily maximum value deviates from the observed results instead of correcting the average. In this paper, we present a method called quantile mapping (QM) for the bias correction of solar radiation to provide the bias corrected weather data for the BES. The QM has been developed mainly for the correction of precipitation or temperature biases, although there are few studies that apply QM to the correction of solar radiation. In previous studies, QM was applied to the daily or monthly average. However, for the BES, the daily maximum value is also as important as the daily or monthly average, because the peak energy load depends mainly on the daily maximum. In this study, we also applied QM to obtain the daily maximum amount of solar radiation. In addition, we conducted BESs using the bias corrected weather data and evaluated the efficiency of each BCM. From the simulation results, the average energy consumption did not differ according to the difference in the BCM. However, the simulation that used the weather data corrected by only the monthly average could not predict the maximum cooling load; it was underestimated by 12%. Conversely, the simulation with the data corrected by QM, which used either the daily cumulative or the maximum amount of solar radiation, could predict the maximum cooling loads, which were under estimated by only 6% and 2%, respectively.

著者

清水 明子 浅野 良晴

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.612, pp.105-110, 2007-02-28 (Released:2017-02-25)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1 2

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The objective of this paper is to be clear the indispensable factors in the toilets primary and secondary schools through the children's way. The authors investigated the usage of fixtures in the toilets and carried out a questionnaire to the school children, who spent a few minutes in a toilet for many purposes. The following proposals have been presented. 1) To create an alcove in a toilet to promote the communication. 2) To provide a space where the children play in order to change the modes by themselves. 3) To offer a place where the children wait for their friends using fixtures. 4) To supply a shelf on which the belonging of the children are left in order to use fixtures.

著者

川西 利昌 大塚 文和

出版者

Architectural Institute of Japan

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.696, pp.201-207, 2014

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Ultraviolet radiation may be cause the skin damage. In order to determine the shade to protect of the skin against ultraviolet radiation, it is necessary to know the radiance distribution of the sky ultraviolet radiation. Conventionally, the sensor of the sky radiance distribution has been generally swept using mechanical method. The mechanical sweeping method has the problems that sky conditions change during several minutes. Electronically sweep-type measurement equipment for sky erythema ultraviolet radiation equipped with 145 area of erythema ultraviolet sensors was developed, and it has become possible to measure the all sky in only three seconds. This research aims to measure the erythema ultraviolet radiance distribution for low latitude area using this measurement equipment. A regression equation of radiance distribution was made from measurement results. Architectural Sun Protection Factor of shade was calculated using the equation.

著者

高橋 祐樹 加藤 信介 小林 敏孝 吉井 光信 上原 茂男 樋口 祥明 高橋 幹雄 石川 敦雄 黒木 友裕 野崎 尚子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.662, pp.335-343, 2011-04-30 (Released:2011-07-29)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

1

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This study investigated the effect of diurnal thermal changes on the circadian rhythm of human core body temperature, together with secondary effects on other psycho-physiological functioning and intellectual performance. Four male subjects (23 - 25 years of age) were observed under three experimental temperature cycles in a climate chamber. In Case 1, the temperature remained fixed at 24°C (control); in Case 2, a constant temperature of 24°C during the morning and the afternoon was raised to 27°C at 6 PM and remained constant during the evening, to evaluate the effects of body heating before sleep; in Case 3, the temperature control schedule is similar to Case 2 with the exception of the changing time, not at 6 PM but at noon, to reflect the normal circadian increase in core body temperature (CBT) in the afternoon. The change of the thermal environment caused amplitude increment or phase advance in rectal temperature (RT). Measurements based on electrocardiographs, salivary cortisol levels, psychological measurement tools and intellectual tests illustrated the beneficial effects of the temperature control. The results reveal that control of the thermal environment in spaces based on the circadian rhythm may regulate RT rhythm, leading to improvement in psycho-physiological state and intellectual performance of occupants.

著者

高橋 達 椎野 渡 鳥養 正和 布施 安隆 善養寺 幸子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.623, pp.39-45, 2008-01-30 (Released:2008-10-31)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1 2

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This paper describes the results of a field measurement of a residential plumbing system recycling rainwater and greywater and its exergy analysis. The followings were found. The amount of rainwater harvested is 48∼98% of rainfall on the rooftop. Quality of greywater is temporally improved by monitoring of the plumbing system and the residents' operating a combined treatment septic tank. The amount of exergy of rainwater or city water is very small, so that they might be similar to environmental water rather than resource. Chemical exergy of fossil fuel of 1086 MJ/month is consumed by a power plant in order to make micro organisms in the combined treatment septic tank consume chemical exergy of wastewater of 365.6MJ/month. Exergy of faeces or garbage is very large and consumed at all. Therefore, it is important to convert the way to consume exergy of these organic matter from just consuming into consuming with producing farm products such as compost or vegetable.

著者

三上 秀人 湯 懐鵬 横山 真太郎

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.626, pp.457-462, 2008-04-30

被引用文献数

1

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化学物質過敏症(CS)は化学物質の急性曝露あるいは低濃度の慢性曝露によって過敵性を取得し,その後に極低濃度の化学物質曝露によりアレルギー様の症状を示すようになる健康障害である。症状は様々で,疲労感,頭痛,倦怠感,腹痛やぜんそく,皮膚炎など多岐にわたる。CSを診断・治療するには,空気中の汚染物質を除去した専門の治療施設が必要とされており,その清浄度目標値はVOCで10μg/m^3,非メタン炭化水素(NMHC)で30μg/m^3である。治療施設内の清浄度目標値は外気濃度よりも低いため,導入外気は汚染物質を除去する活性炭フィルターが必要であり,室内で発生した汚染物質を除去するために,循環系統にも活性炭フィルターが必要である。一方,建築部材から発生する汚染物質は室内を汚染すると共に,循環系統の活性炭フィルターのコストを高めるため,極力汚染物質の発生の少ない建築部材を選定する必要がある。本研究の目的は,CSの診断・治療施設の建設に先立ち,汚染物質の濃度を低減する技術を確立することであり,本報はその第1報として,治療施設用に開発した特殊活性炭の性能試験と,治療施設の建築部材の選定についての報告である。粒状炭を充填した充填式の活性炭フィルターは長寿命であることから,大風量を処理する場合に使用されるが,発塵量が大きいため,二次側にHEPAフィルターなどの塵埃除去フィルターが必要である。HEPAフィルターはアウトガスの問題と僅かな特有の臭気の問題があり,治療施設では活性炭フィルターの2次側に設置すべきではない。そこで,筆者らは発塵を抑制するために,活性炭表面を珪酸ナトリウムで被覆した特殊活性炭(SAC)を試作した。SACは,椰子殼活性炭を珪酸ナトリウム溶液に含浸して減圧し,その後乾燥して作成した。このSACと市販の椰子殼活性炭について,寿命と発塵の点について性能評価を行った。寿命試験はFig.1に示す実験装置において行った。試験用ガスにはベンゼンを使用し,ホルムアルデヒドについても同様の試験を行った。濃度を一定に調整した空気を供試活性炭に流通させ,経過時間と除去率の関係を調べた。発塵試験はFig.2に示す実験装置において行った。SUS容器に供試活性炭を入れ,HEPAフィルターでパーティクルを除去した空気を流通させ,発塵量を測定した。ベンゼンの寿命試験結果では,SACと市販の活性炭の寿命は同等であった。除去能力は活性炭単位体積あたりの吸着量で決定されると仮定して,東京都心部の外気を導入した場合の寿命を試算した。東京都心部のTVOC濃度をベンゼン濃度に換算して0.5mg/m^3とすると,6000時間と試算された。ホルムアルデヒドの寿命試験結果では,両者とも寿命が非常に短いことが確認されたが,除去率50%以下に低下した後の除去率は,SACの方が優る結果を得た。発塵試験の結果では,SACの発塵量は椰子殼活性炭の1/6以下であり,珪酸ナトリウムによる表面被覆は発塵の抑制に有効であることを確認した。次に,建築部材の決定を目的として,Fig.3に示す小形チャンバー法によりアウトガス試験を行った。試験方法はASTM D5116-90に則った。試験の結果,SUS304,ガルバリウム鋼板,ホーロー鋼板および御影石からはアウトガスは検出されなかった。アウトガス量および視覚的なストレスの観点から,天井および壁にはホーロー鋼板,床材には御影石を採用することとした。カオリン,ロックウールおよび珪酸ナトリウムを混合して試作した新しい目地材からは,アウトガスは検出されなかった。ガスケットとしては,テフロン製ガスケットを採用することとした。ダクトや空調機,制気口などはSUS304を採用することとした。以上の結果より,今回試作したSACの寿命は市販の活性炭と同等以上であり,発塵量は1/6以下に改善されたことから,化学物質過敏症の診断・治療施設において汚染物質除去用活性炭として使用できることを確認した。また,アウトガス試験により最適な治療施設の建築部材を決定したことにより,基本仕様を確立した。

著者

坂田 暁洋 加藤 嘉宏 鈴木 広隆 中村 芳樹 小泉 隆

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.603, pp.17-23, 2006

被引用文献数

1

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Jyodoji-Jyododo is one of the religious architectures that express the nobility of the Land of Happiness making use of daylight. The mechanism how the daylight reaches a statue of Amitabha-Tathagata in Jyodoji-Jyododo, it has peculiar luminous environment that no other historic architectures have, has not proved yet. Then, for the purpose of proving the mechanism of daylight that influence a statue of Amitabha-Tathagata, we conducted following 3 simulations; 1) Inter-reflection simulation with Jyodoji-Jyododo architectural model and simplified Amitabha-Tathagata model to obtain distribution of illuminance. 2) Specular reflection simulation for identifying the parts of the architecture which principally contribute to glitter of the statue. 3) Simulation of changing the angle of ceiling to make clear the relationship of the phenomenon and the architecture. From the results, we found that the daylight from the back of a statue of Amitabha-Tathagata repeats diffuse reflection, and a statue of Amitabha-Tathagata is shined by the daylight gathered at the ceiling. And the reason of a steeply slanting roof is infered that the daylight is took in a statue of Amitabha-Tathagata.

著者

清田 忠志 谷口 明 清田 誠良 中村 安弘

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.602, pp.69-75, 2006

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

10 5

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In this study, we analyzed the difference of the air temperature in the urban area of Hiroshima among calm, sea breeze and land breeze by the observation. The summary of the results is shown below. 1) In the calm period, the air temperature in the urban area rises. However, the air temperature is slightly lower in green belt and around the river. It is caused by the influence the micro-scale climate. 2) In the sea breeze period, the air temperature of urban area lowers inversely as the distance from the coastline. In addition, the air temperature lowers around the river, since it becomes a way of the wind. It is the phenomena of the meso-scale.

著者

奥本 秀一 露木 尚光 佐藤 信幸 比嘉 照夫

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.570, pp.37-44, 2003

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Formaldehyde (HCHO) included in construction adhesives is one of the principal causes materials of sick house and sick building syndrome. However, not much has been done to suppress or eliminate HCHO. In the experiment, it was found that addition of several types of row and burned clay minerals to adhesive suppressed emissions of HCHO. The bentonite was most effective among all materials used in the experiment. A coating gypsum plaster with bentonite and effective microorganisms reduced the amount of HCHO emission synergistically. Also, changes pH level caused by addition of Ca(OH)_2 contributed in suppression of HCHO.

著者

森 勇樹 井上 隆 前 真之 佐藤 誠 八塚 春子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.697, pp.261-270, 2014-03-30 (Released:2014-07-10)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

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This report shows the actual situation of the spread and the use of mixing faucet and shower head in housing and the use of hot water, based on the result of web questionnaire. It was indicated that the single-lever mixing faucet recently became widespread about 90%, and that the ratio of using hot water in kitchen differed considerably between about 80% in winter and 20% in summer. It was also suggested that though they did not need hot water in summer and middle season, about a single-lever mixing faucet, there was high ratio of using the lever at the position where hot water was mixed.

著者

赤松 大成 森 太郎 林 基哉 羽山 広文

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.803, pp.43-49, 2023-01-01 (Released:2023-01-01)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

---

COVID-19 caused a global pandemic. The possibility of aerosol transmission has been pointed out as a possible route of infection, and there are reports that conventional infection control measures are insufficient to counteract aerosol transmission. Therefore, this report presents the results of an actual survey at a high school, including measurement of CO2 concentration and a questionnaire survey, and the results of an experiment to evaluate the attenuation of particle concentration by an air cleaner based on this survey.

著者

扇谷 匠 一ノ瀬 彩 辻村 壮平

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.813, pp.818-828, 2023-11-01 (Released:2023-11-01)

参考文献数

25

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The government of Japan has developed a plan to promote cycling in response to recent increase in cyclist. The plan includes the use of a bicycle for tourism and daily transportation on riverside road; however, local governments are mainly responsible for implementing the plan and maintenance of the cycling road. The purpose of this study is to obtain knowledge to help determine a maintenance policy by understanding the impressions of cyclists. Here, we have conducted a field test using the caption evaluation method for the cyclists in tourism and daily transportation on the Kinugawa Cycling Road.

著者

中溝 悠太 福田 知弘 矢吹 信喜

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.792, pp.157-168, 2022-02-01 (Released:2022-02-01)

参考文献数

32

---

Large-volume 3DCG models used in environmental design are difficult to handle on mobile devices because they consume much computational resource and storage. In this study, a server-side rendering method is proposed to realize a mobile web-based augmented reality (Web AR) system for environmental design visualization by handling the rendering result of 3-dimensional models as video streaming. Through the experiments with a developed prototype system, the proposed method achieved a higher frame rate than conventional stand-alone Web AR for a large number of polygons. Both the frame rate and the latency were almost constant regardless of the number of polygons.

著者

倉山 千春

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.604, pp.15-22, 2006-06-30 (Released:2017-02-17)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

11 10

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Evaluation of thermal performance of fenestration system under cooling season is based on heat gains by temperature difference and solar radiation, characterized by thermal transmittance (U-value) and solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), respectively. However, current test methods are only concerned with nighttime performance, and may not accurately reflect the performance improvements of specific window designs. With nighttime test methods, the thermal performance of a fenestration system is characterized only by the U-value. In this paper, a new test method has been developed to measure the thermal performance of fenestration systems. This method enables the determination of SHGC and U-value for various fenestration systems under cooling season, including integral shading devices and complex frame designs.

著者

桐山 大蔵 齋藤 輝幸 小島 昌幸

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.629, pp.917-922, 2008-07-30 (Released:2009-09-30)

参考文献数

5

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We developed inter room fan ventilation system which transports indoor air mutually by small fan installed in the inner wall between rooms, and which is controlled according to the differences of specific enthalpy and CO2 concentration. The object of this study is to verify the improvement of indoor thermal environment by the application of this system. We installed this system into the model house and carried out the field study about temperature, humidity, and energy consumption etc. for nine months in 2005. The results are the following; 1) The ventilation route tend to be formed from LDK toward other rooms although it varied due to the seasons and the use of heating and cooling; 2) It was estimated that this system carried about 1-4 % of heating and cooling energy by transporting air between rooms; 3) We estimated temperature and humidity in non-heated room rose about 2-3°C and 0.6-1.2kg/kgDA by transporting air from heated room in winter.

著者

梅本 大輔 関谷 佳子 中川 浩 上林 清香 河本 紗弥 伊香賀 俊治

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.807, pp.429-438, 2023-05-01 (Released:2023-05-01)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

1

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The thermal environment of a house is a factor that affects sleep quality. Thus, for maintaining good health, it is important for houses to have an appropriate thermal environment. The influence of ventilation and air conditioning on a house’s thermal environment cannot be ignored. Here, we investigated differences in ventilation and air conditioning equipment by comparing and evaluating the sleep quality of residents using individual air conditioners or central air conditioning. The results suggested that the central air conditioning group had reduced sleep latency, which might increase sleep efficiency in summer.

著者

梅本 大輔 関谷 佳子 中川 浩 上林 清香 伊香賀 俊治

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.806, pp.325-333, 2023-04-01 (Released:2023-04-01)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

1

---

Indoor temperature environment and air quality affect the health of residents of houses, and thus efforts are underway to improve the insulation of houses. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey to investigate changes in health symptoms and quality of life after moving into a house with a central air conditioner, floor heating, and room air conditioners. The results revealed that residents of houses with central air conditioning tended to have a higher rate of improvement in health symptoms and quality of life compared with other types of air conditioning.

著者

一ノ瀬 雅之 井上 隆 坂本 義仁

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.640, pp.729-734, 2009-06-30 (Released:2010-01-18)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper presents actual performance of high-reflectivity paints by environmental exposure test. Test panels were coated with high-reflectivity or conventional paints on site or in-factory at the manufacturing stage by a newly developed heat curing paint method. Our results reveal that solar reflectivity of the panels were degraded by up to 20 percent from initial status during first year, and this degradation is chiefly due to airborne contamination. This study also demonstrates that panels coated with high-reflectivity heat curing paint with a photocatalyst finish can preserve high reflectivity and therefore thermal conditioning effects longer than the panels painted on site.

著者

石川 敦雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.802, pp.797-808, 2022-12-01 (Released:2022-12-01)

参考文献数

104

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While surrounded by a built environment, various interpersonal cognitions and behaviors such as impression formation, communication, and cooperation are regulated and executed. It has become clear through many years of environmental psychology studies that the physical environment not only surrounds but also implicitly influences interpersonal cognition and behavior. This paper reviews the literature on the effects of visual environmental factors specifically brightness, color, and depth on interpersonal cognition and behavior in a little more than 20 years, clarifying the achievements and expansion of the research area, the challenges to be overcome, and the outlooks for the future directions.