著者

安野 彰 篠野 志郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.506, pp.161-167, 1998-04-30 (Released:2017-02-02)

参考文献数

87

被引用文献数

1 1

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In 1926, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Board enacted the regulations called Yuenchi-Torishimarikisoku. They were issued for the amusement parks around Tokyo. In the regulations, the police board thought that an amusement park might develop to a facility for sexual pleasure. As a background of this regulations, in the academic magazine of garden design, some informed people wrote articles, in which they maintained that early amusement parks were not founded in sound places and shuold be changed into places for the public benefits. In fact, many amusement parks before the regulations were located near the licensed quarters. This paper clarifies such a social situation concerned with the issue of regulations.

著者

田中 和幸 羽生 修二

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.640, pp.1481-1490, 2009-06-30 (Released:2010-01-18)

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Before World War II, finish materials used on exterior walls in Japan included tile, terracotta, mortar, steel and paint. Though many of these buildings have been designated as cultural properties, approximately 60% of these original finish materials have been remained. The author notes that there are four types of procedures which are followed: repair, restoration, resemblance and alteration. Although many buildings retain original materials in their exterior walls, resemblance and alteration in replacement materials, such as paints, are being used which were unavailable when they were first built. This presents two conservation-restoration dilemmas. First, the original exterior wall materials are being lost, and second, the overall value of the buildings decreases. This paper, drawing on conservation - restoration research, will make recommendations for the replacement of finishing materials on the exterior walls of pre-war reinforced concrete - construction buildings. The paper concludes that care should be taken when retain original materials whenever possible, and / or when choosing replacement materials.

著者

北川 貴巳 黒瀬 武史 窪田 亜矢 西村 幸夫

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.709, pp.677-687, 2015-03-30 (Released:2015-03-30)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

2

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This study clarifies the transition of subway stations and exits by literature survey and defines the PVA: Physical and Visual Accessibility. Then through the cluster analysis using the data based on field survey, it evaluates PVA of exits placed with urban development projects. The results show that station space and PVA become altered along with various restrictions of station construction. In terms of exits placed with urban development projects, these have various types and these PVA are unstable because government evaluates not exit's quality like PVA but existence.

著者

山田 悟史 藤井 健史 宗本 晋作

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.727, pp.2083-2093, 2016 (Released:2016-09-30)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

5 7

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In recent years, there have been a number of social initiatives related to improving the environment in city landscapes. Green space is becoming a tool to enhance the comfort of city space. "The Basic Plan for Green of Kyoto City" is one such example, where the ratio of visible green space is being used as a tool to improve the city environment. Many studies are being carried out to support this initiative and this study is one of them. The purpose of this study was to: 1) present a method to measure the location/angle specific ratio of green spaces in the omnidirectional visibility rate using a three-dimensional model of the target location, 2) create a perception deduction model based on Self-organizing Maps and 72 variables of visible green space in omnidirectional visibility rate, and 3) statistical verification of the accuracy of the perception deduction model. There are 72 categories of green space in the omnidirectional visibility rate. These categories are based on the location- and angle specific ratio of these spaces. Six of these categories were used for the location specific measurement, namely, "tall trees", "medium trees", "shrubs", " implantable ", "ground cover", and "others". Twelve angle specific measurements for every fifteen degrees were used and eight perception estimation parameters were selected. The perception estimation parameters included: “many or less", "satisfied or not satisfied", "pleasant", "serene", "covered (wrapped)", "close by or far", " surrounded by", "refreshing” and “widely spread". In this paper, we present results from the "ratio of visible green space in the omnidirectional visibility rate map”, the “self-organizing map" and the "perception estimation value map”. During the verification of the perception estimation model (the primary objective of this study), we compared the estimated perception values with the survey based observed values associated with a location of green space that was not included in the model creation. When we compared them statistically, we confirmed a significant correlation (n=32, p<0.05) between the estimated values and observed values (Pearson's correlation). We noted that the strength of the correlation was moderate but significant (correlation coefficient values around 0.6), with when we used the lower significance level (p<0.001). Taking into account effect size from psychological statistics, the average difference between the estimated and observed values of perception can be considered small for the parameters "many or less" "satisfied or not satisfied", "pleasant", "serene", "covered (wrapped)", "close by or far" and" surrounded by". However, the average difference was moderate for “Refreshing” and “Widely spread” and a significant difference between observed and estimated perception values was noted for these parameters in a paired t-test. Consequently, this perception deduction model is able to predict low and high values of “Refreshing” and “Widely spread", however, we need to be aware of the one degree difference, which happens to be the width of the confidence interval and may affect the estimated values.

著者

宮﨑 涼子 徐 東帝 西垣 安比古 水野 直樹

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.707, pp.193-201, 2015

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The focus of this paper is the Keijō toshi kōsōzu (Illustrated Plan for Keijō City), which includes drawings of planned Government-General facilities within Gyeongbokgung Palace. These illustrations offer rich clues about the Government-General's plans to renovate Gyeongbokgung during the period of Japanese colonial rule over Korea. This paper will highlight aspects of the Keijō toshi kōsōzu that show the due consideration had not been given, and suggest that the designs reflect the ideas of their creator.

著者

村田 敬一 初田 亨

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.531, pp.259-264, 2000-05-30 (Released:2017-02-03)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

3 4

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This research studies the changes of the hot spring inn through the architecture of Shima hot spring Sekizenkan of Gunma Pref. As a result, the following became with obvious. (1)Honkan is the hot spring inn of the Gunma Pref. most ancient times where the construction period traces back until 1800. (2)Besides the era comes down^the architecture of Sekizenkan changed with yugoya → yuyado → ryokan. (3)A hot spring inn is reacting with the movement of the society and.be changing with the era.

著者

平山 洋介

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.760, pp.1433-1442, 2019 (Released:2019-06-30)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

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This paper explores the role played by housing inheritance in stratifying people’s housing situations. In Japan, as in many other mature home-owning societies, the distribution of existing housing wealth over generations within families progressively acts as a novel mechanism in widening inequalities. The aging of the population leads to an inevitable increase in property inheritance, resulting in the differentiation of housing and asset conditions among offspring generations. Many inheritors on lower incomes live in inherited housing, while those on higher incomes tend to rent out inherited properties. Meanwhile, a number of residential properties that are located in rural areas and that are inherited by urban households remain vacant with almost no marketability. The paper stresses the importance of housing inheritance as a new key driver for reshaping the contour and structure of housing stratification. In Japan, the second-hand housing market has remained underdeveloped, reflecting the construction-oriented housing policy system. Therefore, the market is not expected to play a significant role in the redistribution of existing housing. Meanwhile, families have been positioned as one of the keystones of Japan's housing approach. Consequently, the family system, rather than the housing market, plays a particularly definitive role in structuring mechanisms for redistributing housing wealth. In this context, increasing inheritance will become more important in determining housing circumstances surrounding offspring generations. Thus, Japan's ultra-aged and property-based society will likely undergo increasing disparities between affluently propertied families that further accumulate housing assets over generations, modest families that have a tendency towards the dissipation of their housing assets accumulated in the past, and perpetually renting families that are increasingly being excluded from mainstream society. This suggests limitations imposed on the family-oriented system of distributing housing wealth in terms of expanding inequalities.

著者

小柏 典華

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.773, pp.1547-1555, 2020

被引用文献数

1

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<p> This study seeks to examine, through the analysis of historical materials, the reconstruction process of the SHIGA-IN temple built during the Meiji period, after being burned down in 1877. This study used historical materials from the Eizanbunko Library.</p><p> </p><p> The paper is organized as follows:</p><p> 1. "A restoration figure" that sheds light on the precincts' composition in the Meiji-period, modern era.</p><p> 2. It was followed by the temple's functions and precincts' composition in Edo-period, early modern era.</p><p> 3. According to the outline of the reconstruction process, "Nikai-syoin" was relocated from SEIKAN-IN temple, "Oku-noma" from GOKURAKUBO temple, "Omote-noma" from HOUMAN-IN temple, "Daidokoro" from KEISOKU-IN temple, and "Butsuden" from ZIGENDO temple.</p><p> 4. All of the historical buildings are arranged skillfully, especially considering the fact that the difference of altitude in the precincts is marked by "Ishigaki, " that is, stone high wall. The others include change of direction and three-dimensional arrangement of the historical buildings in a small precinct.</p><p> 5. The historical buildings in the Meiji-period still exist.</p><p> 6. A new function for the utilization of the minimum remodeling process was added.</p>

著者

小野 邦彦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.551, pp.297-304, 2002-01-30 (Released:2017-02-04)

参考文献数

42

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Historical documents on the East Javanese period and beyond reveal the idea of a group of Hinduistic cosmic deities guarding particular astral quarters. These concepts of "directional deities" are embodied in the Sivaistic candis of the Central and East Javanese periods and houseyards in Bali. The genesis of the Hinduistic world guardians of ancient Java is now considered as follows: two different forms of the God Siva, guarding the East and the West, were added to the group of three deities that comprised Siva (center), Visnu (North), and Brahma (South). The resulting group of five deities was then further developed into a group of nine when four other forms of Siva, each of them in charge of one intermediate direction, were added. The group of nine deities thus represented the guardians of the center and the eight directions; later, this concept developed into the Balinese nawa-sanga svstem.

著者

片野 博

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.486, pp.89-98, 1996-08-30 (Released:2017-02-02)

参考文献数

8

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In this paper, the author defined the actual conditions on architectural standards which involves the popularization of building construction. The architectural standards consisted of three national standards, which were Japanese Engineering Standards (JES), it's war time temporary version and Japanese Standards. The results of research are as follows; the number of architectural standards was less than elctricity, machinary, steel and chemical division. The conditon of the dicided architectural standarads on each year was relatively flat comparing with another, although the start was early. It is characteristic that architectural standards had the field of design and performance in the period of the temporary version of JES.

著者

花里 俊廣

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.672, pp.247-256, 2012-02-29 (Released:2012-03-07)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper illustrates the status of the ownership and the occupancy by foreigners at the summer retreat areas in pre-war period Karuizawa. The study endeavours to investigate House Directory, Karuizawa Summer Residents' Association Handbook 1930. About eighty percent of the foreign poeple who have owned and occupied villas in Karuizawa are the missions and delegates to the annual meeting of the Federation of Christian Missions, which had been held from 1894. This intensity of missionaries also atracted secular foreigners and the upper class Japanese. Most of the foreigners have lived aggregatedly in the original residential area such as Atago, Sakuranosawa and Kamanosawa which have been developed until the end of Meiji Era, although the vast areas around them had been developped by the Japanese people lately. We find that the foreigners' dominant inter-personal environment is characteristic of the core area.

著者

伊藤 俊介

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.549, pp.145-152, 2001-11-30 (Released:2017-02-04)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

2 6

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Activities and space-use in today's Danish folkeskoler are reported following a brief review of the history of architectural planning offolkeskoler. On-site observations of learning situations in classrooms and common room locals were conducted in four schools of different plan types. Analyses of space use patterns, studying combinations between contents of activities and spatial settings, showed that there was much individual or group differentiated work which mostly took place in normal class teaching settings in contrast with Japanese open-schools where often any type of individual or group work takes place in non-classroom settings. The patterns suggest that space was used according to practical needs of the task in the Danish cases rather than the size of instructional groups as is often the case in Japanese schools. The paper is concluded by a discussion on spatiality, cultural patterns in relations with space, as a factor for the difference in space-use.

著者

矢部 恒彦 北原 理雄 徳山 郁芳

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.472, pp.111-122, 1995-06-30 (Released:2017-01-27)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2 5

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Every Japanese elementary school has an original school song, and its words have typical forms that show us the educational idea and the local landscape. The aim of this study is to pick out local landscape images ,of the elements ,from the words. As the first step, we sampled the nouns (noun phrases) which concretely shows things as landscape elements from school songs in 98 cities. Next we divided them into 12 categories, and we calculated appearance rates of the categories. Using the appearance rates, we classified 98 cities into 10 groups. Next we picked up typical city of each group, and drew its image map. As a result ,we made it clear that each image map present local landscape clearly.

著者

成 浩源 川井 操 J. R. ヒメネス・ベルデホ 布野 修司 広田 直行

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.773, pp.1397-1405, 2020 (Released:2020-07-30)

参考文献数

24

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In this research, authors will clarify the transformation process and the present condition of the historical block of Beijing Outer Castle as a series of researches on urban fabric. The objective of this article is to evaluate living environment of Xuanxibei district, focusing on the space formation of da-za-yuan based on field studies. Xuanxibei district is designated for ‘Cordination Area of Historic Landscape’, but also for ‘Peng-hu-qu, Area’ to be improved. The district still maintains the traditional house type called si-he-yuan, but most of them is occupied by several families. The major points which this article clarifies are the following. 1. There are many historical cultural heritages in Beijing Outer Castle where five “Historical Cultural Reserve Areas” and three “Historical Appearance Cooperative Areas” are designated. On the other hand, most of large-scale traditional courtyard house sìhéyuàn were occupided by many families and “Peng-hu-qu” which is consisted of many ‘peng-hu-fang’(small dwelling unit) was formed. Targeted study area Xuanxibei is a district designated both as a “Historical Cultural Reserve Areas” and a “Peng-hu-qu”’, and is a district that requires immediate living environment improvement. 2. In Xuanxibei district, the street network is not as neat as the inner castle at the stage of Qianlong Jingcheng Quantu(1750)and there are many vacant lands. Since the end of the 18th century, halls and the sìhéyuàn were gradually built, forming a curved street network. As of 1955, the entire district was almost completely built, and the same street network as the present was established. The street is divided into 3 levels. a street where stalls and stalls selling vegetables and fruits come and go, a street for residents to pass through, and a street leading to each dwelling house. 3. As shown in Fig. 5. The whole area is densely populated, and many of the daily activities like the public trash cans, public toilets and private storage etc. are carried out in the streets and community facilities. It is necessary to consider improvement of the living environment besides clearance type redevelopment. 4. Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China, many people flow into Xuanxibei district. As of 1955, the form of sìhéyuàn was maintained, but it gradually became a "large miscellaneous house" in which several families coexist. "Peng-hu-fang" has been rapidly increasing since the early 1960s. When moving in, it is a one-room residence or two-room residence, and then a kitchen, bathroom, warehouse, etc. are added between the courtyard and the adjacent house. 5. The district government and developers are promoting a redevelopment project, but have not progressed as planned. The forced evictions of the residents and the demolition of their homes were the main causes of the people's backlash. In addition, the number of 2287 units requested to move make it difficult to form a consensus.  It would be unrealistic to inflate all the residents and redevelop the entire district, as it would be costly to compensate. Due to the building restrictions, the volume can not be increased, and there is little benefit for developers. In order to revitalize the district, a new method of improving the living environment at the on-site may be necessary. Further investigation is needed as to what will happen to Xuanxibei district.

著者

丸山 奈巳

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.772, pp.1275-1285, 2020 (Released:2020-06-30)

参考文献数

2

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The Sarugaku, similar to the Noh performance, was popular among the ordinary people. As a result of personal love of the Third Shogun Yoshimitsu Ashikaga, gained the position of the entertainment to the nobility. From the age of six Shogun Yoshinori Ashikaga, the Noh stage was become to build temporarily in the Government Office and the Daimyo's mansions to entertain the important guests for the political uses. At last the Noh stage was permanently established as one of the architectural elements constituting the Edo Castle Honmaru Great Hall where the most important ritual of the Edo shogunate would be held. This paper is trying to elucidate the reason why the Noh stage was built in the ceremonial space of the government agency and the circumstances leading up to its formation. This paper sturdy about the 6th Shogun Yoshinori Ashikaga period. Yoshinori Ashikaga was chosen as the 6th Muromachi Shogun when he was 36 years old who loved the Kanze's Sarugaku. Immediately Yoshinori moved to Sanjobomon-dono, built a Noh stage in the southern courtyard in front of the Shinden. He held Sarugaku performances intended to make opportunities to gather political dignities, and to confirm the feudal relationships with the guests. Yoshinori not only loved Sarugaku, used the event of Sarugaku politically. And he used the Noh for one of the public events of Shogunate with Kanze as the Sarugaku-Tayu. In 1431, Yoshinori moved to Muromachi-dono, and until 1441 he held the Sarugaku for various reasons as follows. New Year's comfort for Mrs. as Annual events of the shogunate Entertainment for a special guest of the Shogunate An event to make opportunities to gather political dignities Comfort to vassal Kanjin-Sarugaku A victory celebration Entertainment for Shogun in the Residences of Daimyo. Entertainment for Shogun by the temples Entertainment in the Ex-Emperor palace. For these needs, Kanze had been employed to perform for such events. And the government had become to held the Sarugaku for official use. The Noh stage had get place in the courtyard of Government agency, Imperial Palace, The Temples and the Residences of Daimyo. And the architectural style of Noh stage had been formed and the manners to enforce the events gradually. But the style of Noh stage was still temporary construction.

著者

小野 芳朗 興津 洋佑

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.667, pp.1735-1743, 2011-09-30 (Released:2012-01-13)

参考文献数

17

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The relationships between planning and performance of road construction in Okayama city are discussed from a viewpoint of the leading systems of city planning. In City Planning with the Act in 1919, the Local Committee of City Planning had the right of permission of the planning. However, the planners of the road construction were the technocrats belonging to the Okayama City Bureau and Okayama Prefecture. And the fundamental issues were decided in the City Assembly without National subsidy. Roads around the city area were constructed independently with the City Planning. The purpose of the City Planning in Okayama city that become “Industrial City” was not performed conclusively.

著者

上山 肇 若山 治憲 北原 理雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.462, pp.127-135, 1994-08-30 (Released:2017-09-20)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

2

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This is a study about the utilization actual condition and estimation of Shinsui Parks in the 23 wards of Tokyo, we want to know the influences that Shinsui Parks exercise around it. We examined about the present state of the Shinsui Parks in the 23 wards. In the parks, we chose five parks (KOMATSUGAWA-SAKAIGAWA,HURUKAWA,SHIN-AGASHIMAGAWA,YOKOJUKKENGAWA,OTONASHI). And we examined how many people used the parks in a day during in summar and how they used it. The findings are following: 1.Well used Shinsui Parks are those which provide their users the direct access to the water. 2.Shinsui Parks with water accsess are frequently used by families,but Shinsui Parks without water access are mostly used by passers. 3.Many people stay at home in ample spaces along Shinsui Parks. 4.Shinsui Parks with convenient transportation access have large utility areas.

著者

中村 優花 岡崎 甚幸

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

no.754, pp.2441-2451, 2018-12

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&nbsp;This study is to analyze the types of spatial composition within Buddhist shrines. The focus was on the spatial composition, the plan forms and the arrangement of worship objects (stupas and Buddhist statues). This research is based on 55 documented Buddhist temples in Central Asia. The shrine architectures have been divided into 4 types based on spatial compositions. The meanings of spatial composition also have been discussed by conjecturing how worship acts were performed in shrine architectures. For the purpose of this study, Central Asia is defined as: northern Pakistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Xinjiang Uyghur (Fig. 1).<br>&nbsp;The plan forms were divided into the following types: single chamber, two-celled chamber which has main chamber and ante-chamber (having wing walls and without wing walls type), and the corridor type (a main chamber enclosed by a single wall/ two-celled chamber enclosed by a single wall) (Fig. 2). According to the classification of plan forms, the arrangement of worship objects was classified as I, II, III, and IV. The spatial compositions were analyzed based on the schemas. The shrine architectures have been divided into 4 types as the follows (Fig. 3):<br>&nbsp;I. Worshippers face worship object inside or outside the chamber: Worshippers do not enter inside, and face to the worship object directly; Worshippers enter inside directly without wing walls, judging from its large scale; Worshippers enter inside through wing walls, judging from its large scale and the spatial composition.<br>&nbsp;II. Shrine with axiality: the worship object is located at the further end of the shrine (in some cases, center of the shrine). There is the symbolic direction to the worship object. Worshippers face the worship object.<br>&nbsp;III. Shrine with circumambulatory: the worship object is housed in the center of the main chamber. Accordingly, pradak?i?a (Buddhist devotional practice) is performed.<br>&nbsp;IV. Shrine with centrality: the worship objects are placed on three sides or four sides of the main chamber. The plan forms of shrines are centralized plan such as a square and a cruciform.<br>&nbsp;Axiality is a common characteristic in many shrine architectures. Axiality is necessarily component in the case of the two-celled chamber type shrines. In addition, it became clear that there is the shrine architecture includes some characteristics of spatial composition: axiality + circumambulatory, and axiality + circumambulatory + centrality.<br>&nbsp;Over a long period of time, circumambulatory design was adopted for wide areas because it indicated the circumambulation ritual from left to right of the worship object. On the other hand, there were few examples of shrine architectures with centrality. It has been conjectured that centrality was a determinate factor judging from the aspect of geographical distribution. Based on the analysis, the meaning of the spatial compositions was considered. The conclusions are as follows:<br>&nbsp;- Shrines with axiality means that the Buddhist world continues forward.<br>&nbsp;- Shrines with circumambulatory were held for service of the cosmological Buddha.<br>&nbsp;- Shrines with centrality had worshippers enclosed by the Buddhist world.<br>&nbsp;It could be considered that &ldquo;circumambulatory&rdquo; and &ldquo;centrality&rdquo; is contrasting characteristics of spatial composition and suggests a change of meaning in the shrine architecture.

著者

加藤 耕一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.611, pp.203-209, 2007-01-30 (Released:2017-02-25)

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Designing the Bibliotheque Sainte-Genevieve (BSG), H. Labrouste was inspired by the 13th century gothic architecture which was then renovated into the library of Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers (CNAM). This paper reveals that the unique slender cast-iron columns of the BSG were influenced by the gothic columns of the CNAM. Right after the BSG, L.-A. Boileau also built the iron church copying the columns of the same gothic architecture. Therefore, it could be concluded that there was an influence of the gothic architecture on the birth of the "architecture" in iron, especially on its cast-iron columns.

著者

石原 健司 小松 幸夫

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

no.769, pp.679-688, 2020-03

被引用文献数

1

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<p> In this study, we analyzed the transition of building stock in the Tokyo wards and visualized the results. The data we used are the GIS databases created by Tokyo Metropolis, which correspond to six time points every five years from 1991 to 2016, and the analysis proceeded as follows.</p><p> 1) Data screening: In order to analyze the GIS data across the years, data screening is needed. We unified the definitions of attribute data and excluded data with missing values and outliers. In addition, since it was confirmed that some divided polygons were contained in the data, then we combined them into the ordinary forms.</p><p> 2) Basic statistics: During the 25 years, the gross floor area has increased by 60% against the 8% increase in the number of buildings, and the average size of the buildings has increased by 48%. However, as for the median, the increase is only 14%. The other quantiles did not change significantly compared to the average value. This may be resulted from the hugeness of some new buildings and indicates that the unevenness of building scale distribution in urban has increased year by year. Also, looking at this from the view of use, the commercial buildings have a strong trend to be large scale, as well as the offices and the apartment houses, while the average gross floor area of detached houses is almost constant. Also, the distribution of gross floor area of detached houses is found out to be converging on around 138 square meters (that is calculated from polygon data and is different from the exact floor area). The changing trends of building size were different depending on the building use.</p><p> 3) Comprehension of building state changes: In order to comprehend the change of the state of a building, the GIS data of 2010 and 2016 were spatially overlapped and the identification of buildings were implemented, then we extracted the buildings seemed to be not same as before. As the result of overlapping, the change patterns of building state were classified into six types, as "Rebuilding", "New Construction", "Demolition", "Integration", "Division", and "Other". Comparing the change of building size by patterns, there was a remarkable trend of enlargement in "Integration" and miniaturization in "Division". "Integration" shows higher proportion than other patterns in the commercial buildings, the offices and the apartment houses. On the other hand, most of the "Division" was occurred in the detached houses. It is considered that these results are related to the transition of the total floor area of each building use.</p><p> Looking at the geographical distribution density of building change patterns using kernel density estimation, the "Demolition" and the "Integration" had high density mainly in the downtown area, and the "Division" was distributed mainly in the residential area. In addition, the "New Construction" occurred at the outer edge. The huge buildings are thought to appear caused by the "Demolition" and the "Integration" around the center area of the city. In addition, it is also suggested that the living environments are changing as "Divisions" are actively carried out in old residence towns.</p>