著者

立花 美緒 藤井 佳人 安田 幸一 宮本 文人

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.775, pp.1841-1851, 2020 (Released:2020-09-30)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1

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It has been a growing concern to educators not only to support students to acquire the knowledge and skills of each subject but also to develop the students' broader competencies for their life and society. Dewey (1900) discussed it in School and Society. Rychen and Salganik (2006) proposed key competencies in the OECD DeSeCo project; use tools interactively, interact in heterogeneous groups, and act autonomously. In terms of space for interaction and socializing students, this paper focuses on the central common space like a square in schools, 'common core, ' Kuhn (2012) mentioned as one of the four characteristic features new schools share. This study investigated the spatial composition and use of common cores in five upper secondary schools, 'gymnasier' in Denmark, where central common spaces in upper secondary school architectures have been developed since the 1970s. First, functions, spatial composition, and environmental elements of the common core were examined by analysis of architectural drawings and on-site surveys. Next, interviews with teachers on the use of common cores and behavior observations of students and teachers were conducted. It was found that school buildings with common cores were designed not to have too many total floor areas by the ambiguity of common cores; they had multiple functions, such as lounge, auditorium, canteen, and open classrooms at the same time or by time-sharing. One of the sample schools also deleted another function from the school building programme by using public facilities instead and managed spaces for class efficiently with an online reservation system. In terms of defense, natural surveillance was taken into account in the five common cores, where students were staying near the entrance. For administrations or rooms of teachers or staff are adjacent to them. Some common cores were found to be composed of various scaled realms. Teachers considered common cores more importantly as flexible spaces for interactions, events, and students' autonomous actions than specific functional spaces such as the canteen, auditorium, entrance. They appreciated the common core's visibility, transparency, and having the heart of the whole school. On the other hand, some students grew more independent with the openness of common cores, but others might not overcome it. Acoustic absorption, the balance of open and closed space, and creating various spaces were considered indispensable. A mid- to long-term plan for maintenance should be drawn up on the grounds of their air volume and the fact that some air conditioning were left broken there. Students selected relatively small enclosed realms for group work in class and self-study rather than large main spaces. Spatial articulations and segments were, therefore, considered to be effective as learning environments in the common cores. The characteristics of common cores in the five schools were clarified through exploring the relationship between space composition, use, and behavior of students and teachers.

著者

加戸 啓太 青野 敏紀 平沢 岳人

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.742, pp.3259-3268, 2017 (Released:2017-12-30)

参考文献数

13

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Visual programming has quickly become widely used tool for algorithmic design in the past several years. Because the contents of visual programming are easy to understand and intuitive, it is also leveraged for describing design process. On the other hand, the authors studied 3D based knowledge representation for traditional wooden architecture or wooden skeleton structures houses. In previous studies, detailed 3D models could be created using parametric part classes which were defined with text programming; however, contents in the part classes were complicated and unsuitable for sharing as knowledge, challenging the requirement that the part classes and parts structure should be represented clearly. In this paper, the authors attempt the executable graphical representation of building system for traditional tokyo-bu by using visual programming. Through the development of a visual programming system, multiple ways of representation are considered. Representation methods with visual programming are studied based on two themes: part class including design method and parts structure. In the study of design method, eight types of components are defined: parameter, variable, vertex, segment, plane, solid, process and func. The components are similar to a craftsman's work. Process components include sawing and chiseling by subtracting solids from a solid. Func components imply drawing practices such as drawing perpendicular bisector or solving intersection of two lines. By using the components and directed connectors which have an entry sequence, the design method for masu and hijiki are descripted graphically. The design method has some inputs for parametric forming. To represent systematized proportionality relations which are typified as kiwari, a base of part class comprises two kinds of information, design method, and its inputs, which are described with parameters and variables. By this composition, part classes for masu, which are based some traditional drafting rules, are represented as organized diagrams. A base of part classes for hijiki, which are based on traditional rules called kansatsu, is also represented. Parts structure based on part classes in the preceding section results in a complex diagram. Many components and connecters are employed for describing the location of each part. It is shown that mistakable redundant description, such as a redefinition of a variable. To solve this issue, the authors incorporate a technique called scene graph. Scene graph is a technique for creating a tree-structured 3D scene. The technique establishes a Parent-child relation, which makes a tree-structure containing relative attitudes and the locations of each part that are calculated by pursuing relations. Relative attitudes to connectible parts type are added to the description of the part classes. Finally, the part class is represented with three kinds of information, design method, its inputs, and contestability. The behavior of a part will be represented by the part class. With these part classes, part structures of tokyo-bu are represented clearly. The representation shows a formal order for dimensions of parts. Connections of each part also illustrate its assembly. Processing systems for visual programming are also shown. It makes the graphical representation executable. The system consists of a visual programming editor, database, for managing components and connectors in editor, and interpreter to convert visual programming into executable scripts. The authors conclude that the part class, including the design method, and the parts structure is clearly represented through visual programming. Executable graphical description with visual programming could be used for knowledge representation for building system.

著者

吉田 亨 玉川 英則 新保 雅之

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.463, pp.133-138, 1994-09-30 (Released:2017-01-27)

参考文献数

12

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"Uranihon" is a name of the sections of Honsyu along the Sea of Japan. But it sometimes means the undeveloped part of Japan, too, because the prefix "lira" has a negative nuance in Japanese. This paper analyzes frequence of using and the transition of meaning of the word by using old local newspapers in Niigata Prefecture since mid Meiji era, and investigates the historical background. In result,the periods when the word was frequently used were Showa tens and Showa thirties and in the both periods the meaning of the word deeply reflected the historical background.

著者

池上 重康 越野 武 角 幸博

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.466, pp.153-162, 1994-12-30 (Released:2017-01-27)

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There, since 1922, lived several professors of the newly founded School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, in Kita 10-11 Nishi 3 blocks, Kita-ku, Sapporo. In the community called "Igakubu-bunkamura", they had certain relationship to the activities of the Bunka-Seikatsu Kenkyukai (Modern Life Society) promoted by Dr. Kokichi Morimoto, and wrote some essays on the society's jounal "Bunka-Seikatsu". We could, by statements and photographs of their relatives, observe that they achieved some improvements in their houses : the use of hard floors for drawing rooms, studies and dining rooms, and of glass window panes, the improvement of engawa, the utilization of space between ceiling and roof.

著者

岩松 準 遠藤 和義

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.803, pp.237-245, 2023-01-01 (Released:2023-01-01)

参考文献数

11

---

In the many construction marketplaces in Japan, number of participants per bid has gradually decreased over the long term. Especially in the Tokyo metropolitan area, the number of single-bids has gradually increased. And that exposed some competition policy issues. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government had tried to cancel some single-bids in one-year period start from June 2017, but it had been abandoned due to the industry’s opposition and interference of public works projects by that measure etc. Large number of bid result data for building works over 20 years mainly for public building works in the Kanto region were analyzed.

著者

八藤後 猛 野村 歡

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.488, pp.159-164, 1996-10-30 (Released:2017-02-02)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

2 2

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Researched the usage of Hoists, Table lift, Stair lift, and Home elevator used in homes. Recognized that those equipments not only reduce the physical workload of a family, but also help reduce the mental burden of both a disabled person and his or her family. Those are used in daily life and improve the quality of life. However, since the houses must be remodeled to install those equipments, most user currently own their own houses. Therefore, it is difficult for the people who need these to install immediately. Also, the number of accident while using those machines is low, and no serious accident has occurred. Yet most people worry about the safety of using those machines, except home elevators, so better safety measures for those are required in the future.

著者

真木 利江

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.648, pp.511-516, 2010-02-28 (Released:2010-06-07)

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The aim of this paper is to clarify the spatial composition of landscape paintings drawn as hanging scroll by Sesshu. The elements that compose landscapes are divided into topographical, arboreal and artificial. The landscapes are analyzed by considering the arrangement of these elements transformed into the three-dimensional frame. In consequence, these can be divided into five types, and each spatial composition is illustrated with isometric projection: 1)Curving by one side, 2)Curving by both sides, 3)Zigzag line, 4)Intermitting and Rising, and 5)Contrast of near and far. And the spatial relation of these types is cleared in view of the spatial vector.

著者

高橋 達 宿谷 昌則

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.482, pp.43-50, 1996-04-30 (Released:2017-01-28)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1 2

---

We developed a method to calculate entropy values associated with mutual diffusion of substances and to articulate an exergy-entropy process of human body in terms of water and other inorganic substances. The purpose is to have a better understanding of the consumption process of freshwater resource of human body. It was found that human body consumes 95% of the supplied exergy of inorganic matter and disposes of the rest, namely 5%, with urine. The amount of water, 1.0〜1.6kg/day, which is required by human body, was confirmed to be optimum for maintaining actively the state of exergy in terms of inorganic matters in human body, while consuming the least exergy of freshwater. The disposal of entropy generated within human body by urination makes room for consuming exergy contained by freshwater.

著者

柴田 宗典 石突 光隆 対馬 銀河

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.803, pp.56-67, 2023-01-01 (Released:2023-01-01)

参考文献数

16

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This study tries to develop the estimation method of pedestrian OD flow in railway station with applying AI movie processing to measure cross-sectional flow volume and enhanced entropy maximization model which can deal with passenger volume on several routes. Firstly, this paper shows measurement accuracy of cross-sectional flow volume might be enough and measurement error can be in accordance with normal distribution. Secondly, reproductivity of the enhanced entropy maximization model is evaluated by numerical experiments. This study concludes that proposed model possibly estimates OD flow from cross-sectional flow volume data with adequate accuracy trough a day.

著者

楠 拓也 吉川 徹 讃岐 亮

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.803, pp.212-223, 2023-01-01 (Released:2023-01-01)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2

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This research aims to clarify the related structure of regional characteristics and the distribution of medical and long-term care resources in secondary medical areas throughout Japan. Structural equation modeling was applied to variables concerning regional characteristics, the number of hospital beds, and the capacity of long-term care insurance facilities. The results suggest that urbanity and depopulation as latent factors of regional characteristics are indirectly related to the distribution of medical and long-term care resources through the concentricity of the elderly which is higher in the suburb. This may lead to the need for relaxation of zoning regulation on related facilities.

著者

櫻川 廉 権藤 智之

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.803, pp.124-131, 2023-01-01 (Released:2023-01-01)

参考文献数

11

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This paper revealed the characteristics of the development of the building system of Japanese wooden houses from 1966 to 1976, from the survey of 416 evaluation records of wooden house structures by the Building Center of Japan. The results are as follows. First, the building system diversified around 1970 such as platform construction or log construction, in addition, some wooden panel building systems were mass-produced. Second, many building systems can be regarded as a rationalization of the conventional wooden building system, as the parts around the panels remained as posts and beams.

著者

石塚 直樹 澤田 雅浩

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.803, pp.154-164, 2023-01-01 (Released:2023-01-01)

参考文献数

13

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The following three points were identified as the impact of community revitalization support on the workers themselves.1. 80% of the community revitalization supporters continue to live in his assigned area after retiring from their jobs after being involved in community revitalization support.2. 90% of community revitalization supporters have changed professions after their involvement in community recovery as a professional, and have diversified into a variety of occupations.3. 80% of the community revitalization supporters continue to be involved with their assigned regions even after quit the job, and the contents of their involvement are diversified.

著者

村川 三郎 坂上 恭助 越川 康夫 高津 靖夫 仲川 ゆり

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.522, pp.91-96, 1999-08-30 (Released:2017-02-03)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1 1

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The purpose of this study is to establish the new calculating method of fixture requirements for railway stations by applying a simulation method based on the characteristic factors of stations. In this paper, as part one of the study, we analyzed the weekday data of passengers and toilet users in three East JR stations, Tokyo area. The results are as follows. We showed the sequential changes of the numbers of passengers and toilet users in each hour through a day. The ratio of the toilet users for the passengers has five stages in a day. On the basis of the analysis of the U station including the people of transfer, the number of transfers has to be considered as a factor of the calculating method of fixture requirements for railway stations. We showed the relationships between the passengers included the people of transfer and the toilet users in each of four stages needed for the calculation. We clarified the ratios of the number of toilet users in each gender for the estimated numbers of passengers of male and female.

著者

近藤 康子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.800, pp.2072-2079, 2022-10-01 (Released:2022-10-01)

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In his book Rikyu’s Tea, Sutemi Horiguchi considered tea ceremony from a viewpoint of overall relations among space, thing, and behavior and gave tea bowls the representative status of tea-things. When he referred to them, he used an expression of “tea bowl in tea ceremony.” It suggests he saw tea bowls in tea ceremony as something incomplete in itself. In other words, contrary to our expectation, he shed light on lack of artful beauty or aesthetic character of tea bowls. This paper intends to precisely trace Horiguchi’s these considerations on tea bowls and clarify their meanings in his architectural thought.

著者

船越 正啓 上和田 茂 青木 正夫

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.614, pp.1-8, 2007-04-30 (Released:2017-02-25)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2 1

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The aim of this research is to make it clear how the custom of retirement from the headship of family has been succeeded and changed in the rural area of the Western Japan. The summary of this research is as follows; The custom of retirement from the headship of family has been succeeded, because the separate living type has been shown in over 60 percent of the examined families in each district. But the percentage of the separate living type differs in districts. In some districts, the ratio has been decreasing. That means that the principles of living and economic independence have been collapsing. In other words, the custom of retirement from the headship of family has shown the aspect of the diversification. The decrease of living in the separate house in the same lot results from the aging of the parents, the decline of the self-support ability, and the decline of financial ability. Most of the family hopes to live in the separated houses. In which, the mutual interference can be avoided. Still, some old parents hope to live together.

著者

吉田 友彦 齋藤 雪彦 高梨 正彦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.573, pp.117-124, 2003-11-30 (Released:2017-02-09)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

8 6

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This paper aims to clarify characteristics of land ownership of "un-urbanized" housing land developments in Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, which was permitted by Old Housing Land Development Law of 1964. The Old Law was abolished in 1968. Some areas of these developments show very low built-up ratio because of insufficient infrastructures in terms of sewage, drinking water and public facilities. There are three types of land ownerships in un-urbanized areas. Firstly, ownerships without any transfer except for inheretances and donations amount to 65 percent. Secondly, speculative purchases and selling amount to 18 percent. Third, housing land with residents amount to 18 percent.

著者

齋藤 駿介

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.802, pp.2678-2689, 2022-12-01 (Released:2022-12-01)

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During WWII, creation of the Comprehensive Sen’en Regional Development Plan spurred the implementation of the Sen’en Great Merger. However, Sendai and Shiogama were at odds over the development of Shiogama Port. As a result, the fourth expansion of Sendai City was undertaken. This was accomplished by incorporating only five neighboring villages, while the municipal system of Shiogama City was implemented, only partially implementing the original plan for the merger. Thus, although the Sen’en Plan and the Sen’en Great Merger partially contributed to the formation of an expansive urban region, they lacked feasibility, and the originally grandiose plan was largely incomplete.

著者

竹内 渉 北川 啓介 今枝 良輔 陳 曄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.800, pp.1910-1921, 2022-10-01 (Released:2022-10-01)

参考文献数

7

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Building alterations often occur when the buildings ought to be updated to meet new standards. In such processes, original values of existing buildings tend to be neglected in favor of hasty demolitions and economic benefits from aggressive alterations. In this research, we will investigate the mechanism of architectural alterations that respect the value of existing buildings. It will help uncover the successive values of buildings that are to be preserved rather than imminently demolished.

著者

高 歓 上山 肇

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.759, pp.1167-1176, 2019 (Released:2019-05-30)

参考文献数

12

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In recent years, environmental problems, especially garbage (general waste) problems are getting worse as urban development progresses. According to the statistics of the Ministry of the Environment of Waste and Recycling Countermeasures Department of the Waste Management Division of the 47 prefectures, the amount of garbage discharge per person per day in Nagano Prefecture has been low for 2 consecutive years from 2014 to 2015. It is ranked first for the least amount of garbage in the country. Environmental conservation activities in this research refer to those activities such as reduction of waste (general waste), treatment and recycling. In order to promote the formation of a recycling-based society, it is necessary to clarify the actual situation of environmental conservation activities by civic cooperation in Nagano Prefecture. Although there are many previous studies on civic cooperation, environmental conservation activities, but there is no comparison and analysis of the actual situation of environmental conservation activities by civic cooperation for all municipalities in one prefecture. Therefore, we conducted a questionnaire survey on the actual situation of environmental conservation activities by civic cooperation in Nagano prefecture to administrative officials concerning environmental conservation of 77 municipalities in Nagano prefecture. Findings: 1) The municipalities groups in Nagano prefecture, which engage in the preservation of the environment by government-led& citizen participation scheme and citizen group-led& citizen participation scheme, show a tendency of drastically decreased amount of waste reduction. 2) The contents of environmental preservation activities implemented in regional collaboration are mainly concerned with conservation of rivers 3) Reducing household waste reduction is more effective than reducing garbage in business community. Issues: 1) City and town have many types of environmental preservation activities than village 2) More than half of municipalities are ungrasping about the result of activities 3) Nearly 30% of municipalities feel that human resource development is necessary with cooperation partners. To plan for activities that foreigners can easily participate in the future, we must devise measures to improve awareness of the environmental issues among foreigners and motivate them for more participation.

著者

西澤 泰彦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.457, pp.215-224, 1994-03-30 (Released:2017-01-27)

被引用文献数

1

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After the Russo-Japanese War, South Manchuria Railway Company was established in order to operate some railways and rule the Railway Zone by Japanese Government, and it had the Architects' Office which was the biggest architectural office in the Northeastern Province of China "Manchuria". This paper introduces a history of the Architects' Office and all of architects in it.