著者

矢島 拓弥 後藤 春彦 山崎 義人 遊佐 敏彦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.670, pp.2387-2394, 2011-12-30 (Released:2012-03-02)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

3 1

---

The past improvements of bicycle roads had put central emphasis on linear components, such as running bicycle lanes parallel to roadways. However, the past research on this topic show the growing needs of further improvement of planar components, including other roads. This study defines“detour activities”as side-trips that provide wider range of routes within a plane, and by questionnaire targeting bicycle tourists, the followings have been clarified: 1) the actual behavior of bicycle tourism, 2) spatial characteristics that induce detour activities. Given the above, this paper discusses improvements of bicycle roads that will promote“detour activities”.

著者

向口 武志

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.534, pp.147-154, 2000-08-30 (Released:2017-02-03)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

1 1

---

This paper analyzes the "Master Plan of Open Space in Nagoya" which was aimed to establish a green belt in 1940, through its relationship with the geography and the city planning. The plan attempted to preserve the landscape of riversides and hills on the outskirts of Nagoya City and to create center cores on a network of recreation areas connected by hiking courses. Since all of the open spaces were covered with the "Master Plan of Scenic Zone in Nagoya" in 1942, they proved to be conceived as the scattered fragments of a green belt continuously surrounding Nagoya City.

著者

中野 茂夫

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.590, pp.221-228, 2005-04-30 (Released:2017-02-11)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The purpose of this study Is to consider the influence of heavy industries progress on a spatial transformation in a modern city. The case of this study is Hitachi, Ltd. and Hitachi city. Industrial foundation was essential for the sake of heavy industries development. At first, Kuhara mining company treated industrial foundation. However Hitachi, Ltd. treated that after it became indepandent of Kuhara mining company. Hitachi, Ltd. became a huge company during World War II. That company tidied up a loop road. It caused the spatial transformation of Hitachi City.

著者

加島 鈴乃 小野 尋子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.731, pp.115-122, 2017 (Released:2017-01-30)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Generally knows, Okinawa was extensively damaged from WW2. The air raid on Naha City 10th Oct. 1944 and ground battles destroyed Naha central area witheringly. After the war, there was few building to live. Okinawan people who came back from rural area and military draft needed to build their house. But at that time, GHQ and Ryukyu government had governed Okinawa until 1972. Okinawan local government could not use many of reconstruction projects and systems of Japan Central government. And worse more, not a small land of Okinawa including central area was grabbed up by USA military. So, some of people who could not return to their own residential lots had to move and rebuild their house another area, in most cases, next area or close area. The high densely Mawashi district has built-up in above way. Mawashi district located the next area of the traditional central area where had not returned until 1952 (ref., Fig. 2), and so, there was rapidly crowded by returning people. But before the war Mawashi district was just a farming village where were not enough social infrastructures with narrow roads and poor road structure. It should be improved or developed before urbanized, but at that time Okinawa belonged to USA, there were not some appropriate development systems and projects. This study aimed to identify the period of each districts build-up, and then analyze the relationship between each districts character with road patterns and each districts period. In view of the change of the Okinawan political system after WW II and built-up background, there are 4 aspects, as like 1)prewar traditional settlement, 2) forced settlement, 3)sprawl district without planning guideline, and 4) development permission district(ref., Fig. 7). The research methods are 4, research the historical document to identify the pre-war settlement district, tracing the road position specification of Naha city to distinguish roads and areaways, listed up the development dates from official development permission ledger after 1974 to define planning districts and sprawl area and field survey of each district to find the typical problems of the district. The problematic road networks are found 5 patterns in this area by the field survey. These are a) small crowded building district without jointing roads, b) small crowded building district jointing dead-end road of article 42 -2, Japan Building Act, c) small crowded building district jointing not well network roads of article 42 -2, Japan Building Act, d) small crowded building district jointing well-formed roads of article 42 -2, Japan Building Act, and e) development permission accepting district with not well network road to main roads(ref., Table 2). As results, these a)-e) patterns are mixed in each 1)-4) periods also, but 3) is the most serious condition in problematic road networks, decrepit buildings, and prevention of disaster. Considering the physical condition data of districts, 2) is assumed to have a singular aspect.

著者

山口 佳巳

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集

巻号頁・発行日

no.689, 2013-07

著者

安森 亮雄 坂本 一成 寺内 美紀子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.632, pp.2099-2105, 2008-10-30 (Released:2009-10-28)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

2

---

The aim of this paper is to clarify the forms of assembly of plural station squares in central Tokyo in terms of spatial compositions with surroundings. Initially, combinations of station squares around a station building are analyzed. Secondly, connections between those squares are analyzed through common elements such as passing streets and buildings which can be seen from several squares. Finally, 4 forms of assembly are clarified: unity of similar squares, one-sided integration of squares by building scale, connection of dissimilar squares with common railway tracks in canal bed, and indirect connection of squares with common distant high-rise building.

著者

原田 昌幸 久野 覚 阿部 慎一 田中 秀夫

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.484, pp.89-95, 1996-06-30 (Released:2017-02-02)

被引用文献数

4 3

---

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the residents' consciousness to new subway service and its effects on residential environment. One residential area in Nagoya, which had new subway service, was selected, and two sampling surveys were conducted on it before and after its construction. The findings were as follows: More than 60% residents wanted new subway service and evaluated that the effects were desirable. However the further from the station there were subjects' houses, the less they wanted the new subway service and the lower they evaluated the effects, the effects on residential environment seemed to be small, but the degree of dissatisfaction for two items concerning car, 'parking on the road' and 'lack of parking lot', diminished.

著者

大月 敏雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.522, pp.123-130, 1999-08-30 (Released:2017-02-03)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

4 6

---

This study forcuses on the transformation of dwelling units in Dojunkwai Daikan-yama Apartment House which was built by the Dojunkwai Foundation in 1927. The aim of this study is to find out changes in fanctions of dwelling units and the way of transformation of all dwelling units. Analisys was taken under 3 ponts of view, "change of people", "multi-unit use" and "change of space use". Findings are as follows; Low rise buildings have a tendency to afford long-term dwelling. Multi-unit dwelling can easily suit each dweller's life cycle. Changes of space use occur according to transformations of neighborhood circumstances.

著者

筬島 大悟 真鍋 沙由未

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

no.751, pp.1801-1808, 2018-09

---

&nbsp;Legal protection of tangible cultural property was established in Europe from the mid-19th century to the beginning of the 20^th century, and in Japan in 1897. Intangible cultural heritage on the other hand, received legal protection in Japan in 1950, making it the earliest establishment of formal legal protection for intangible cultural heritage in the world. Under international law, UNESCO established the Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention in 2003, approximately 50 years after the intangible heritage legislation was established in Japan. The Cultural Properties Protection Law was created under the occupation of GHQ, but it has not been proved why such extensive laws, including intangible cultural property, were developed in Japan under occupation.<br>&nbsp;Before WWII, the Imperial Household in Japan played an important role in the protection of intangible cultural properties, for example by granting subsidies to the arts under its patronage, and employing performers of classical arts and rituals. Therefore, in this paper, while focusing on the changes the Imperial Household went through following the end of the war, we analyzed the process of the intangible heritage protection system shifting from the patronage of the Imperial Household before WW II to the legal protection after WW II, following a decision made by the Diet.<br>&nbsp;First, we analyzed the discussion in the Diet concerning Gagaku, which was the responsibility of the Imperial Household before WW II, and therefore treated as public affairs. The problem of the future protection of Gagaku, due to the change in the political position of the Emperor of Japan and the dissolution of Kunaifu (Imperial Household Agency), was raised at two times during the Diet discussion. Although the Ministry of Education recognized the importance of the protection of classical arts, such as Gagaku, the proposed method of protection was not legal protection, but rather promotion or documentation.<br>&nbsp;Regarding intangible cultural heritage that was not treated as public affairs before WW II, the necessity of the protection Nohgaku was also discussed in the Diet. Since Nohgaku has influenced many classic Japanese arts, it was recognized as a &ldquo;dynamic national treasure&rdquo;, as opposed to tangible cultural properties which were recognized as &ldquo;static national treasures&rdquo;, for example architectural and art works. At that time, the idea of tangible and intangible cultural properties being equal, was born. Although the Ministry of Education confirmed the importance of Nohgaku, it only insisted on an individual subsidy system and documentation. After this, voices were raised for the protection of folk cultural heritage as well, such as festival events and local arts, which brought a new perspective on heritage protection, widening the view from classical arts to local arts. But in terms of protection, the Ministry of Education only proposed for the creation of local promotion councils.<br>&nbsp;The creation of the Cultural Property Protection Law was triggered by the fire of Horyu-ji temple kondo mural paintings. In the creation of this Law, legislators considered the protection of intangible cultural properties as being parallel with the protection of tangible cultural properties. The adopted protection methods included subsidies and the requirement to hold performances open to the public, but the designation system was not introduced until later. Therefore, it is necessary to proved the process leading to the introduction of the designation system of Living National Treasure in 1954 and intangible folk-cultural properties in 1974.

著者

周 宏俊

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.689, pp.1659-1666, 2013

被引用文献数

3

---

Cases of Borrowed Scenery Garden are collected, and space composition is analyzed, aiming at the explanation to the intrinsic idea. 32 typical gardens are gathered and the relationship between the initiative of Borrowed Scenery and the spatial character of garden's environment is emphasized. 10 gardens are selected which were planned back to the neighboring hillside, and the objective scenery is analyzed. It is concluded that, the initiative of Borrowed Scenery within gardens is planned in relation with the scale of the objective. Finally the intrinsic idea of &ldquo;Syo-cyu-kendai&rdquo;, viewing landscape in large scale through a small space, is summarized.

著者

石井 良次 八木澤 壯一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.618, pp.33-40, 2007-08-30 (Released:2017-02-25)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

2

---

This study aims to clarify the transformation of crematoria and cremators. Below are the findings. 1) The Cremation Society of Great Britain was founded in 1874 and it promoted the cremation movement. consequently, the cremation became common. The cremation rate has remained stagnant at the 70% level since the 1990's. Religious and ethnic cultures may cause this phenomenon. 2) While the basic structure of the cremation institution has not changed, the Chapel of Remembrance was added and the design of crematorium changed. Also, the Book of Remembrance was introduced. 3) The basic structure of cremators has not changed, but the improvement was found in regard to economy, combustion efficiency, and environmental preservation.

著者

鈴木 真歩

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.705, pp.2599-2606, 2014-11-30 (Released:2014-11-30)

参考文献数

24

---

This paper presents an overview of the development of a series of city-owned publicly-accessible garden squares in nineteenth-century Baltimore. I also examine the successful 1873 campaign to remove the iron railings that enclosed these locations, showing the campaigners introduced the new mode of urban green spaces by claiming moral superiority of absence of such railings. Thus I conclude that the iron railings here were not a reflection of governance, but a cultural existence. I also mention that the city's ownership rather made the discussion on the railings open, beyond the actual users and administrators, and promoted the city-wide change.

著者

海野 聡

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.692, pp.2207-2212, 2013

---

This study aims at the standards of storehouse and the roof structure in ancient Japan. The research method used in this article is detailed study on the research in the field and the reading of repair work reports.<br>Previous studies thought there is no difference in the architectural technology between storehouse and palace buildings. But storehouse remains show many particular technologies and standards. Ergo, it is important to entertain the architectural structure and technology of storehouse through the research of historical architecture.<br>Mainly, this research has three conclusions. 1. There are no standards in column spacing with respect to each. On the other hands, the standards exist in column spacing in sum total. 2. The roof structure of storehouse has ridge direction beam. 3. The technology of &ldquo;Furesumi&rdquo; is determinative, and it is related to bracket complexes.

著者

奥矢 恵 大場 修

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.746, pp.745-754, 2018 (Released:2018-04-30)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

2 2

---

From ancient times, mountains have been worshiped in Japan. Mt. Fuji is archetypal, and the stone huts that served its pilgrims can be regarded as the original form of current mountain huts. Nowadays, since Mt. Fuji is a World Cultural Heritage site, its huts are required to be historically based. Although some historical materials describe the stone huts that existed during the Edo era, the changes stone huts underwent during the era of great transition from worship-ascent to alpinism remain unclear. To investigate these changes, we examined historical materials, held interviews, and conducted field surveys on the Yoshida trail, from where great numbers of pilgrims who belonged to Fuji-ko societies made worship-ascent. At the start of the Meiji era, although Fuji-ko was reorganized after the separation of Shinto and Buddhism, stone hut owners, who had recorded the location and scale of each hut since the late Edo era, were still permitted to manage them under the Yamanashi prefectural governor. Since the middle of the Meiji era, railway lines to the foot of Mt. Fuji were gradually connected. By increasing the number of climbers, and even pilgrims, Yamanashi and Shizuoka Prefectures issued regulations for individuals living on the mountain to ensure the safety of climbers and improve sanitation. Chiyozaburo Takeda, the Yamanashi prefectural governor, then decided to repair the trail and renovate some facilities, especially at the eighth station, to make Mt. Fuji an international tourist site. In Meiji 40th (1907), one stone hut was renovated into a post office, a police box, and a first aid station, and the other two into lodgings. A model lodging designed by government engineers, the Fujisan Hotel, was then built. It had a completely different appearance from stone huts (structure, lighting and ventilating facilities, two berths, etc.). With cooperation between the government and some local citizens, the Fujisan Hotel was realized as modern architecture. Some oshi and locally influential people responded to Takeda by founding a stock company to manage the huts at the eighth station. The former had quickly changed their shukubo to ryokans, and the latter had built a fortune in business from the Edo era. As a model, Takeda had expected other stone huts to develop independently, but this did not go as planned. By the end of the Taisho era, the stone hut sites where trails met at the fifth, sixth, and the eighth stations were expanded. Although the size of these huts may also had changed, many seem to have retained their forms from the late Edo era. On the other hand, at the seventh station, where no trails met, only one-third of the stone huts expanded their sites, in particular, the one hut had changed the facade with no cinders stacked around the wall, i.e. more open. These changes were managed by the owners of the stock company. In addition, around the time of the Great Kanto Earthquake in Taisho 12th (1923), a mountain hut and a post office were built at the eighth station, and a king post was introduced by the owner of the Fujisan Hotel. Through the Taisho era, these changes were led by those concerned with the stock company at the eighth station. During the Edo era, oshi and their servants, hyakusho, owned and managed the stone huts. During the Meiji and Taisho eras, people had different positions and ideas compared with past owners; in other words, extrinsic motivation changed the old customs and opened the door to modernization. In this way, the equalities among the stone huts maintained by oshi and hyakusho during the Edo era might have been lost.

著者

奥矢 恵 大場 修

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.767, pp.131-140, 2020 (Released:2020-01-30)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

2

---

Mountains have been worshiped in Japan since ancient times. Similar to Mt. Fuji, Mt. Ontake has been a site of worship ascents since the Edo era. We previously examined the style of mountain huts on Mt. Fuji during the Edo era, and in the present study, we have expanded our scope to Mt. Ontake. We conducted field surveys on the Kurosawa and Otaki trails on Mt. Ontake and found a common architectural characteristic, the so-called “central path style” floor plan (or “Nakadori style”), in which the trail passes through the mountain huts. A previous study reported that this floor plan is similar to that of somagoya (loggers’ huts) in this area. Therefore, we examined historical materials and investigated the establishment and transformation of this “central path style” floor plan and the relationship between mountain huts for worship ascents and forestry. Many mountain maps drawn in the Edo or Meiji era have legends showing mountain huts on as opposed to beside trails, suggesting that the “central path style” floor plan might date back to the late Edo era. Mountain huts were first donated as guardian huts around holy places, places for religious training, and shelters against the harsh mountain environment. They were then expanded to serve as teahouses or lodgings. In addition, many of the mountain huts on the Otaki trail had the “central path style” floor plan since the Meiji era. Since the Edo era, residents of Kurosawa and especially Otaki village in Kiso valley earned their living by felling trees. The loggers’ huts in Kiso had a “central path style” floor plan and was called “Nakagoya”. Both trails had a mountain hut for worship ascents called “Nakagoya.” It seems that the “central path style” floor plan we discovered on field surveys was inherited from somagoya, based on the livelihood of the residents. On the other hand, we found another, lost architectural characteristic from old documents called the “double hut style” floor plan (or “Ryogoya style”). At Tanohara on the Otaki trail, two huts were found opposite each other on the trail from the Edo to the Meiji era. However, by the Taisho era, the space between the huts was covered and changed into an interior, i.e., the “central path style” floor plan. We found a similar religious building with a “double hut style” floor plan on the Yoshida trail on Mt. Fuji. Since the Edo era, both the Tanohara Ryogoya on Mt. Ontake and the haiden (front shrine) of Fuji Omuro Sengen Jinja on Mt. Fuji were used as komorido, where ascenders, especially women, would chant, practice abstinence, and sleep. Thus, it seems that the “double hut style” floor plan was universally established for mountain worship. Mt. Ontake is an object of worship for believers and provides a living for local villagers. The mountain huts that have supported worship ascents since the Edo era have architectural characteristics related to mountain worship and livelihoods. Both the “Ryogoya” and “Nakadori” styles have a strong connection with huts and trails, and this is a special characteristic of the mountain huts on Mt. Ontake. After the volcanic eruption of Mt. Ontake in 2014, some mountain huts on Kurosawa and Otaki trails were closed, demolished or reconstructed. We hope the results of our research help preserve traditions of the mountain huts on Mt. Ontake.

著者

梅干野 成央 土本 俊和 小森 裕介

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.659, pp.211-220, 2011-01-30 (Released:2011-03-07)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

4 4

---

This paper traces some links of the development process of mountain huts through the example of the mountain huts scattered along Weston's trail on Mt. Yari in the Japan Alps. By the analysis of the mountain huts and the land on which they were built, the development process of the mountain huts was classified into four types. And the mountain huts were built by using the sites and the huts of the occupants (i.e. woodsmen and huntsmen, etc.) and by taking advantage of their knowledge and expertise of both the sites and huts.

著者

モハンマド ウマール アジジ 安藤 徹哉

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.771, pp.1131-1139, 2020

被引用文献数

1

---

<p> Traditional houses in Kabul city were built using local materials such as sun-dried bricks, timber, and mud. However, with the progression of modernization, local materials have been replaced by industrial materials even in the Asheqan wa Arefan area, one of the oldest parts of Kabul. This study therefore firstly classifies all houses in the study area into traditional, mixed and modern, and examines how they are distributed in the area. Secondly, plan types of traditional houses are analyzed, and five types of courtyard houses and one type of house without courtyard are identified. A case study of three traditional courtyard houses has been conducted for a comprehensive investigation.</p>

著者

猪股 圭佑 岡崎 甚幸 柳沢 和彦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.670, pp.2477-2485, 2011-12-30 (Released:2012-03-02)

参考文献数

35

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The present paper aims to analyze the types of the mountains painted in the Christian paintings of the Chora Church, focusing on their relationships to persons, and clarify the significance of these types. In our analysis, we made explanatory drawings and pattern diagrams of each painting. Explanatory drawings were made to divide each painting into scenes. Pattern diagrams were made to find out the relationships among persons and mountains. Three types of mountains were identified: 1) Mountains Next to Persons, 2) Mountains Surrounding Persons, and 3) Mountains Next to Persons and Surrounding Other Persons. The significance of these types was also clarified.

著者

羅 羽哲 阿部 浩和

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.677, pp.1633-1642, 2012-07-30 (Released:2012-07-31)

参考文献数

20

---

There were many historical buildings and Urban Traditional Houses in the downtown of Daegu where had been established in the old castle district in 1737. Recently, more Urban Traditional Houses have been disappearing by the progress of urbanization and modern life style in Daegu. This paper will examine the current condition of the Urban Traditional Houses including converted one, and it will identify the habitants' perception for conservation or development of the houses and townscape in the old castle district of Daegu. The results are as follows. 1) The number of family member in 75% of the houses is three and below. And the age of 67% householder is sixty years old or more in this area. 2) Some remaining Korean houses in Jingorumok Area are split type of houses which were large Urban Traditional Houses constructed before 1920. 3) Regarding the rooms and equipments of Urban Traditional Houses, the level of satisfaction of almost inhabitants living there is very low. In contrast, regarding the townscape, the level of satisfaction of almost habitants living or working there is relatively high. 4) Many habitants living in the Urban Traditional House are adverse to the conservation of this area. However, Many shop owners using the Urban Traditional House are agree with the conservation of this area.

著者

小野 悠 尾﨑 信 片岡 由香 羽鳥 剛史 羽藤 英二

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.755, pp.167-177, 2019 (Released:2019-01-30)

参考文献数

10

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The Urban Design Centers (UDCs) in Japan are practical urban design platforms for public–private–academic collaboration with three characteristics: space planning by collaboration, initiatives of experts, and a hub facility open to all people. This paper explores possibilities and challenges for UDCs in built-up areas in major provincial cities, through the UDC Matsuyama (UDCM) case-study. UDCM was established in 2014 to revitalize Matsuyama City center. Interviews of people involved in UDCM, literature surveys, and participant observations were performed. Investigations showed the following achievements and problems of UDCM. (1) Space planning by collaboration ·The double-tiered systems - a governing organization as a collaboration hub and an executing organization - enables experts to engage and collaborate in various field activities. Money management by the university counteracts the funders' influence. ·To create an appealing urban space, UDCM participates in urban renewal projects in a variety of ways. Shortly after its establishment, UDCM participated in the conventional project planning process, using connections with local government. Once UDCM's performance became known, private enterprises and local organizations directly contacted UDCM for consultation and project support. (2) Initiatives of experts ·It was necessary for UDCM to formulate a vision for the city to share with many stakeholders and to position its role. However, during start-up, UDCM relinquished this formulating vision for two reasons: it was difficult for a new vision to be consistent with existing plans if positioned within the planning framework of local government; and, if positioned as UDCM's own, it risked being unsupported because UDCM initially had no performance record. Following better understanding of UDCM's role and effect, discussions restarted in the third year toward producing a vision for the city. ·UDCM achieves a balance between specialized and local knowledge, and between practical and research power, using experts in many fields including academics with specialized knowledge and skills, retired local government employees with broad human resources and local knowledge, and private experts with rich field experience. ·Human resource development is critical in provincial cities experiencing a continuing drain of young people to large cities. UDCM enhances the community's power through a variety of programs. (3) Hub facility open to all ·Establishing rules for use and operation of the facility through lively and engaging discussions with residents, within the pilot program framsework, enabled organized operation of the facility in the city center where many stakeholders are present. ·The hub facility is used in different ways according to citizens' needs: a place to rest for people with little interest in urban design; and, for people with an active interest, to provide relevant information for beginners and to hold events and participate in human resource development. The UDCM case-study demonstrated three important points in adopting UDCs in built-up areas in major provincial cities, which have complex relationship among numerous stakeholders. ·Produce a visible result by flexibly participating in public and private urban renewal projects in a variety of ways under the organizational structure by public–private–academic collaboration. ·Formulate a vision for the city to share with many stakeholders, and move into action to realize it, in cooperation with citizens and experts in many fields inside and outside the city. ·Establish rules for use and operation of the hub facility through discussions with neighbors.