著者

岡辺 重雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.641, pp.1593-1602, 2009-07-30 (Released:2010-01-18)

参考文献数

40

---

The Building Standard Law requires site corner-cutoff at each crossing when constructing a building with new road, while it doesn't require corner-cutoff if the site is located onto an existing road (i.e. Construction of a new road is not necessary). This paper reveals the historic reason of this double standard. Before World War II, the corner-cutoff rule for new roads was included in the building line guideline set by the central government, and the corner-cutoff rule for existing roads was included in the local government rules. After World War II, however, the new Building Standard Law was established, under which private citizens can apply for a road construction to the government, and two old corner-cutoff rules were abolished. In 1970, when the new road standards were established, the details about corner-cutoff for newly constructed roads was stipulated, but those about existing roads were left untouched.Then this paper studies following three thoughts on how to resolve this double standard: 1) the corner-cutoff rule should be regulated for all road, 2) necessity to unify regulatory criteria, 3) the exclusion of the corner-cut off rule is also necessary.

著者

東 実千代 新谷 恵 八木 成江 守屋 好文 疋田 洋子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.552, pp.29-35, 2002-02-28 (Released:2017-02-04)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

3 2

---

The purpose of this study is to accumulate long term field-measurement data of the concentration of formaldehyde(HCHO) and volatile organic compounds(VOCs) found in indoor air, and to investigate the behavior of these concentrations. In addition, we studied the lifestyle and any symptoms of the occupants. The duration of the field measurements was 1996-1999(HCHO) and 1996-1998(VOCs). The results showed that a higher concentration of HCHO was detected during the heat of the summer. decreasing as temperatures decreased. While each summer showed a fluctuation in these levels, over a four year period, there was an overall decline in the concentration. A high concentration of total volatile oreranic compounds (TVOC) was detected in newly constructed houses. All of the TVOC concentrations exceeded the interim target level and the VOCs components were influenced by the habits and lifestyles of the occupants. We did not find any association between the concentration of HCHO or the VOCs in the indoor air and the symptoms experienced by the occupants.

著者

武田 至

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.603, pp.45-50, 2006-05-30 (Released:2017-02-17)

参考文献数

7

---

A crematory does not have an institution standard, but a test calculation example of a floor space is exemplified. I was aimed at clarifying the test calculation correction of errors in question and the present conditions of a building plan. As for the result, estrangement was thought to be a test calculation example. There were many institutions in a small institution with a few floor spaces, and, in the large-scale institution, there were many institutions, which grew bigger than a test calculation example. When there was a ceremonial hall, there were many institutions than a test calculation example with many floor spaces.

著者

江本 弘

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.735, pp.1277-1283, 2017 (Released:2017-05-30)

参考文献数

9

---

Having remained in oblivion for three quarters of a century, the reevaluation of Horatio Greenough’s “functionalist” theory during the mid-20th century had its due start in the 1910’s, when literary men like Van Wyck Brooks and Lewis Mumford became alarmed by the increasingly broken pace of a materialistic world, and encouraged the revival of the mid-19th century American spirit, when the harmony of spiritual and material life had been successfully achieved. Through this academic line of inquiry, Greenough’s critical efforts were thus gradually salvaged during the following two decades. Mumford would then function as a central node, spreading information that enhanced Greenough’s popularity and significance not only among foreign architects, but also among domestic scholars from other disciplines.

著者

李 桓

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.465, pp.115-121, 1994-11-30 (Released:2017-01-27)

参考文献数

24

---

This paper studies the idea of "qing-nang-jing", which is an authority of feng-shui in China. The contents of this paper are as follows. 1. Introduction 2. Study on existing research 3. Objective, method and significance of this study 4. Study : part one, part two and part three 5. Conclusion

著者

李 斌 舟橋 國男 奥 俊信 鈴木 毅 小浦 久子 木多 道宏

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.518, pp.145-151, 1999-04-30 (Released:2017-02-03)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

1 1

---

It is known that, in ancient China, the sitting styles changed from sitting-on-floor to sitting-on-chair. But the time of turning-point of sitting-on-chair has not been ascertained yet. By dividing into 4 stages, namely, "Age of Sitting-on-Floor", "Appearance of Sitting-on-Chair", "Expansion of Sitting-on-Chair" and "Generalization of Sitting-on-Chair", this study tries to clarify the changing process of sitting styles themselves and its reasons. With the change of sitting styles, the floor structure of building also changed. From the point of view of sitting style, this study tries to clarify the relationship between the change of this behavior style and the change of architectural environment.

著者

吉沢 望 稲本 淳平 平手 小太郎 大山 能永 小野 浩史

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.550, pp.87-93, 2001-12-30 (Released:2017-02-04)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

5 7

---

This paper focused on the reliability of the virtual simulation system for the residential environment evaluation. Through the comparative experiments between virtual and actual space, brightness perception, space perception, length perception and a sense of reality were examined. In the virtual space the height and the width were well reproduced, while the depth could not be perceived so precisely. A sense of reality was influenced by the level of modeling and the way of texture maping, and it was found out that the level of modeling does not need to be unlimitedly raised up to get a high degree of reality.

著者

大野 隆造 青木 宏文 山口 孝夫

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.558, pp.71-77, 2002-08-30 (Released:2017-02-04)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2 3

---

In a virtual weightless environment, pointing and modeling tasks were conducted to examine subjects'orientational skills. Subjects who wore a head-mounted display in a reclining chair moved from one end to the other end in several routes that were made by three or four modules that were connected by cubical modules, and pointed to the start point and made the experienced route by a scale model. Analyses of the results show the ability of spatial orientation varies with such variables as the number of bends, the number of embedding planes and the number of planes with respect to the body posture. Subjects who miss the tasks have a tendency not to take the change of the direction of their body axes into account.

著者

増田 亜樹 碓田 智子 谷 直樹

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.667, pp.1745-1751, 2011-09-30 (Released:2012-01-13)

---

The purpose of this paper is to consider the permanent exhibitions in public museums of history and explain the transition of their exhibitions. We selected 58 museums among public museums of history opened during the postwar period, and analyzed their original permanent exhibitions. The results are as follows. It was found that the permanent exhibitions were classified 7 types (field exhibition, general history exhibition. subject exhibition, and their combinations). Permanent exhibitions of history museums turned from field exhibition into general history exhibition in the latter half in 1970's. The subject exhibition appeared in 1980's and they have spread.

著者

田島 則行 出口 敦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.773, pp.1469-1479, 2020 (Released:2020-07-30)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

1

---

In the USA, central cities once became hollow and suburban sprawl expanded since 1960’s, and large decrease and decay had experienced during 70’s and 80’s. While housing and urban policies has developed, the system of community initiative organization or Community Development Corporation (CDC), was one by one structured and it had made great achievement after the latter half of 80’s. And now there are more than 4, 600 CDCs throughout the states. CDCs are grass roots organizations and within the declining aspect, which is any private investors or public institutes may withdraw, they can revitalize buildings or areas with its legal, tax, and financial advantages. South Bronx is the target in this research, which is situated in the south of Borough of the Bronx, NYC. There is no other city in the states that a city once extremely devastated and then dramatically regenerated. Within the worst adversity, residents rose up, governments, administrations, politicians, journalists, and bankers or specialists on finances were joined, and South Bronx became a social experimental site that produced many new and advanced systems and organization structures. In this research, it focuses on the organizing process of CDCs in South Bronx. It also aims to clarify the system how it can be effective in the declining phase. This researches were mainly done with the investigations on related documents and the field surveys at South Bronx. In the second chapter, the organizing process is arranged into five periods in reference to social background and the housing policy changes, and this organizing process are disclosed. The grassroots residential activities rather invented the local revitalizing process and these small ‘neighborhood’ activities had gradually become effective. In the third chapter, through interview surveys done with CDCs in South Bronx, the roles of organizations such as CDCs, supporting organizations and networks are described. Four types of organizations are listed and organized as follows: 1. Predecessor organizations of CDC, 2. Supporting organizations CDC’s development, 3. CDCs towed South Bronx regeneration and 4. Supporting organizations of CDC’s projects. The forth chapter works out CDC’s system and project scheme for affordable housings. As it was described in this research, the major characteristics of CDC’s advantage is that indirect and incentive ingenuities such as rental support of Section 8, tax credit of Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC), Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) and Red-lining prohibition. These become a system inviting private investment and giving the financial stabilities to CDC’s affordable housing schemes, and that can make urban revitalization possible even in the difficult and declining phase of cities.

著者

鈴木 明 山名 善之

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.759, pp.1271-1277, 2019 (Released:2019-05-30)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Le Corbusier’s Modulor is a theory of dimension and scale for architects. The Modulor replaced the dimensional standards, principles of Purism, and tracés régulateurs used in achieving the “machine aesthetic” advocated by Le Corbusier during the 1920s, and it brought harmony to both the interior and exterior of buildings such as the postwar Unité d’Habitation in Marseille, the Cabanon, and works of religious architecture. Why does the Modulor’s human figure raise its left arm? Despite the wide dissemination of this distinctive posture and physique, what role the human figure played in the Modulor research, and what it brings to the theory, remains unknown. The human figure in the Modulor is not merely a diagram or explanation of the theory, but also at the heart of the theory. In this paper, by tracing mutual adjustments between theory and bodily expression (part and posture) at each stage of the formation of the theory, we argue that there was a deliberate transition in graphic representation. Next, the freedom of behavior attained by the Modulor's “arm-raising body” in comparison with the “mechanical body” of modern aesthetics, mathematicians and architects, was a criticism of the efficiency of diagrammatic representations of the human body. The standards that motivated the Modulor research arose from the modern knowledge that supported mass production and allowed its distribution across languages and national boundaries. It is shared by Le Corbusier's advocacy of “machines for living” and his artistic movement Purism, as well as modern art in general, including the Bauhaus and other architectural movements. But under the “total warfare” policy of the Nazi regime in Germany, Neufert-based standards were adopted not only in ordinary mass housing, but also for maximum efficiency in the planning of concentration camps, and for forced labor by national prisoners of war. The expression of the body in the Modulor made diverse and free behavior possible through a relaxation of the whole body. The posture of raising the right arm indicates the height of the space unavailable for labor/production. Such a posture is irrelevant to functionalist thinking and efficiency-oriented human understanding. However, for architects it is an everyday attitude, a posture that confirms the height of the ceiling. With this posture the Modulor critiqued the mechanical body, including the Neufert body, and discovered a free space that cannot be grasped by spatial concepts and may be considered a meaningful space. The purpose of this paper is to use these issues to clarify the function and role of the human figure in the formation of the theory of the Modulor.

著者

大森 文彦 中島 直人

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.781, pp.869-879, 2021 (Released:2021-03-30)

参考文献数

86

被引用文献数

1

---

In Japan, during 1920's and 1930's, regional ports were modernized under the subsidy and the direction by the Ministry of Inner Affairs. Around the same time, City planning Act and City Building Act which are both established in 1919 were adopted to these regional port towns. This research focuses and clarifies how port modernization was positioned in the city planning of these port towns. In the standard of the city planning management published in 1927, it was indicated that port area was to be designated as"industrial zone". The following addresses findings on zonings, road planning and land readjustments by examining some actual city plan adopted in regional port towns. First, regarding zonings, most port areas were designated to industrial zone, but the others were applied to "commerce zone" or "none zoning" in accordance with the actual use of the area. The reasons why most port areas were zoned as industrial zone was because the local governments intended to industrialize port areas using this opportunity of the modernization directed and financed by the ministry of inner affairs. It can be said that, the port construction by the ministry affected the future land use plan of the located city’s city planning. Second, as for road planning, some of the planned roads in the city plan were planned to fit with the port modernization plan made by the ministry. Roads connecting the modernized port and the center of the port town or train stations were planned in most port towns and many of these roads were positioned as the widest main street in the town. Some of the road plans were organized or changed to fit with port modernization plan. Most statement of reasons in the city plan the stance of placing importance on marine-land transportation can be seen. Therefore, it can be said that the port modernization had some impact on the located town’s road planning. Third, land readjustments were planned in several port towns in 1940's. These land readjustment were intended to create huge waterfront industrial areas, under the policy of the decentralization of factories and arsenals for the war. Land readjustment was a feasible method to realize the waterfront industrial area designated by the city plan. City planning projects were executed from the budget of the local government which made it difficult to progress since most project needed high budget. On the other hand, port modernization was supported by the national subsidy which the ministry of inner affairs was able to decide its use for the modernization of regional ports. In conclusion, during 1920's and 1930's port construction affected the city planning of port towns significantly and these city plannings has some common features to deal the port in their plannings. Port modernization gave an opportunity to improve the city planning especially around the waterfront area.

著者

五百川 真里恵 篠野 志郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.523, pp.279-284, 1999-09-30 (Released:2017-02-03)

参考文献数

49

---

Generally, the Byzantine cities were considered to have been in poor condition for its public institutions if compared with the Roman. This paper, based on the Roman codex in the reign of Justinianos and some documents, deals with the charitable institutions, for the most part, founded within Constantinople in the sixth century. As the result, those institutions, which substantialized "pity" as a Christian idea, were treated well in point of property to endure and expanded its piety to the weaks inside the city as a new component of the city's system in Christian state. Those were also converted from personl houses and founded in the course of enlargement of churches.

著者

何 昕 花里 俊廣

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.687, pp.969-978, 2013-05-30 (Released:2013-06-10)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 3

---

Through the comparison between Chinese and Japanese condominium laws, this study clarifies characteristics of comparted ownership system and space management in modern China. The findings are as follows.1. The Chinese condominium law consists of simplified Real Right Law as the superior law, and some auxiliary laws. In China, land is granted for a fixed term, generally 70 years for residential use.2. In China, the division between exclusive space and common space are not clear. The method of calculating exclusive area is different from that of Japanese law, and difficult to do it.3. Although the Chinese housing management system based on Japanese Condominium Law, the whole business of management has been consigned to the property company, the role of strata council is forced to retreat as a management entity, and there are fewer rules of management bylaw but much more rules about repair reserve fund.

著者

田路 青浩

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.524, pp.319-325, 1999-10-30 (Released:2017-02-03)

参考文献数

7

---

Adomo criticizes Heidegger's thought of "rootedness" in The Jargon of Authenticity. The purpose of this paper is to define the concepts of "rootedness" and "urbanity" that are important to consider the design of 20th century architecture, by considering Adomo's criticism. According to Heidegger, "rootedness" is to ground variable "history" on constant "nature". But Adomo insists that both "nature" and "history" always change and Heidegger's "rootedness" isn't truth. He calls such changeability "urbanity". We may, therefore, conclude that "rootedness" and "hometown" are ideal to look for incessantly.

著者

金澤 雄記

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.682, pp.2833-2840, 2012-12-30 (Released:2013-05-29)

参考文献数

8

---

Open-Air Stages in Iida-Shimoina area had been built since late 18th century to the Showa 30s, especially 69 stages still exist. There are 11 rotation-stages, 1 stage for only puppet play, and the oldest existing rotation-stage is built in 1793. They have architectural features about a rotation-stage (Mawari-butai), a scenery window (Tomi), a instrument space (Dayuza), and so on. These stages had been used by kabuki, puppet, and local play till the Showa 30s. Some stages had been used for school buildings after Meiji era. After that, almost these have been repaired for local meeting spaces.

著者

藤井 由理 古谷 誠章 白石 哲雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.778, pp.2819-2827, 2020 (Released:2020-12-30)

---

This study explores similarities between spatial features of architectures designed by Charles-Edouard "Le Corbusier" Jeanneret (1887-1965) and his explorations in early Purism paintings. The study focuses on the fact that Le Corbusier had painted for his entire life. He also stated that his experiments while painting had a huge influence on his architectural works.  Through his Purism paintings, Le Corbusier wanted to stimulate viewers' senses and to elicit subjective responses in their minds. In order to do that, Le Corbusier attempted to suspend the viewer's understanding of the piece by permanently sending it back and forth between two opposite interpretations or between several alternatives. Those methods can also be seen in spatial characteristics of Chapelle de Ronchamp (see: Fujii, Furuya, & Shiraishi, 20193)). Jeanneret stated that "une œuvre d'art doit provoquer une sensation d'ordre mathématique" [art works should elicit a sensation of a mathematical order]. Similarly, he thought that generating the "sensation of a mathematical order" was an important part of his Purism paintings. Through the analysis of Jeanneret's writings and paintings, this paper clarifies which methods were employed to elicit the "sensation of mathematical order" in the viewers of Purism paintings. It is important to understand that this "mathematical order" is not something depicted in the painting itself, but rather a sensation felt by the viewers of Purism paintings  For Le Corbusier, the act of painting was about 'constructing' a greater whole by depicting specific elements in a particular way. First, he would select some commonly recognizable, yet in some ways universal, daily items. He called such items "themes-objects". Then, he tried to elicit the "sensation of a mathematical order" in the viewers by aggregating depictions of those themes-objects in his paintings. There were two types of aggregation. The first one was based on the idea of "les tracés régulateurs" [regulating lines]. The second one was based on positional adjacency achieved through aligning the outlines of several themes-objects. A coherent whole was created by the interplay between themes-objects on the canvas. This interplay is referred to as the "collective form" in this study.  In Purism paintings, achieving meaning through the composition of themes-objects was not important. Instead, the focus was purely on arranging themes-objects for the purpose of eliciting the “sensation of a mathematical order” in the viewer. In Purism paintings, stability and order are usually hard to perceive. "Collective forms" created by Le Corbusier are also relatively nebulous. Their deliberate ambiguity and lack of strong connections enables the viewer's perception of the painting's subject to be suspended between several interpretations in order to strongly stimulate their senses. Because of that, the viewer can start to subjectively perceive the interplay between themes-objects in the painting. Finally, the “sensation of a mathematical order” can emerge in the viewer.

著者

高 偉俊 杉山 寛克 尾島 俊雄

出版者

Architectural Institute of Japan

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.469, pp.53-64, 1995-03-30 (Released:2017-01-27)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

10 8

---

1. 概要 多くの都市における高密度な土地利用は路上の歩行者にとって不快な環境を作り出している。沿道に建てられた高い建物は冬には日射を遮断し、逆に夏の広い街路では、必要以上に日射を取得している。加えて、都市ではコンクリートやアスファルトヘの土地被覆の変化や人工排熱の増加により気温が高くなる。これらの都市の熱環境を改善するために様々な手法が用いられているが、街路樹を導入することが最も一般的に試みられている。特に冬の日射取得を妨げずに夏の日射遮蔽をもたらす街路樹の影響を街路の形態との関係を踏まえて把握することは歩行者の快適性を向上させるために重要である。そこで異なる季節において街路の形態と街路樹の有無による影響評価を行った結果、街路の形態が夏冬ともに大きな影響を及ぼしている一方で、街路樹は夏の熱環境緩和に効果的であることを示した。2. 実測方法 本研究では、街路の形態と街路樹が歩道上の熱環境にもたらす影響を夏と冬、24時間に渡って実測調査を行った。実測地点は図1に示す東京都新宿区の早稲田大学大久保キャンパス周辺の4地点。地点Aは南北街路で街路樹が約10m間隔にある。地点B、C、Eは東西街路上に位置し、地点Bは街路樹のない狭い街路、地点Cは緑化道路で両側の歩道沿いと道路中央に街路樹の樹冠が連続している。地点Dは道路の両側に街路樹の樹冠が連続している。実測地点Aは西側歩道、地点B、C、Dは北側歩道上に位置し、路面の素材はアスファルトであった。実測は1993年8月23日〜24日、1994年2月23日〜24日、各地点は共通して地上1.2mの高さにおいて移動計測によって気温、湿度、風速、歩道の表面温度、壁面温度をアスマン乾湿度計、熱線式風速計、赤外線放射温度計を用いて測定した。所要時間は24時間を通じて各々20〜25分であった。3. 実測結果 3-1. 冬の実測結果 図3に気温の日変化を示す。東西方向の広い街路にある地点Dが日中最も高く最高気温は12.5℃であった。一方で、狭い街路にある地点Bが一番低く、最高気温は10.5℃であった。しかしながら夜間は地点Bが地点Aを除いて高くなる傾向を示した。これは地点Bの天空率が低いことから夜間の放射冷却が抑えられているためと考えられる。また地点Cと地点Dの最高気温の差は天空率に起因している。図4では東西街路に位置する地点B、C、Dについて日射量を計算した。これより地点Dの日射量が最も多く、地点Bが最も少ない。つまり地点Bが他の地点と比べて気温が低くなるのは、取得する日射量が少ないからである。またほぼ同じ幅員の街路方位の異なる地点Aと地点Dを比較すると最高気温では地点Dの方が高いにもかかわらず、平均気温でみると地点Aの方が高い。これは日中を通じて南北街路の方が東西街路より日射を多く受けていることが日平均気温の上昇につながっていると思われる。図5は歩道の表面温度を示す。最高温度は地点Dで24℃、最低温度は地点Bで-1.5℃であった。日中は地点間の温度差が大きいが、夜間にはその差は縮小した。日中の最高温度は地点Cと地点Dでは13時付近でみられたが、地点Bとは1時間の時差があった。また地点Aでは直達日射を午前中にのみ受けていたために最高温度は12時付近でみられた。図6と図7には東西街路の壁面温度を示す。表面温度差は日中において顕著にみられ、直達日射をほとんど受けない南壁では温度差は小さく、天空率の最も高い地点Dが夜間において壁面温度が最も低くなった。しかしながら、北壁については地点BはH/W1.33で狭い街路であることから日射が遮断され最も低い壁面温度を示した。図8は湿度の日変化を示す。湿度は午後低くなり、夜間に上昇する傾向がみられたが、地点間の差は認められなかった。図9は風速の日変化を示す。地点Dのような広い街路では風速か弱くなるような傾向がみられた。一方では地点Bのような狭い街路では風速が強くなる傾向がみられた。3-2. 夏の実測結果 気温の日変化を図11に示す。夏には地点Bが日中を通じて気温が高く、地点Aと同様の変化を示す。これに対し、地点C、Dは平均気温で0.6-0.7℃、最高気温で1.7-2.0℃低くなり、街路樹の日射遮蔽により、気温を緩和する効果が認められる。図12は歩道上の表面温度の日変化を示す。街路樹によって覆われている地点Cは他の地点と比較して最高で約15℃低い。また、平均でみると街路樹がある地点の表面温度の方が街路樹のない地点と比較して約5℃低くなる。湿度の日変化を図13に示す。街路樹のある地点C、Dは街路樹のない地点Bと比較して僅かながら湿度が高くなる傾向がみられた。図14には風速の日変化を示す。冬と同様に地点Bは他の地点と比較して風速が最も強くなる傾向にあった。4. 考察 図15は気温と歩道の表面温度の関係を示す。夏と冬の結果は、街路空間の気温が歩道の表面温度と高い相関関係にある。気温と街路の形態との関係については冬のデータを用いて、地点Bと地点C、Dの間で検討した。その結果、図16に示すように日中は地点C、Dが地点Bに比べて気温が高くなるが、夜間にはむしろ地点C、Dが地点Bに比べて気温が低くなった。これは広い街路は日中では日射を多く取得するが、逆に夜間には狭い街路に比べて放射冷却しやすいことを示している。図17は街路樹の気温に対する影響を示す。地点C、Dは地点Bに比べて最高で1.7から2.0℃低く、街路樹は日射を遮蔽することにより、日中の熱環境を緩和する効果が明らかである。一方で夜間には地点Cは地点Bとほぼ同じもしくは僅かながら気温が高くなる。これは地点Cが低い天空率にも表れているように街路樹によって覆われ、夜間の放射冷却が抑えられていると考えられる。また地点Dは街路樹があるにもかかわらず、地点Bに比べて天空率が高いために気温が低く推移したとみられる。5. 結論 本研究は街路樹と歩道上の熱環境との関係を夏と冬の実測調査により次のような成果を得た。(1)街路形態の影響について冬の結果を解析すると街路の幅員が広いほど取得する日射量が多くなり、日中の気温が高くなる。(2)夜間の気温は主に天空率によって影響され、狭い街路ほど広い街路に比べて気温が僅かながら高くなる。(3)夏の結果からは街路樹により最高で気温が約2℃緩和されることがわかった。つまり、街路樹の量によって気温は低下し、街路樹か歩道の熱環境の緩和に非常に効果的であることが確かめられた。(4)気温は歩道の表面温度と高い相関関係にあり、歩道の表面温度が低くなると、気温も低くなる傾向にあった。一方で街路樹は歩道の表面温度に対して大きな影響を及ぼしている。つまり街路樹の緩和効果は主に歩道の表面温度の低下によって表れ、結果として気温の低下につながっているといえる。

著者

吉田 純一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.498, pp.189-193, 1997-08-30 (Released:2017-02-02)

参考文献数

19

---

、 、

著者

泉山 塁威 秋山 弘樹 小林 正美

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.710, pp.915-922, 2015 (Released:2015-05-12)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

23 23

---

The study aims to look at utilization and management of " privately owned public spaces " and figure out the reality of application system that we focus on the "bustle-generating activities that utilize the public space" and the "the SYAREMACHI ordinance of tokyo, community management organization registration system, Bustle generating activities that utilize the public space" of Tokyo ordinance, introduced advanced in 2003, and a storage of about 10 years. Results of the study, First it is to clarify the reality of application and an overview of the "the SYAREMACHI ordinance of Tokyo. Second, I showed the open space properties that By visualizing and aggregate the organizational operating structure and by number of days, by type of space and by application of the utilization of the open space. Third, it will help utilization and of the management of public space in the future.