著者

稲坂 まりな 對馬 聖菜 伊藤 滉彩 田辺 新一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.792, pp.113-122, 2022-02-01 (Released:2022-02-01)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

1

---

To improve indoor air quality, it’s necessary to accurately control the body odor emitted by humans living under various environmental conditions and lifestyles. The purpose of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the effects of changes in physical quantities due to insufficient sleep on the emission of human bioeffluents causing body odor and the perceived air quality. The experiment involved two conditions of sleep time. Different biogenic substance concentrations and sensory evaluations of the odor in the chamber were obtained when the occupants' sleep times was different, even for the same CO2 concentration in the room.

著者

梅野 徹也 鉾井 修一 齋藤 宏昭 本間 義規

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.694, pp.909-916, 2013-12-30 (Released:2014-07-10)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2 2

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Most exterior walls of wooden residential buildings in Japan have vented air space between the exterior cladding and the insulation, which is designed to dehumidify the exterior walls by discharging humidity to the outside and taking outdoor air into the walls, with the purpose of decreasing the risk of condensation in exterior walls in winter. Several studies have been carried out on the vented air space, and the most effective thickness for dehumidification has been determined. However, most of these studies have only investigated the performance of vented air spaces under laboratory conditions, and the characteristics of vented air spaces in a field environment have not been clarified. The driving forces of the airflow in the vented air space are the buoyancy force due to the temperature difference between the outdoor air and the vented air space and the wind pressure. However, few studies have dealt with the influence of wind pressure. Since the velocity and the direction of the wind change irregularly, it is difficult to estimate the ventilation volume due to the wind. The objective of this study is to survey the ventilation volume through the vented air space and to investigate the effect of the driving force of the ventilation, which are buoyancy force and wind. Measurements have been carried out on the vented air space in an experimental wooden house that has several types of vented air spaces. The correlation between the ventilation volume and the driving force was discussed.

著者

岸本 嘉彦 安福 勝

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.758, pp.397-405, 2019 (Released:2019-04-30)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 1

---

In order to establish a more adequate prediction method for the indoor thermal environment and the air-conditioning load, it is essential that the calculation condition has good agreement with the actual situation. Although there is a high possibility that the actual usage of cooling and heating equipment of residential houses in Hokkaido is different from that in other districts, the unified conditions are being used for the prediction currently. Moreover, the air-conditioner for cold district is developed and is becoming popular in recent years. However, the actual usage of the air-conditioner in Hokkaido has not clarified yet. Therefore, the aim of this study is to estimate the actual usage of the air-conditioner in Hokkaido based on the results of the web questionnaire. The results are as follows. Among the air-conditioner households in Hokkaido, the rate of the households that the air-conditioner is used in summer reached to 80% over. However, the one in intermediate seasons becomes 40%, and the one in winter becomes 20%. It is found that the main reason of setting the air-conditioner is to use for cooling in summer. And the dehumidification mode is used through a whole year. This may be related with the custom that laundries are dried at indoor in Hokkaido. The rate of the households that the air-conditioner is used for heating in winter is about 20%, it can be said that the rate of utilization as a heating equipment is not high. However, the air-conditioner has advantage of more convenience than other heating equipment, such as instantaneous heating at morning in intermediate seasons and using with timer at bedtime in winter. More than half of the air-conditioner households had never considered that the air-conditioner is used for heating. And, 40% of the air-conditioner households have the negative image without the actual using of the air-conditioner for heating. These become the retards for using of the air-conditioner for heating. At more than 90% of the air-conditioner households, the setting temperature is more than the general temperature for the prediction in all season. It is found that that the indoor temperature has been kept about 24 degree C year-round. Because there are few customs that the feeling temperature is controlled by amount of clothing in Hokkaido, the indoor temperature is controlled constantly in the comfortable range without large changing of the amount of clothing.

著者

大橋 巧 宮崎 正幸 下田 吉之

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.688, pp.529-536, 2013-06-30 (Released:2013-08-30)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

5 3

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Electricity demand control of the peak hour in a summer and winter has been an important issue after the occurrence of the East Japan Great Earthquake which occurred in March, 2011. In addition, reduction of annual energy consumption is important from the viewpoint of global warming prevention, and the effective conservation measure may not be in agreement. In this paper, electricity consumption of the science research facilities is surveyed and analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the effect of various energy conservation measures was evaluated in each purpose (reduction of summer peak electricity / reduction of winter peak electricity / reduction of annual electricity consumption).

著者

小川 陽平 白石 靖幸

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.771, pp.379-387, 2020 (Released:2020-05-30)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

3 5

---

Thermo-Active Building System (TABS) is air conditioning system which utilizes the building frame as thermal storage part and radiation surface, and has been introduced in Japan in recent years. TABS offers higher energy efficiency, a more comfortable environment for workers and has advantages such as peak shift, reduction of heat source capacity and cost reduction by using large thermal mass. Also, control performance is important to create a comfortable thermal environment because the thermal response of the ceiling surface temperature is slow due to the large thermal mass. Therefore, research and development of new control methods is progressing. In particular, Model Predictive Control (MPC), that determines the current value of the optimal manipulated variable pattern while predicting the behavior of a future controlled variable, is attracting attention. In this study, we proposed MPC as optimal control method for an air conditioning system with large thermal mass. Moreover, we showed the effectiveness of this method by comparing conventional control method using coupled analysis of CFD analysis integrating general-purpose control simulator. The following results were obtained: 1. MPC had optimized the manipulated variable (water flow rate) to satisfy the constraint conditions while taking into account the future controlled variable, internal load and set point. Therefore, the control error of ceiling temperature from set point in the case of MPC was smaller than ON/OFF control. 2. MPC has the effect of reducing about 12% of the energy consumption required for cooling and transport power of piping water. 3. It was confirmed that not only the sensor location but also the working space satisfied the comfortable range at 1.1m above the floor.

著者

水沼 信 中村 安弘 中園 眞人

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.616, pp.37-43, 2007-06-30 (Released:2017-02-25)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

3 3

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The purpose of this study is to develop the ECO-insulator, which has thermal, humidity control and fireproof performance, for another to utilize agricultural wastes: rice-straw and chaff. Firstly, material properties of this ECO-insulator were measured and next, numerical simulations using these material properties were performed and the results of this ECO-insulator were compared with cases of Glass Wool and Extruded Polystyrene. The results are as follows; 1) Thermal performance of the insulator was more than one of Giass Wool 10K. 2) The fireproof performance was equivalent to one of Quasi-noncombustible Materials. 3) Without layer of vapor-barrier, it is pcssible to stop the dew condensation in the insides of walls, because of humidity control performance of this insulator.

著者

佐藤 慶季 中島 裕輔

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.753, pp.901-911, 2018 (Released:2018-11-30)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

---

Recent years have seen the wide adoption of floor insulated houses. Floor insulated houses is Many studies in the past have reported the high humidity of crawl spaces in the summer season. In this research, we propose a humidity control method for crawl spaces in floor insulated houses based on actual measurement data. The effects of that proposal on crawl spaces were clarified through experimentation and simulation. The result is shown as follows. 1) In the actual measurement, crawl space of target house is average relative humidity 80% or more in summer season. It was guessed that high humidity of crawl spaces can be suppressed by supplying indoor air to crawl space. 2) In the experimentation, it was confirmed that the relative humidity decreased due to the air supply effect. But the cumulative percentage at a relative humidity of over 80% didn't fall below 80 percent. Therefore, this result shows that the risk of fungal contamination is high. 3) In the simulation, calculations were performed to supply indoor air to the crawl space as in the actual measurement. it was confirmed that the relative humidity decreased due to the air supply effect in all areas. And it was shown that the risk of fungal contamination is relatively low where the cumulative percentage of relative humidity of 80% or more is 50% or less. Increase rate of heating load in the house was about 10% at maximum. As above, characteristics of hygrothermal behavior in the crawl space were clarify. And it was shown that supplying indoor air to the crawl space is effective for reduction of high humidity in the crawl space. The proposed method is effective only when indoor air is low humidity by air conditioner etc. But it is guessed that there are many people who use air conditioning in summer season. Therefore, it is believed that the method proposed in this research is important.

著者

合原 妙美 岩下 剛 田辺 新一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.806, pp.352-363, 2023-04-01 (Released:2023-04-01)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1

---

Air temperature and CO2 concentration were measured in classrooms with ventilation system from April 2018 through March 2022. It is assumed that, under the COVID-19 circumstances, windows of the classrooms, where ventilation system was working, were basically kept open throughout a year. The average air temperature at foot level was 11°C during winter period because of cold outdoor air infiltration. The estimated ventilation rate tended to decrease during winter period. However, the estimated ventilation rate per person more than 30 m3/h was obtained in case of half number of pupils in the classroom with Hybrid-Flexible lesson for the whole day.

著者

竹村 明久 山中 俊夫 相良 和伸 甲谷 寿史 桃井 良尚

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.673, pp.153-159, 2012-03-30 (Released:2012-07-02)

参考文献数

13

---

It is necessary to prepare a plenty of subjects in order to ensure the statistical confidence in the sensory evaluation of odor. Therefore, it is convenient if the minimum number of subjects can be prepared according to the necessary accuracy of measurement. In this paper, the sensory evaluation experiment with 1-butanol was conducted and evaluations by six subjects were compared with those by sixty subjects under the same sixty votes in total. Moreover, confidence intervals of intensity and percentage of person dissatisfied were estimated, and relationships between confidence intervals and the number of subjects were indicated.

著者

堀田 智樹 中島 裕輔

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.806, pp.364-374, 2023-04-01 (Released:2023-04-01)

参考文献数

27

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In this research, we developed an "Indoor and Outdoor Environment and Energy Visualization System" that supports energy-efficient living while maintaining comfort and safety, and conducted a long-term system operation experiment targeting detached houses.The results of the experiment confirmed that more than 90% of the houses utilize tools to easily check the indoor and outdoor environment, and adjust their behavior according to the indoor and outdoor environment. In addition, more than 75% of the houses visited the site at least once a week during most of the time period, and there was no trend of declining usage.

著者

飯泉 元気 小峯 裕己

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.806, pp.334-343, 2023-04-01 (Released:2023-04-01)

参考文献数

7

---

The fact-finding study for elevator system installed to a university facility of a high-rise building, which system is considered to have low service satisfaction was conducted. In addition, a comparison was made between the results of conventional elevator design methods and actual measured values. As a result, the accuracy of the round-trip time predictions could be improved by adjusting the "loss time factor" of the traffic calculation method. These results indicate that the adjusted traffic calculation method can be used to design elevator systems in high-rise university facilities.

著者

根本 晋吾 高橋 達

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.714, pp.639-646, 2015 (Released:2015-09-25)

参考文献数

18

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This paper describes results of a numerical simulation and an exergy analysis focusing on the influence of piping thermal insulation on thermal comfort and resource consumption related to hot water floor heating during night time. In a case, pipe length is 1m indoor and 4m outdoor, changing from polyethylene foam 10mm to urethane foam 30mm can reduce warm exergy consumption within the pipe from the boiler to the inlet of the floor in 68%. At the same time, the seasonal median of the room air temperature at am 6:00 can be raised from 15.5°C to 20.0°C. Improving thermal insulation of piping increases radiant and convective warm exergy from the floor two times and four times, even if hot water temperature at the outlet of the boiler is the same.

著者

坂口 武司 山中 俊夫 甲谷 寿史 桃井 良尚 相良 和伸

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.736, pp.569-578, 2017 (Released:2017-06-30)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

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Not only spaces of study, such as, a classroom and a library, but also those for informal communication in lunch time and after school, such as, courtyard and entrance hall, are one of the most important factors for campus planning. To say about communication spaces, the environment and its influence on the state of mind and the behavior of the students must be different between the indoor communication space where the thermal condition is controlled by artificial devices, and that of outdoor where the thermal condition changes naturally. But, few studies are found from the viewpoint of thermal condition and usage of those spaces. The purpose of this study is to figure out the thermal and architectural influences of the indoor and outdoor community spaces of the junior and senior high school buildings on the state of mind and the behavior of the students through the year. The research of the thermal environment, the observational survey and the questionnaire survey have been done in June, September, October, November, and February, in the junior and senior high school. The results are shown as follows. 1. Both the result of the observational survey and the questionnaire survey shows that students stay hall and courtyard having a lunch and chattering in lunch time, then, after school, they were mainly studying in the hall, chattering and having rendezvous with friends in the courtyard. The staying time is longer in the hall than in the courtyard. So, it found that students chose which to stay depend on the staying time and purpose. 2. The research of the thermal environment and observational survey show that there was no correlation between the number of students in the hall or courtyard and the temperature, and also that students kept staying in the courtyard in high temperature as 28 degree centigrade in September. 3. There was a weak positive correlation between the temperature and the rate to choose staying in the courtyard. In September, in spite of the heat, the rate increased. In February, because of the cold, the rate decreased. 4. PMV of the hall and courtyard was almost within +1.0 to -1.0 through the year. In June and September, in the courtyard, PMV increased more than +1.0, but the number of the students staying there didn't decrease. 5. The thermal sense in February shows that the ratio of the sum of the cold and slightly cold in the hall was more than that in the courtyard. It can be inferred that the students' basic metabolic rate is higher than those of the grown-up, and also, that students have chosen to stay outside by themselves, knowing it's cold there. 6. In the courtyard, there was no correlation between the evaluation of thermal comfort and PPD. One of the reasons is assumed that there are a lot of stimulus in outdoor except for thermal stimuli, one more reason is also assumed that thermal condition such as heat and cold outdoor is tend to be widely accepted compared with indoor. 7. The students' evaluation shows that furniture and vending machines promote to stay in the courtyard. 8. The students' evaluation shows that they feel natural factors, such as, “wind” , ”shade of tree”, “sunshine”, and “sky”, more in the courtyard than in the hall. 9. The students' evaluation shows that there were about 30% replies of the long distance from the classroom to there, for the reason why students don't stay in the hall or the courtyard. But, another evaluation shows there is not obvious relation between the distance and the number of staying students. On the other hand, the reason to stay in the hall or courtyard has a difference by grade. Those results are expected to be the basic data necessary for planning informal communication spaces in schools, specially in the outdoor.

著者

長谷川 兼一 吉野 博 後藤 伴延

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.768, pp.169-176, 2020 (Released:2020-02-28)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3 1

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According to statistical data reported by the Japanese government, the major causes of death for Japanese people are cancer, heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. The incidence rate of cerebrovascular disease in particular is higher during winter than summer (Hayama, 2011). One possible reason for this seasonal difference is that exposure to low temperatures can cause fluctuations in blood pressure. In houses with poor thermal insulation, indoor temperature differences between heated and non-heated spaces, such as the bathroom, corridors, and lavatory can be larger during winter. Many houses in the Tohoku region have a poor thermal environment during winter, and the incidence rate of cerebrovascular disease in this area is the highest compared to the other areas in Japan. Hasegawa and Yoshino (1985) investigated indoor thermal environment in houses of Yamagata prefecture, which is included in Tohoku region, during the heating season and the death rate of cerebrovascular disease in 1983 and 1984. As a result, the temperature difference between the heated living room and the unheated rooms was found to be great. Also it was revealed that if the lavatory temperature was low or the bedroom was not heated, the occupants living in such houses statistically tended to be susceptible to cerebral vascular accident. In order to clarify the association between the indoor environment of residential buildings and cerebrovascular disease, an epidemiological survey of 188 elderly persons living in Yamagata Prefecture in the Tohoku region of Japan was conducted. The specific areas investigated included three rural towns (former Yahata town, former Haguro town and Asahi town) and these areas are same as the investigated areas about 30 years ago. The survey was divided into three phases. The first phase (Phase 1) was a cross-sectional questionnaire on housing characteristics related to the indoor thermal environment and occupants' lifestyle habits among elderly persons. This paper describes the results obtained from this questionnaire and presents the characteristics of the indoor thermal environment and occupants' lifestyle habits during winter. Moreover, an association between the increase in rate of death due to cerebrovascular disease and factors that influenced the indoor environment of houses is examined using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The multivariable logistic regression analysis shows that always feeling a draft in the living room while operating heating equipment (AOR, 8.14; 95%CI, 1.55-42.8) and low temperature in a living room at morning (AOR, 0.87; 95%CI, 0.78-0.98) was positively associated with an increased rate of death due to cerebrovascular disease for former Yahata town. These results indicate that a poor indoor thermal environment may contribute to an increase in the rate of death due to cerebrovascular disease. In addition, a high salt diet may contribute to the onset of cerebrovascular disease. When participants moved from a living room to a bathroom during winter, they reported thermal sensations, such as ‘warm’, ‘neutral’ and ‘cold’. AOR for ‘cold’ when entering a bathroom (AOR, 0.17; 95%CI, 0.05–0.58) was significant for former Yahata. These results indicate that occupants in this town did not feel cold, although the indoor temperatures among surveyed towns were similar. AOR for light clothing when staying at home was significant for former Yahata town and participants were thinly dressed during heating season. Therefore they may be more readily exposed to a cold indoor environment than other towns.

著者

紺野 良文 森 太郎 岩間 雄介

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.751, pp.729-736, 2018 (Released:2018-09-30)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

6 5

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Introduction Households in “Fuel Poverty” is defined as the households which need to spend more than 10% of its income on all fuel use and to heat its home to an adequate standard of warmth. Fuel Poverty is caused by three factors: low income, high fuel price and poor energy efficiency of a home. In cold climate region, people need to use heating to keep warm, but households in Fuel Poverty cannot afford to heat their house adequately. In this research, we investigated Fuel Poverty (hereafter FP) in Hokkaido with questionnaires and public statistic data. Literature review A report published from DECC1) indicates three household groups who have older adults, who have children, and who have people with long-term care and disabled are tend to be in FP. Sunderland3) wrote the definition and the policy in England. The policy against FP has three categories, 1st, Measures to support income for low-income households, 2nd, Measures to improve the energy efficiency of houses, 3rd, Measures to discount energy prices. The government in England has spent £41.6 billion on the measures. The measure to support income has the biggest rate, 72%. But Sunderland wrote that the most important measure is to improve the energy efficiency of their homes. Although there are many types of research about an actual situation of FP in England and other Europian countries, there is a few research for FP in Japan. The research in Europian countries indicated that there is the relationship between FP and the risk of health even in younger generations. We should immediately implement the research on FP in Northern Japan where the climate is colder than Europian countries. Actual situation of FP in Hokkaido We conducted a questionnaire survey in three areas to investigate the actual condition of FP in Hokkaido, The results of the questionnaire in Biei town and Sunagawa city were used to analyze the situation of FP with older adults. The result of the questionnaire in K school student was used to analyze the situation of FP with younger people. We used the equations (1), (2), and (3) to calculate energy cost. Those costs are used to judge whether it was a household with FP. In elderly households, the FP rates are high, when the householder is female, the number of people in the household is small, and the households live in a house with low energy efficiency. In younger households, the FP rates are high, when the age of householders are under 39 or over 60, and the number of people in the households is large. Also, we analyzed the regional situation of FP with Housing and Land Survey, 2013. As the result of the analysis. The rate in the southern Sorachi area where coal mines were located in is very high. On the other hand, the FP rates in Sapporo suburb are low. Fig. 18 and 19 indicated the relationship among FP rate, HDD, the rate of the house built before 1980, and the rate of households who have under 3M yen/year. FP rate has good correlation with the rate of the house built before 1980 and the rate of household who has income under 3M yen. But the correlation between FP rate and HDD is not better than other indexes.

著者

里 洋平 新藤 幹 稲葉 愛永 藤井 香菜子 新井 遥 中川 純 田辺 新一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.802, pp.877-887, 2022-12-01 (Released:2022-12-01)

参考文献数

16

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As the trend toward a decarbonized society accelerates, Net Zero Energy Houses are expected to become more popular. In recent years, the residential sector has been facing the problem of inadequate adjustment of power supply and demand due to the expansion of renewable energy installations.The objective of this study is to understand the actual situation of energy consumption and electricity supply and demand in Net Zero Energy Houses. The primary energy consumption of all-electrified and gas-combination ZEHs were compared. In addition, the relationship between house attribute, occupant lifestyle, and primary energy consumption of all-electrified ZEH were analyzed.

著者

岩下 剛

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.747, pp.473-480, 2018 (Released:2018-05-30)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Cooling equipments have been remarkably introduced to school classrooms recently, and the saturation level of air conditioners in public schools is reached almost 100% in Tokyo City Area. Before cooling equipments were installed to classrooms, an appropriate amount of ventilation might have been maintained because windows of classrooms were mostly open during summer period. On the other hand, the ventilation rates were often reduced during winter period because of less frequency of window opening. Such less ventilation and worse air quality could be caused during summer period as well in accordance with the introduction of cooling equipments. Indoor air environment audit in schools has been conducted regularly by local government in Japan. The audit is conducted every two months in large scale schools which total floor area was over 8000 m2, and conducted generally once or twice a year in all schools irrespective of school size. Although the results of this audit could be useful to realize the indoor air quality in schools during various seasons, the results of the measurements are little made public from the local government. Therefore the results of the audit were used as the evidence in previous study. In the Law for Maintenance of Sanitary Environment in Buildings, it is demanded the CO2 concentration in the room to be 1000 ppm or less. In the previous study, it was reported that the mean CO2 concentration in the target elementary school classrooms was blow 1000 ppm during summer and midterm period. Furthermore the mean CO2 concentration in the secondary school classrooms was above 1000 ppm during all periods in the previous study. Recently indoor air quality monitoring in public building has been conducted worldwide. The French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI) was commissioned to assess children's exposure to various indoor air pollutants in schools. In the French study, the ICONE (Indice de CONfinement d'air dans les Ecoles) index was used to evaluate air stuffiness during occupied periods. One of the purposes of this study is to use the ICONE index to the results of air environmental audit for school classrooms in Tokyo district X. The analyzed schools in this study are elementary and secondary public schools located in Tokyo metropolitan district X. The period of analysis was set as 6 years from 2007 to 2012 fiscal year. The following conclusions were obtained; 1) In 63 % of elementary schools and 20 % of secondary schools, the ICONE index during summer period showed the lowest value, i.e., the lowest air stuffiness, and that during winter period showed the highest. 2) During summer period the percentage of schools with a ICONE score of 3, 4 or 5 in secondary schools was significantly larger than that in elementary schools. During winter period the difference in the above percentage between elementary and secondary schools was contrastively small. 3) The tendency that the windows are apt to close by introducing cooling equipments might be more detected in secondary schools than elementary schools. 4) The relationship between the number of occupants and the suspended particles concentration was not clear. The evidence that students or their activity are primary source of particulate matter was not obtained. 5) The worldwide data comparison for IAQ in schools could be useful, and the results of the audit should be utilized as feedback information to improve the indoor air quality.

著者

林 基哉 金 勲 開原 典子 小林 健一 鍵 直樹 柳 宇 東 賢一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.765, pp.1011-1018, 2019 (Released:2019-11-30)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 2

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The state of the increase in the nonconformity rates of air environment in specific buildings was investigated using local government survey reports. The factors in the increase of carbon dioxide concentration were analyzed in consideration of the increase of ambient concentration, the characteristics of indoor concentrations and the characteristics of the government reports. The results were as follows. 1 The nonconformity rates of humidity, temperature and carbon dioxide concentration have increased with the number of specific buildings since 1999. And reports made by the owners of specific buildings are substituted for inspections by government officials in most prefectures. 2 One of the factors in the increase of nonconformity rates of temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration is the increase of reports using measurement data by building maintenance suppliers. The nonconformity rates of humidity and carbon dioxide concentration were higher in northern prefectures. 3 The frequency of indoor carbon dioxide concentration in specific buildings in Tokyo was similar to that in Osaka. The frequency distribution of the differences between indoor concentration and outdoor concentration in Tokyo follows Weibull frequency distribution. 4 The ambient concentration of carbon dioxide has increased especially in urban areas. The increase of ambient concentration is thought to increase the indoor concentrations in specific buildings. 5 The nonconformity rates of carbon dioxide concentration depend on not only ambient concentration but also the rates of ventilation reduction and survey methods by governments. The nonconformity rates were calculated using an equation composed on the basis of Weibull frequency. The coefficients of these factors were calculated using the equation and the survey data on all Japan. 6 The increase of ambient concentration made the nonconformity rate of indoor concentration 3.1% higher and ventilation reduction made it 7.2% higher and the change of survey method made it 11.6% higher in these nineteen years. These results showed that the increase of nonconformity rates depends on several factors. Therefore it is necessary to design integrated countermeasures in order to decrease these nonconformity rates.

著者

中島 章博 上野 佳奈子 坂本 慎一 橘 秀樹

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.626, pp.415-422, 2008-04-30 (Released:2008-08-20)

参考文献数

13

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In Japan, “open-plan” type classroom is becoming popular in elementary schools. Although this planning has various merits for educational activities, sound propagation between adjacent classrooms tends to be a serious acoustical problem. In this study,therefore, the sound propagation between closely located two classrooms connected by an open-space was investigated by numerical simulation using FDTD method. In the simulation, two classrooms and the open-space connecting them were modeled and the configuration of the rooms and sound absorption treatment on the room boundaries were examined. As a result, it has been found that sound absorption treatment on the ceiling and architectural/acoustic treatment for the wall of the open-space which makes mirror-reflection are effective to mitigate the sound propagation between the classrooms.

著者

伊澤 啓 林 立也

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.799, pp.597-606, 2022-09-01 (Released:2022-09-01)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

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The principal aim of this study is to quantitatively clarify the WTP (Willingness to Pay Additional Rent) for “Wellness Offices”.We conducted a questionnaire targeting companies. Then, the WTP was calculated by analysis using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), which is an evaluation method of environmental value. This study revealed the following two main points.1. The WTP of all valid samples (N = 140) is 5.63%.2. The WTP of companies working in small offices in a poor building environment is 8.22%, whereas the WTP of companies working in large offices in a good building environment is 2.85%.