著者

明内 勝裕 伊香賀 俊治 伊藤 真紀 小島 弘

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.799, pp.579-587, 2022-09-01 (Released:2022-09-01)

参考文献数

26

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Physical activity contributes to a variety of health benefits. Therefore, preventing sedentary behavior is critical for the promotion of physical activity in people of all ages. This study was to clarify the relationship between sedentary behavior and the living environment. This study surveyed residents living in houses with adequate insulation performance. In the cross-sectional survey, we examined the relationship between living environment and sedentary behavior at the daily and individual levels, using multilevel analysis. In the intervention survey, we examined the relationship between changes in the indoor thermal environment and sedentary behavior by requesting the active use of heating.

著者

邉 敬花 吉澤 望 宗方 淳 古賀 誉章 平手 小太郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.688, pp.437-444, 2013-06-30 (Released:2013-08-30)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

3 4

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This study aims to ascertain the limits to which a solid angle can be used as an indicator for evaluating the senses of physical oppression and of openness in urban spaces. For that, a logistic regression analysis focusing on the street as a whole and the proportion by evaluating value was conducted by evaluating each criterion found through a logistic regression model to assess the limits of the effects of the solid angle. The allowable values for the sense of physical oppression are configured using a threshold if the sense of physical oppression is felt, but reconfiguration of the allowable values for the sense of openness is not necessary. Therefore, for those respondents who indicated that a sense of physical oppression exists, it appears that the limits of that allowable sense of physical oppression are as follows: using judgment of 75% of the evaluators, the rate of solid angles was 76%; using judgment of 50% of the evaluators, the rate of solid angles was 65%; and using judgment of 25% of the evaluators, the rate was 53%. Compared to the studies of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Spreiregen and Takei, those allowable values are more appropriate.

著者

小野 浩史 平手 小太郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.593, pp.103-109, 2005-07-30 (Released:2017-02-11)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

3 3

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This paper evaluates VR reproducibility found on the real-space screen, by performing some tests for space perception by means of different subject properties and presentation equipment to compare the images on VR and real space. This evaluation obtained the following conclusions. (1) The degree of space perception can be determined by whether one has architectural knowledge. Subjects with architectural knowledge can show a certain level of space perception during the first VR experience, while other subjects with no such knowledge can acquire the same space perception level as the well-versed subjects after they have repeated VR experiences. (2) The size of VR image displayed was insufficiently reproduced on the real space. Even a large projector used for this experiment, which was expected to achieve the highest reproducibility of the image size, left room for improvement by means of new image displaying approaches and other means. (3) Subjects showed completely different space perception between a large projector and a laptop computer for image display. The VR experience by a laptop computer was observed to be effective particularly for space perception.

著者

原口 圭 佐藤 淳 林 篤 武居 泰 伊積 康彦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.744, pp.159-169, 2018 (Released:2018-02-28)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 1

---

A purpose of this study is to simply evaluate pressure variation in stations having all covering roof. Round a running train, pressure field occurs. As this pressure field moves with the train, pressure variation is observed in the neighborhood of the passage train. We measured at stations having all covering roof to grasp the characteristic of the pressure variation. As a result, we confirmed that pressure variation at the time of train nose passage was bigger than the train tail passage, opening ratio had linear correlations with pressure coefficient maximum value in the specific station and when cross-sectional area of station became small the pressure variation grew big. In addition, we confirmed that the pressure variation was proportional to square of the train speed and we could apply the evaluation expression same as open area. In the second place, by the measurement at opposite sides in stations having all covering roof, we tried to divide the pressure variation into one-dimensional component which is same in a section and three-dimensional component which depends on the distance from a train. As a result, we confirmed that we could divide into the both by confirmation of the waveform. And when we evaluated the pressure variation maximum value, we confirmed that one-dimensional component was dominant and the influence became small so that opening ratio became big. As we evaluated the pressure variation maximum value by the simple addition, we tried to construct the evaluation expression consisting of the addition of the one-dimensional component maximum value times α and three-dimensional component maximum value times β. On the one-dimensional component maximum value, we confirmed that opening ratio had linear corrections with the pressure coefficient maximum value /R (2-R) of the one-dimensional component. We led an evaluation expression from the relations and confirmed that we could evaluate it with not depending on the train classification, an error of the 10 percent or so. We supposed that the three-dimensional component maximum value was inversely proportional to square of the distance from the train center, and we led an evaluation expression every train classification. We confirmed that the influence of opening ratio was small and we could evaluate it with an error of the 20 percent or so. As a result, we suggested an evaluation expression of pressure variation maximum value in stations having all covering roof which is the addition of the one-dimensional component and three-dimensional component. And by the expression it was confirmed that we could predict the pressure variation of small sectional stations with 10 percent or so, and that of large sectional stations with 20 percent or so.

著者

中村 泰人 岡本 孝美 安浪 夕佳

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.636, pp.115-124, 2009-02-28 (Released:2009-11-02)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The adaptation to heat arising in daily life was grasped by experiments in a climate chamber. The experiments were composed of +5 degree centigrade load from normal temperature to the subject in the test room during 30 minutes with clothing insulation of 0.37clo and carried out frequently by five young men of 20's from June to October 2004. Based on thermal physiology the term of the adaptation to heat was divided into five intervals; normal, intermittently ascending, continuous, intermittently descending, and normal. The characteristic of the adaptation to heat was found to be that after a short uncomfortable summer, a long comfortable summer will come.

著者

山崎 慶太 桒原 浩平 染谷 俊介 濱田 靖弘 小林 宏一郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.771, pp.351-360, 2020 (Released:2020-05-30)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1 1

---

To obtain basic data for prevention of heat stroke during construction work in a hot environment, we analyzed the effects of wearing ventilated work wear (VWW) and water intake (RWI). First, experiments were carried out with nine male form workers in an artificial climate chamber (AC) at 34°C. Second, measurements were carried out with four male form workers and one male rebar placer at an outside construction site (CS) for four days in August 2017. It was carried out from 8:00 to 17:00 and was divided into four shifts split up by breaks as follows: 8:00 to 10:00, 10:30 to 12:00, 13:00 to 15:00; and 15:30 to 17:00. Activity amount (ACT) was continuously measured. WBGT was measured in the CS. The sweat rate (SR), the rate of naked body weight loss (RBWL, only in the AC), body weight loss while fully clothed (RBWLC), and RWI were each measured and calculated as the difference between the values before and after work per unit time. Evaporation rate (ER) was defined as the sum of RBWLC and RWI. SR in the CS was estimated from the ER by using the regression equation between ER and SR in the AC data. In the AC experiment, the SR during work was constant and RBWL was negatively correlated with RWI, those were statistically significant, regardless of whether the workers wore VWW. The RWI and SR of workers not wearing VWW were significantly higher than those of workers wearing VWW. RWI increased significantly and RBWL decreased as ACT increased. This is the reason that RBWL was negatively correlated with the RWI in the AC. In the CS experiments, the SR of workers not wearing VWW increased significantly as WBGT increased, but the RWI did not change significantly; as a result, RBWL increased significantly with WBGT. The SR of individuals wearing VWW, which was lower than that of those not wearing VWW, remained almost constant with increasing WBGT, whereas RWI did not increase with WBGT. As expected from these results, RBWL remained constant as WBGT increased and was consistently lower than that of workers not wearing VWW. The ER of works in the CS was significantly higher than that of those in the AC due to the difference between the averaged ACT in the AC (1.8 Mets) and CS (2.4 Mets). In the CS experiments, we estimated the dewatering ratio (DR) by body weight loss while fully clothed (BWLC), since BWL was not measured. The fluctuation during working shifts of BWLC and DR of workers was compared between those wearing and those not wearing VWW on hot two days. In the shifts, the BWLC of workers not wearing VWW was significantly higher than that of those wearing VWW. Furthermore, in the breaks between shifts, the amount of water recovered by workers not wearing VWW was significantly lower than that of those wearing VWW. As a result, after the last shift, the average DR (2.03) of workers not wearing VWW was higher than that of those wearing VWW (1.53). We supposed there is a limit to the amount of water that workers in a construction site can drink. Thus, we verified that, in the CS setting, RBWL increased with increasing WBGT mainly due to insufficient RWI, but could be partly decreased by using VWW, which decreased the SR.

著者

秋田 剛 平手 小太郎 安岡 正人

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.567, pp.79-86, 2003-05-30 (Released:2017-01-27)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2 1

---

Effects of attention on visual perception are investigated by means of analysis of visual evoked potentials that reflect visual information processing in brain. For the purpose, an experiment is carried out on two experimental conditions. The first condition requires subjects to watch visual stimuli that are presented to them repeatedly, and the second requires them to do auditory tasks while watching visual stimuli. Results of the experiment show that response quantity of visual information processing is diminished when auditory tasks that attract subject's attention to hearing are imposed on them, even if they see visual stimuli using their central vision.

著者

堀江 真太郎 中谷 岳史 リジャル H.B. 高木 直樹

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.793, pp.211-221, 2022-03-01 (Released:2022-03-01)

参考文献数

58

---

The purpose of this study was to conduct a winter indoor thermal environment measurement and a subjective thermal comfort survey on detached houses in Nagano City. In addition, we estimated the neutral temperature and acceptable temperature range from the obtained data and explored the incidence of cold stress. The neutral temperature calculated using Griffiths’ method was 18.0 ºC and regression analysis was 21.5℃ in operative temperature. The lower limit of the acceptable range was 6.6℃. Occupants adapted strongly to the indoor environment. However, care must be taken because occupants also accepted the cold stress environment.

著者

冨田 隆太 阿部 今日子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.790, pp.873-882, 2021-12-01 (Released:2021-12-01)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

---

The "floor" that is in constant contact with people is important for users to spend comfortably and safely in the architectural space. Improving floor performance (safety and comfort) is considered to be an important issue for all generations, including children, adults and the elderly. The purpose of this study is to be safe and comfortable for children and the elderly, and to solve the problem of floor impact sound. It is "Development of tatami with consideration for sound insulation performance and safety and formulation of design guidelines". In this paper, we first focused on tatami as a basic study. We examined heavy-weight floor impact sound, the hardness at the time of a fall collision, and the hardness at the time of walking. In addition to commercially available straw tatami and building material tatami, five types of tatami mats focusing on vibration isolation were prototyped and experimentally examined. For reference, we also examined light-weight floor impact sound. As a result of this paper, the following findings were obtained. 1) Straw tatami and building material tatami had no effect on the heavy-weight floor impact sound level reduction in the 63 Hz band, and were about 0 to -1 dB. In tatami mats that was prototyped in this paper, considering the vibration isolation, we were able to achieve a performance improvement of 3 dB by reducing the heavy-weight floor impact sound level in the 63 Hz band. 2) Regarding the hardness at the time of a fall collision, straw tatami and building material tatami were 50 to 53 G. The prototype tatami mats had a large impact mitigation effect of 20 to 31 G. 3) Of the prototype tatami mats that were able to realize (1) and (2), T4 and T5 were also good for walking. 4) Regarding the four types of performance related to floor hardness, the relationship of quantitative evaluation of each performance was clarified. It turns out that none of the performances correspond linearly. It was suggested that it is necessary to examine each layer in the floor cross section and the combination of each layer for each performance. As described above, in this paper, it was found that the prototype tatami mat does not impair the walking feeling, and the effect can be obtained by the amount of reduction in heavy-weight floor impact sound level and the hardness at the time of a fall collision. In addition, the effectiveness of introducing such a vibration-proof structure into tatami mats was suggested.

著者

荻野 司 須永 修通 増井 周平 酒井 浩介

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.729, pp.1007-1016, 2016

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&nbsp;The Active Energy-saving Control System for Air-Conditioning (hereafter called "AECS-AC") was introduced to an office room where there were multiple indoor air-conditioning units and the results of verification experiments conducted in summer and winter with a focus on the thermal environment and the temperature adjustment actions of the people in the room were analysed. This system reduces deterioration of room conditioning by sensing when the occupants switch the air conditioning on and off. Ultimately, the system should satisfy the thermal comfort requests of occupants by feedback of their adjustment behaviour, rather than by collecting the occupants' attributes, thermal and comfort sensations, and psychological conditions.<br>&nbsp;The main results are as follows.<br>&nbsp;1) In summer (Jul.-Sep.), AECS-AC was conducted at a pre-set temperature of 26&deg;C in an office room with multiple indoor units, which were alternately grouped into two. After the air conditioning mode was stabilized, the mean room temperature was maintained at 26-28&deg;C irrespective of the outdoor temperature. The temperature variation at the sensor positions due to the start-stop operations of the indoor units was 1-1.5&deg;C and the room temperature variation across the office room was about 2-3&deg;C.<br>&nbsp;2) In winter (Dec.-Feb.), AECS-AC was conducted at a pre-set temperature of 22&deg;C in an office room with multiple indoor units, which were alternately grouped into two. After the air conditioning mode was stabilized, the mean room temperature was maintained at 22-25&deg;C irrespective of the outdoor temperature. The temperature variation at the sensor positions due to the start-stop operations of the indoor units was 1&deg;C and the room temperature variation across the office room was about 2&deg;C.<br>&nbsp;3) In the air-conditioning control according to the number of occupant's switching-on/off actions, the AECS-AC followed the change in the thermal environment caused by the influence of the outdoor temperature.<br>&nbsp;4) The number of manual switching-on/off actions varied from place to place in the room and differed between the perimeter side and the interior side. The occupant's preference on the thermal environment could be deduced from their air conditioner adjustment actions.<br>&nbsp;5) According to the questionnaire results in winter, almost neutral air-conditioning control could be realized for the occupants based on their answers that 60-80% were neither hot nor cold. Regarding comfort evaluation, about 50% of answers of &ldquo;comfortable&rdquo; and &ldquo;slightly comfortable&rdquo; were accounted, and it went up to about 80-90% if including the answers of &ldquo;neither of them.&rdquo;<br>&nbsp;The above results show that the AEC-AC based on the number of people's air conditioning adjustment actions realized air-conditioning control appropriately to the thermal environment of an office room with multiple air conditioners.<br>&nbsp;Furthermore, the possibility of personal-like air-conditioning realization was shown by controlling an indoor unit individually.

著者

井上 莉沙 高橋 好斗 尾方 壮行 都築 和代 田辺 新一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.764, pp.919-926, 2019 (Released:2019-10-30)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 6

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In this study, field surveys in actual bedrooms in summer and winter were conducted with the purpose of verifying that the evaluation of the thermal environment in bedrooms by calculating the human heat load on the human body is effective in different seasons. The measurements were undertaken in two seasons; the summer period was July, August and September of 2017 and 2018, the winter period was December of 2017, and January and February of 2018. In the calculation of the human heat load, the actual basal metabolic rate of the subjects was substituted for the metabolic rate in formula proposed by Akiyama et al. during sleep. The quality of sleep was evaluated based on the physiological parameter during the sleeping period, including sleep stage, by measuring the electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, and electromyogram and the subjective sleeping feeling at the time of waking up. We evaluated that sleep quality was good as there were more appearances of deep sleep and less appearances of wake time. Also, OSA sleep inventory was used for subjective evaluation of the sleeping feeling. Since the relation between human heat load and percentage of sleep stages in winter was similar to that in summer, it was shown that the evaluation of the thermal environment in bedrooms due to human heat load may be effective even in different seasons. In both seasons, the colder environment when the human body thermal load is smaller than 0 W / m2 decreased the quality of sleeping, but it tended to be different in warm environments when the human heat load was greater than 0 W / m2 ; especially around 45 minutes after turning over, there was a tendency that the percentages of stage wake, REM sleep, and shallow sleep are the smallest and the percentage of deeper sleep is the largest in the vicinity of the steady state where the heat loss to the bedding from the human body is nearly 0 W / m2. The value after sleep onset immediately was taken as the initial value, and the heat radiation amount or endotherm amount added every 30 seconds was calculated as ΣLm. The closer the ΣLm is to 0 kJ/m2 the higher the percentage of deep sleep. That is, the quality of sleep tended to be improved in the state where the heat radiation amount and the endotherm amount were about the same. It is known that deep sleep appears longer during the initial part of 90 minutes after sleep onset, and the sleep becomes shallow in the latter part of sleep. In this study, the deep sleep time overnight tended to be longer when a longer deep sleep time was obtained within 90 minutes after sleep onset. In addition, the longer the deep sleeping time in one night, the more the subjective feeling of sleep when waking up tended to be improved. Therefore, in this study, it was shown that, in order to improve the quality of sleep, it is important to keep the body posture in the bed long in a low-humidity and warm environment because the heat flow to the bedding from the human body continues in the steady state quantitatively. Finally, it was shown that it is important to get a longer deep sleeping time from both viewpoints of physiological evaluation and psychological evaluation for sleep.

著者

王 岩 吉野 泰子 熊谷 一清 高橋 深雪 関口 克明

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

no.634, pp.1451-1455, 2008-12

参考文献数

7

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This paper describes the actual conditions of thermal environment when silkworm is breeding, and the air quality such as CO₂, CO, VOC, carbonyl compound whose hearth is used. In addition to those factors ventilation rate in each part of the traditional house corresponding to sericulture are found out in Setagaya Ward Jidaiyubori Park. Moreover, the ventilation performance in back of the ceiling and the monitor roof is investigated. The mechanism of thermal conditions, IAQ and ventilation rate was clarified in this paper for the first time using the three-dimensional heat fluid simulation software.

著者

廣瀬 智陽子 池谷 直樹 萩島 理 谷本 潤

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.791, pp.19-28, 2022-01-30 (Released:2022-01-01)

参考文献数

24

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The velocity field in a naturally ventilated building within urban-like arrays was explored by means of large-eddy simulations. The reduced-scale building models were utilized to examine the impact of the geometric conditions in surrounding buildings and cross-ventilating windows on flow statistics as well as instantaneous velocity fields in a sheltered building. The obtained results indicated how the incoming flow was propagated in the target building. Although simplified conditions were employed, the present findings of the features of cross-ventilation are valuable to consider the effect of outdoor turbulent flow to indoor wind environment.

著者

山本 竜也 三宅 博行 山口 秀樹 吉澤 望

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

no.783, pp.451-461, 2021-05

被引用文献数

1

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<p>While improvements in the energy-saving performance of buildings are required, productivity improvements and health management are also getting more necessary due to work style reforms. This trend demands the development of new methods which enable us to quantitatively assess the physiological and psychological quality of the built environment from the design stage. In terms of the light and visual environment, spaciousness is one of the factors that affect the comfort, intellectual productivity, and health of users of interiors.</p><p>In this research, definition of "spaciousness" by Inui will be used, but the purpose of this study was to propose a comprehensive quantitative spaciousness evaluation index of the interiors, including spaces of different sizes and shapes, considering various factors related to light and visual environment.</p><p>In recent years, technological developments have made complex data processing possible and expanded the range of experiment methods. VR technology is one of them, and there are many merits of using it in promoting spaciousness evaluation, such as to virtually compare spaces that are separated from each other by a great distance. This research aims to verify the validity of using VR with HMDs for spaciousness evaluation, through subject experiments in six real spaces with different volumes and usages. Volumes ranged from a minimum of 35 m³ to a maximum of 1,969 m³, and vertical illuminance ranged from 30 lx to 720 lx at the subject's observation position. Openings were blocked from line of sight and daylight was shut off by closing the blinds. VR spaces with several lighting environments for each space were reproduced. In experiments using ME method, we compared and verified the cases where the real space and the VR space were used as the reference stimulus for the comparative stimulus of the real space. Major findings are as follows:</p><p> 1) In order to verify how well the VR space could reproduce the real space from the point of view of the optical environment, we compared the luminance of the targeted real space and the VR space, and found that high-luminance parts could not be reproduced on HMD: Oculus Quest, which has an output limit of approximately 100 cd/m² or higher in luminance. However, the overall luminance balance, including main parts such as the floor, walls, and ceiling, could be well reproduced on VR display.</p><p> 2) There were no statistically significant differences (5% level) in 62 pairs among 65 pairs. As to the remaining 3 pairs, the light source had a large effect on the reproducibility of luminance and the relative error from the real space was relatively large. In particular, when the subject's evaluations were divided around 2.0, as in Experiment III, where the reference stimulus was 120lx and the comparative stimulus was 30lx, a reversal phenomenon occurs in which the average luminance of the real space of 30 lx including the light source is larger than that of the VR space of 120 lx including the light source due to the influence of the large light source. In conclusion, it is approximately possible to use the VR space, which does not cause luminance problems, as a reference stimulus for spaciousness evaluation.</p>

著者

古川 容子 佐野 友紀 土屋 伸一 藤井 皓介 佐藤 泰 畠山 雄豪 長谷見 雄二

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.728, pp.845-853, 2016

被引用文献数

3

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&nbsp;Recently, enrollments in nursery schools have become higher and higher. This is largely due to the social progress of women, with the increasing number of working mothers. Additionally, the number of three-generation households is decreasing. Nursery schools are traditionally low-rise structures, with a playground, but deregulation of the law now allows for the placement of nursery schools in middle floors of high-rise buildings. In Japan, the ages of nursery school students are generally from infancy to five-years old, which means that they can't evacuate the premises by themselves during a fire, so we must research ways to evacuate them safely. And the scheme of planning safe evacuations from buildings has not been sufficiently researched, so we have investigated the practice of fire drills and have interviewed teachers and students of nursery schools. The following is what we have learned:<br>&nbsp;(1)Characteristics of evacuation ;drills of nursery schools: Students evacuate in class groups, lead by their teachers, who provide the indications. Time is needed for evacuation preparation (setting up strollers, gathering infants and preparing to carry them out, and giving instructions regarding exiting, etc., ) and before starting evacuation, and time for confirming the numbers of students, and waiting time is needed when they are evacuating, so these times must be considered in the calculation of evacuation time.<br>&nbsp;(2)The characteristics of evacuation abilities of nursery school students : Infants (up to one-year old), and students who can't easily walk by themselves must be carried by a nurse or other adults, which makes evacuation movements and management after evacuation more manageable. Two-year-old students are able to walk alright on their own but cannot sufficiently grasp the situation. It's difficult to follow the teachers' instructions, so a lot of assistances are need. Children aged three and over can, of course, walk even better, and can grasp the severity of a fire. But they tend to walk more slowly as they feel frightened in cases when they are at earlier age, or they have to take an escape route that they are not familiar with. In order to shorten evacuation time, older students should evacuate first, as they can walk faster than younger students, thus their escape time won't be hindered by slower evacuees.<br>&nbsp;(3)Notes of buildings that include a nursery school: Regarding the situation of using stairways for evacuation, there are many points of concern regarding the safety of children. Because there are many dangerous points related to stairways, such as the fact that stairways often arouse fear in younger students during emergency evacuation, and as a result they walk more slowly. Consequently, older students try to pass the younger, slower students. Especially in cases when a nursery school is on a middle floor of a multi-use building, there is a possibility that confusion is caused among the evacuating children who walk slowly, along with their teachers, as evacuating people from other facilities mix with people evacuating from the nursery school. Thus, having a dedicated set of stairs for children is better. In addition, nursery schools that are in existing buildings that were not designed to accommodate nursery schools, have higher handles and the height of steps rise.<br>&nbsp;(4)Decreasing evacuation route length: Due to the fact that nursery school students' bodies and minds are not fully developed, their circumstances during a fire are more severe than those for adults. Thus, nursery schools should be on lower floors of buildings or should have their own buildings. Also the distance from the rooms to the temporary evacuation place should be as short as possible

著者

森 勇樹 井上 隆 前 真之 佐藤 誠 村上 雄飛

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.700, pp.515-523, 2014-06-30 (Released:2014-07-15)

参考文献数

13

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The objective of this research is to grasp the effect of high insulation bathtub on heat-retention of hot water, by means of web questionnaire, laboratory experiment, and actual survey in houses. As a result, the followings were obtained; 1) It is indicated that high insulation bathtub is remarkably effective for restraining falling in temperature of hot water in bathtub, and that the insulation effect is not observed clearly when the lid of bathtub is opened even if it is the high insulation bathtub. 2) The insulation performance of bathroom also affects the decrease in water temperature as well as that of bathtub. As with insulation of the bathtub, it is important to insulate the bathroom. 3) It is suggested that to estimate water temperature drop by using bathtub heat loss coefficient would be possible.

著者

吉野 博 中村 安季 池田 耕一 野崎 淳夫 角田 和彦 北條 祥子 天野 健太郎 石川 哲

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.641, pp.803-809, 2009-07-30 (Released:2010-01-18)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

4 3

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In order to make clear the relationship the chemical substances concentration and symptom of sick house syndrome, an investigation of 62 houses in Japan has been done for 9 years. The results showed that the indoor air of many sick houses was polluted with high carbonyl compounds and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) concentrations exceeded the criterions of Japan Standard. In addition, high concentration was found not only in the houses which were just built or renovated, but also in the houses with well-air-tightened and low air change rate.

著者

樋口 佳樹 宇田川 光弘 佐藤 誠 木村 建一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.612, pp.31-38, 2007-02-28 (Released:2017-02-25)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2 2

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In the previous study, the authors have already described the heat load simulation method considerling thermal effects of the external environment of a house. In this study, effect of housing density and housing direction in the housing area on the room temperatures and the heating and cooling loads is studied by the simulation method developed by the authors. While the heating load of the house in higher density area considerably increases in winter, the cooling load slightly decreases in summer. The simulation results showed that in case the housing density is less than 33%, the increase of the total heat load consisting of heating and cooling throughout an year is within 10% and in case the housing density is 53%, the total heat load increased by 30% comparing the house without adjacent buildings. It was found that the effects of adjacent buildings on the room thermal environment and heating and cooling loads are rather large in the housing area in the suburbs of large cities. The consideration of the adjacent buildings in the heat load simulation is necessary for the building model built in the housing area. When the effect of adjacent buildings is ignored, the space heating load may be underestimated.

著者

王 岩 吉野 泰子 熊谷 一清 高橋 深雪 関口 克明

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.634, pp.1451-1455, 2008-12-30 (Released:2009-10-28)

参考文献数

7

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This paper describes the actual conditions of thermal environment when silkworm is breeding, and the air quality such as CO2, CO, VOC, carbonyl compound whose hearth is used. In addition to those factors ventilation rate in each part of the traditional house corresponding to sericulture are found out in Setagaya Ward Jidaiyubori Park. Moreover, the ventilation performance in back of the ceiling and the monitor roof is investigated. The mechanism of thermal conditions, IAQ and ventilation rate was clarified in this paper for the first time using the three-dimensional heat fluid simulation software.

著者

侯 寧 西名 大作 杉田 宗 姜 叡 大石 洋之 金田一 清香 清水 晶浩

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.785, pp.670-679, 2021-07-30 (Released:2021-07-30)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

3

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The presentation technology about architectural design has been developed in recent years. Virtual Reality as one of the newest method which was born from the modern technology, has been used at practical design. In addition, some of the universities had set up VR laboratories for design education. Compared to the traditional method using 2D drawings and models for presentation, VR will be expected to understand the space more easily without specialized knowledge, and it will be more useful for improving the designers’ ability. Therefore, in order to grasp the designers’ awareness about the applicability of VR Space, we conducted a hearing survey with 12 university professors in Chugoku region who worked in the field of architectural design or design education. According to the results, many of the professors thought “Scale feeling” was “the ability to measure the distance with the eyes”, and they had negative viewpoints about to learn “Scale feeling” in VR space, such as “It is difficult to understand the distance in VR Space” or “Drawing by hand is more useful to nurture the scale feeling than VR”. Therefore, this research was focused on the “Scale feeling”, and conducted an experiment to verify the effectiveness of VR by comparing the learning effect about “Scale feeling” in “VR Space” with “Real Space”. The procedure of this experiment, first, for grasping the original “Scale feeling” of subjects, the subjects were asked to answer the length of 15 objects in Test Space. Then, the subjects were divided into two groups to learn “Scale feeling” in two types of learning spaces. One group learned in “VR Space” and another group learned in “Real Space”. After learning, the subjects came back to “Test Space” and answered the length of 15 objects as the same manner at first. The difference between the “Answered length” and “Actual length” in “Test Space” was defined as the “Inaccuracy”. Finally, we compared the learning effects by the average and the standard deviation in “Inaccuracy” between the two groups. The degree of “Inaccuracy” reduction was similar. Therefore, the “Scale feeling” can be developed in VR space as same as Real space. Although, in “VR space”, the objects which have no actual shape have a larger standard deviation of the “Inaccuracy” than “Real Space”, we considered that it’s more difficult to grasp the distance between objects without shape in “VR space”. For the future research, we will consider in more detail based on the visual characteristics of the learning method.