著者

羽鳥 徳太郎

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.3, pp.543-557, 1980-03-31

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Adding tsunami data reported by the U.S.S.R. sources, tsunami magnitude and the source area of the tsunamis generated in the Hokkaido and Kurile regions during the period from 1893 to 1978 are re-examined. The source dimension and magnitude of the tsunamis generated in the Hokkaido region correspords well with the earthquake magnitude. However, the tsunamis in the Kurile region have varied behaviors. The two Kurile tsunamis of Oct. 20, 1963 and June 10, 1975 were especially abnormal in comparison with other tsunamis accompanied by similar earthquake magnitude. In most cases, the initial motion of the tsunamis was observed with upward direction, but the Kurile tsunamis of Aug. 11, 1969 and June 10, 1975 began with a conspicuous downward motion at the Hokkaido and Kurile tide stations. The source areas of the tsunamis that accompanied large earthquakes (M>8) line up along the continental slope near the Kurile trench and the 1973 Nemuro-oki tsunami was generated in the seismic gap between the 1952 Tokachi-oki and the 1969 Shikotan earthquakes. However, the source area of the 1973 tsunami occupies only the eastern half of the 1894 tsunami source. After the 1973 Nemuro-oki tsunami, the tsunami activity moves to the northeastern direction along the Kurile trench. These source areas fall in the southern part of the source areas of the 1958 Iturup and the 1969 Shikotan tsunamis. In the space-time diagram of the earthquakes having a magnitude of M≧7, remarkable gaps can be seen in the west side of the 1973 tsunami source and off Urup Island. It is possible that a future tsunami of magnitude m~2 may be generated, accompanying the release of seismic energy in the two regions.

著者

都司 嘉宣 佐竹 健治 石辺 岳男 楠本 聡 原田 智也 西山 昭仁 金 幸隆 上野 俊洋 室谷 智子 大木 聖子 杉本 めぐみ 泊 次郎 Heidarzadeh Mohammad 綿田 辰吾 今井 健太郎 Choi Byung Ho Yoon Sung Bum Bae Jae Seok Kim Kyeong Ok Kim Hyun Woo

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.3-4, pp.29-279, 2012-03-16

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We report the results of field surveys conducted by the Earthquake Research Institute, to measure tsunami heights from the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku, Japan Earthquake (M 9.0), on March 11. Measurements were taken at 296 points on the Sanriku coasts of Aomori, Iwate, and Miyagi Prefectures, and the Pacific coasts of Ibaraki and Chiba Prefectures. The data are included in the results of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami Joint Survey Group. We did not cover the Sendai plain in the southern Miyagi Prefecture because other parties extensively measure there, nor Fukushima Prefecture because of the accident of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant. The twelve surveys first sought traces indicating tsunami runup or inundation heights. Reliability was classified into A (most reliable based on clear physical evidence and eyewitness accounts), B (mostly based on natural traces), and C (least reliable based on equivocal evidence). Most physical evidence obtained after June was not significant; therefore, reliance was mostly placed on eyewitness accounts. Locations and relative heights above sea level were measured using handheld GPS receivers, auto-level, or total station. The measured heights were corrected for differences in tide level between measurement time and tsunami arrival time. The results are shown on table and four regional maps; however, the details of each measurement, including locations shown on 1:25,000 maps and photographs of evidence are shown in the Appendix. Along the northern Sanriku coast (Aomori and Iwate), most of the 141 heights range between 10m and 30m. Runup heights exceeding 30m were measured at one location in Noda Village and nine locations in Miyako City. On the southern Sanriku coast in Miyagi, most of the 76 measurements range between 4 and 20 m. On the Ibaraki coast, 36 measurements range from 2.8 to 8.1 m, and the heights generally decease toward the south. On the Chiba coast, 43 measurements range from 0.7 to 7.9 m, with the maximum height near Iioka, Asahi City.

著者

宮村 攝三 秋間 哲夫

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.3-4, pp.421-433, 1951-03-25

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Nach dem letzten starken Lokalbeben vom 27. Dezember 1919 bei der Stadt Imaichi(139°42′E, 36°42′N) wurde wie gewohnlich eine Expedition unseres Institutes fur die Nachbebenbeobachtungen nach dem epizentralen Gebiet gesandt, und eine Zweigstation derseben am Dorfe Hunyu(139°47′E, 36°45′N)(s. Fig.2) wurde den Verfassern aufgetragen. Die dabei verwendeten neuen Verbesserungen in Ausrustung und Methode fur Nachbebenbeobachtung im Felde waren wie folgt: 1) Gebrauch von Dreikomponentenseismographen mit gleichen Konstanten, T0=0.08, V≒200, fur jede Komponente. 2) Konstantenbestimmung an der Messtelle durch dynamische Prufung.(s. Fig.1) 3) Verwendung von einem Prazisions-registrierapparat, die eine grosse Trommel(d=195.5mm, l=740mm) fur drei-komponenten Registrierung hat und durch einen von Bifilarpendel regulierten Gleichstrommotor betrieben wird. 4) Vergrosserung von Papiergeschwindigkeit der Registrierung.(d. h. ca. 2.5mm/sec) 5) Sekundenzeitmarkierung durch einen mit Radiosignal verglichenen Chronometer. u.s.w. Folglich wurden die exakten Einsatzzeiten von P bis auf 1/10 Sekunde beinah zum ersten Mal in Feldbeobachtung der Nachbeben bestimmt. In Tabelle I ist ein Teil der Daten von 27 Beben zusammengestellt, deren Herdlagen durch P-S.Zeiten an 3 oder 4 Stationen bestimmt werden konnten. Einige Reproduktionen der Seismogrammen sind in Fig.3~8 gezeigt. Zwar man die naheren seismometrischen Studien nicht aus der Beobachtung von dieser einzigen Station(da andere Zweigstationen keine Zeitmarkierung und genugend schnelle Papiergeschwindigkeit batten) durchfuhren kann, konnen wir doch fur jetzt nur sagen, dass 1) P, S, und andere Einsatze aus einer einzigen Komponente nicht sicher bestimmt werden konnen, 2) bei gewissen Beben viele Phasen zwischen P und S bald in eine bald in andere Komponente klar festgestellt werden konnen, wahrend bei anderen Beben keine solchen Einsatzen klar gefunnden werden, 3) in gewissen Beben kurz vor dem scharfen P in Vertikalkomponente eine leichte Bewegung getroffen wird.(s. Fig.9) Leider finden diese Tatsachen 1)~3) fur jetzt noch keine genugende Erklarung. Ubrigens zeigten hier die Seismogrammen merkwurdige Bodenunruhe bei Tage besonders in O-W-Komponente. Zwar die Ursache dieser Bodenschwingung die umliegende Sagemuhle(1-9 in Fig.13) ist, gibt es keine direkte Relation zwischen der Periode der Bodenschwingungen und der der Motoren. Die Uberwiegung in O-W-Komponente wurde auch von in N-S betriebenen Muhlen klar erzeugt, und daher mussen wir es zu einer Bodenanisotropie zuschreiben.(s. Fig.14) Freier Fall einer 12 Pfund Kugel von 1m Hohe wurde auf den Boden in der Nahe 2~6m von Seismographen versucht.(s. Fig.15) Amplitudenverkleinerung mit der Herddistanz ist in Fig.16 gezeigt und dort kann man keine obengenannte Anisotropie des Bodens finden. Wenn man die Amplitude y mit Herddistanz x in der Gleichung y=Ax-n e-kx darstellen kann, kann man die Konstanten n und k aus diesem Experiment rechnen.(s. Tabelle II) Z. B. bei Vertikalbewegung sind n zwischen 1 und 1/2, und dies zeigt, dass die Wellenausbreitung wenigstens in diesem Fall sozusagen zwischen die der Oberfiachenwellen und die der Raumwellen ist.

著者

Kawasumi Hirosi

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.3-4, pp.355-367, 1951-03-25

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昭和24年12月26日朝8h 16m及8h 25mに栃木縣上都賀郡今市町附近を中心とする小區城破壊的地震が起り,死者8,行方不明2,全潰住家299戸半潰住家618戸の被害を生じた.此の地震の震央附近の震度は極めて強かつたようであるが,振動週期極めて小なりし爲か石藏家屋の外は全潰(現建築費50%以上の損害)とは云へ倒潰と云ふやうなものは少かつた.從つて火事の發生を見なかったのは幸であつた.然し山崩,地辷りは極めて著しく,山地田畑の荒廢著しく,人命の損失の大部分もこれによるものであつた.余震の頻發した事,及び初動の圓錐型分布,及び所謂地震斷層と思はれる如きものの見へなかつた事も本地震の特徴と云ふべく,今市町全體に互る地震後井戸壁の變形から約6mの厚さの地層が東方に約6cm移動した事が判明したが,之は測地學上重要問題を指唆するものである.尚水準測量の結果は今市町近傍數粁の間だけ約30~40cmの隆起があつた由である.震後の火山活動との關係も興味ある問題であらう.

著者

Hatori Tokutaro

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.6, pp.1063-1072, 1969-12-20

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The wave source of the tsunami generated off West Hokkaido (Shakotan Peninsula), in the Japan Sea, on Aug. 2, 1940 is estimated by means of an inverse refraction diagram, making use of a new bathymetric chart. The source area extends 170km in the NNW-SSE direction, which is smaller than that obtained by Miyabe (1941). However, the dimension estimated by the present analysis is still large for the earthquake magnitude of M=7.0. From a comparison of the geographic distribution of the earthquake intensity with those of the other tsunamigenic earthquakes that occurred in the Japan Sea, the magnitude of this earthquake is investigated. Effective tsunami height observed on the surrounding coasts of the Japan Sea can be explained by the direction of the present source. Magnitude of the tsunami of 1940 seems to be equal to that of the Niigata tsunami of 1964 and is represented as m=2. Besides, the wave source of the tsunami generated off Rumoi, West Hokkaido, on Nov. 4, 1947 is discussed, taking the aftershock area into consideration.|1940年8月2日,北海道積丹沖に起きた津波は日本海全域に伝播し,北海道西岸をはじめソ連の沿海州と北朝詳,隠岐にも家屋,船舶などに被害を与えた,地震の規模Mは,気象庁の地震カタログ(1958)によるとM=7.0, USCGSによるとMG=7.7と示されており,両者の決定値には著しい違いがある.一方,余震は札幌において多数観測され,P-S頻度分布は10 secから33 secの範囲にあつて,余震域の長さは約190kmと推定されている(宇津,1961)

著者

溝上 恵

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.483-504, 1980-11-15

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It has been pointed out from geological and geomorphological evidences that the time rate of undulatory crustal movement shows a remarkable dependence on its wavelength. Specific studies on the problem were made by MATSUDA (1960, 1961, 1964), KAIZUKA (1967, 1968) and OTA (1968, 1969). KAIZUKA compared the rate of folding in the Quaternary with the mode of undulatory crustal movements in the present. He indicated such regularities of folding as the smaller the wavelength, the greater the rate of folding and the rate of present folding is in the same order with that of the Quaternary folding.

著者

飯高 隆 中村 功 溝上 恵

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.37-50, 1989-06-30

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関東地方においては,これまでに地震波速度構造の不均質性について様々な研究がなされてきた.これらの研究の結果,太平洋プレート,フィリピン海プレートの沈み込みが示された.このように複雑な構造をした地域において,沈み込むプレートの形状を求めることは,大変重要なことである.東京大学地震研究所の日立(HIT)の観測点の地震波記録で,P波とS波の間に立ち上がりのはっきりした後続波が見られた.この研究では,この後続波が,沈み込む太平洋プレート上面でPS変換された波であることを明らかにし,この変換波を用いて沈み込む太平洋プレート上面の深さを求めた.このように変換波を用いる方法は,プレート上面の深さを求めるのに有効であることが知られている.この研究において,関東地方下で求められた太平洋プレート上面は,日立の観測点下で約60kmの深さに求まり,その面は2重深発面の上面にほぼ一致した.また,この深さはS波の反射から求められた結果(小原,1987)と矛盾しない.

著者

松田 時彦 恒石 幸正

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.6, pp.1267-1279, 1971-02-27

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A locally destructive earthquake with magnitude 6.6 occurred in Okumino area, Gifu Prefecture, Central Japan on September 9, 1969 (Fig. 1). The damage area is underlain mainly by Paleozoic formations and Cretaceous rhyolitic pyroclastic deposits, which are partly covered with dissected Quaternary volcanoes (Figs. 2 and 3). A number of Quaternary faults which are dominantly of strike-slip nature, occur in Central Japan which includes the epicentral area (Fig. 6). The epicentral area is located about 10km west of a main fault of the Atera fault system, which is an active left-lateral strikeslip fault of Central Japan. Although a few active faults are in the meisoseismal area, no definite evidence of surface faulting was found along any active fault, except some echelon cracks suggesting a left-slip on a fault line at one locality. The push pull distribution of P waves (Fig. 1), the distribution of aftershocks and the shape of the meisoseismal area (Fig. 5) suggest the concealed seismic fault to be a northwest-trending left-lateral strike-slip fault, which strikes parallel to the Atera fault and has the same sense of displacement. The direction of maximum pressure of the present earthquake corresponds well with the Quaternary stress direction, which has been inferred from the study of active fault systems in Central Japan.

著者

伯野 元彦

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.6, pp.1287-1294, 1971-02-27

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The following features are pointed out concerning the damage of structures by the recent Sept. 9, 1969 earthquake in the Gifu Prefecture in Japan. i)It is supposed that the acceleration of the ground motion is more than 350 gals, due to the behavior of gravestones, however, the damage of structures is not so severe. The reason might be the fact that the epicenter of the earthquake is in the mountainous region, so the frequency content of the ground motion concentrations in a higher frequency domain. ii)The damage of the following structures are severe, A)Road, highway going through the slope of mountains, B)Masonry retaining wall, C)Failure of the forest area, iii) Almost no damage was found in Wooden Houses.

著者

茂木 清夫

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.3, pp.401-428, 1986-02-07

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過去数10年にわたる大きい地震及び近年の徴小池震の線状配列から,男鹿半島と牡鹿半島を通って東北地方を横切る北西-南東の活構造線の存在が推定される.海底地形や地殻変動のデータもこの存在を示唆する.1983年の日本海中部地震は,この構造線が日本海東縁の構造境界に会合するという特異な場所で起ったもので,その余震の分布の特徴もこのことを示している.日本海溝,男鹿半島-牡鹿半島構造線,日本海東縁の構造境界及び北海道と本州の間の境界によって囲まれた地域が一つのブロックを形成し,これが東西圧縮応力場にある.日本海中部地震はこの東西圧縮応力が特に集中しやすい所に起った地震であり,ここでは日本海側としては例外的に大きい地震がくり返し起ってきた.1978年宮城県沖地震の震源域では大地震が頻繁に繰返し発生しているが,ここも男鹿半島-牡鹿半島構造線が日本海溝沿いのSubduction Zoneに達したという構造的に特異な所である.

著者

阿部 勝征

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.4, pp.851-873, 1991-03-29

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フィリピンのルソン島中部で1990年7月16日に発生した大地震(Mw7.6)について現地調査や波形解析を実施し,地震の発生機構を調べた.この地震はルソン島の地表に最大水平変位6mの地震断層を出現させた.それは島弧中央断層であるフィリピン断層系の一部である.地震断層の現地調査ではBongabonからRizar, Digdigを経てCapintalanまで実地踏査し,これらの地域を含めてDingalan湾よりImugan北方までを100km以上にわたってヘリコプターで上空より調査した.現地調査,地震波解析,余震データから得られたフィリピン地震の全体像は長大な左横ずれ断層運動である.断層面の走向は154°NE,傾斜角は76°Wであり,断層の長さは120km,幅は20km,断層面上での平均変位量は5.0mである.地震による横ずれ断層としては世界有数の規模である. TSKにおけるP波初動部分の変位記録は,震源での継続時間が約50秒あり,約10秒間の小さな立ち上がりに続いて2個の大きなサブイペントが約20秒の間隔で発生したことを示唆する.ラ・ウニオン州のルナで約2mの高さの津波が発生したが,局地的なもので,液状化に伴って生じたとみられる. 17日に発生した最大余震(Mw6.4)は逆断層運動によるもので,主断層運動の東側のブロックが断層の北端付近を圧縮したために起きたと考えられる.

著者

岡田 惇

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.3, pp.537-547, 1961-12-15

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(1) A local, but severe earthquake occurred near Nagaoka City, Niigata Prefecture, on February 2nd, 1961. Its epicentral area was in the western part of Nagaoka City, being not very far from the area stricken by the Sekihara Earthquake of 1927. Figs. 2 and 3 show the epicenter and isoseismal lines of the earthquake (after JMA, Niigata Meteorological Observatory). According to the JMA, the epicenter was located at 37°27'N and 138°49'E, and the depth of the origin about 10 km. The magnitude of the earthquake was 5.0. (Gutenberg-Richter)

著者

村井 勇 角田 信子 辻村 芳子

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.3, pp.1025-1068, 1978-12-25

著者

羽鳥 徳太郎

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.3, pp.855-861, 1978-12-25

著者

Takeo Minoru Mikami Naoya

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.3, pp.541-569, 1990-12-25

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Detailed rupture processes of six intraplate earthquakes in Japan, the 1961 Kitamino earthquake, the 1969 GifuKen-Chubu earthquake, the 1974 Izu-Hanto-Oki earthquake, the 1975 OitaKen-Chubu earthquake, the 1980 Izu-Hanto-Toho-Oki earthquake, and the 1984 NaganoKen-Seibu earthquake, are compiled and compared to each other to make clear common features of an earthquake rupture process. The rupture processes are obtained by waveform inversion using strong motion seismograms in previous studies. Five of these rupture processes are also compared with distributions of precisely determined aftershocks. Earthquakes with relatively smooth rupture propagation, such as the 1974 Izu-Hanto-Oki earthquake and the 1961 Kitamino earthquake, represent smoother slip distribution than earthquakes with relatively irregular rupture propagation, such as the 1969 GifuKen-Chubu earthquake and the 1980 Izu-Hanto-Toho-Oki earthquake. It is also recognized that aftershocks of magnitude greater than 4 do not occur in the large slip area. Most large aftershocks take place near the edge of the large slip region and in the small slip region. Aftershocks also tend to cluster near the edge of the large slip region. These results are very consistent with numerical experiments of dynamic rupture, so it is suggested that the relation between aftershocks and coseismic slip pattern obtained in this paper hold generally for earthquake rupture processes. A clear delay of rupture propagation occurs in the large slip area during the 1969 GifuKen-Chubu earthquake: on the other hand, the small slip area in the 1980 Izu-Hanto-Toho-Oki earthquake is characterized by a deceleration of rupture propagation. The large slip area in the former case is interpreted as a barrier which resisted fracturing at first and was broken with a high stress drop. In the latter case, mechanical weakness due to volcanic structure located around the source region, seems to have affected the rupture process. A similar geological condition may have affected the rupture process of the 1978 Izu-Oshima-Kinkai earthquake which occurred about 10 km south of the 1980 Izu-Hanto-Toho-Oki earthquake.

著者

森本 良平 松田 時彦

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.4, pp.935-942, 1962-03-15

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The area around Mt. Gankyoji-yama, 45 km east of Fukui City and 70 km north of Gifu Gity, was attacked by a severe earthquake at 14 h 33 m on August 19, 1961 (The earthquake was later named as Kita Mino Earthquake). In this area, in addition to the damage done to houses and stone walls, fissures were opened on narrow ridges. Many rock fall and earth fall took places on the steep cliffs.

著者

宮村 攝三 堀 実 安芸 敬一 松本 英照 安藤 誠一

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.4, pp.895-908, 1962-03-15

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1961年8月19日岐阜,福井,石川3県境界付近に発生した北美浜地震にともなう余震群を,本震震央南南西30kmの岐阜県郡上郡八幡町において8月27日より約1ケ月間磁気テープ記録による多成分観測装置によつて観測した.辺長1kmにちかい3点観測によつて初詣の到来方向,みかけの速度をもとめ余震群の分布を現地でただちに推定することができたが,それによると余震域は本震震央の西方にひろがるごくせまい面積をしめ,深度はO~25kmの地殼内にかぎられることがわかつた.余震域の面積A(km2)は本震の規模(M=7.2)から宇津・関の公式logA=M-4で推定されるものにくらべいちぢるしくせまい.なお余震群以外の局地的小地震が観測されたことも注目にあたいする結果である.|After the Kita Mino (North Mino) Earthquake of August 19th, 1961, we hurried to Hachiman, Gujo County, Gifu Prefecture, Central Japan, about 30 kms south-east of the epicenter to observe its aftershock activity for several weeks. Tripartite stations were occupied, as shown in the map of Fig. 1, near the temporary observation room at Gujo High School and from Aug. 27th to Sept. 20th the observation were executed almost continuously.

著者

宮崎 務 山口 勝 増谷 文雄 寺尾 弘子

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.115-149, 1976-12-10

著者

Fukao Yoshio

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.5, pp.707-727, 1970-12-05

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The focal process of a deep shock which occurred at 580km depth in the Banda Sea region in 1964 is investigated by using long period P and S waves from WWSSN seismograms. The two nodal planes of this earthquake are given by dip direction=319°, dip angle=45°, and dip direction=180°, dip angle=53°, respectively. Assuming that a rectangle represents a far field pulse form, the S wave seismograms are synthesized for various pulse widths and epicentral distances. The effects on the wave form due to passage through the mantle, crust and instrument are removed. Trials are made to find the pulse width, Ts, of the original rectangular pulse which fits the observed S wave form. The variation of Ts with respect to the fault plane orientation is investigated. Ts is remarkably well correlated with the emergence angle measured from the slip vector on the nodal plane with dip direction=319°, dip angle=45°. This result, leads to the following conclusions: (1) The source is plane-like rather than spherical; a fault, model is more preferable to a phase transition model. (2) The nodal plane with dip direction=319° and dip angle=45° is the fault plane. (3) The fault surface is not circular but elongated. (4) The direction of elongation coincides, with the slip direction. (5) The fault width W should not exceed 15km. It may. probably be smaller than 10km. (6) The fault length L is estimated to be 40.km. (7) The process of the body wave radiation took place almost simultaneously, within about two seconds, over the entire fault surface; this model is significantly different from the ordinary propagating fault model. On the basis of this model, the seismic moment M0 is estimated to be 5.8×1026 dyne cm from the P wave amplitude and width. Assuming W=8km, the average dislocation, stress drop and elastic energy released when the fault surfaces become free, are. estimated to be 150 cm, 290 bars and 7.0×1022 ergs, respectively. The stress drop obtained here is one order of magnitude greater than that estimated for shallow earthquakes.|1964年バンダ海で起った深さ580kmの深発地震の震源過程を世界標準地震計観測網が記録した.長周期P波およびS波を用いて調べた.この地震の2つのP波節面はdip direction=319°dip angle=45°およびdip direction=180°, dip angle=53°で与えられる.S波の遠方での波形が矩形で近似できると仮定して種々のパルス巾,震央距離に対してP波理論記象を作った.その際,マントル,地殻および地震計を通過するときの波形への影響を考慮した.これらを実際の記録と比較して,もとの矩形波のパルス巾,Ts,を求めた.Tsの方位に関する著しい規則性より次の結論を得た.(1)震源は球状ではなく面状であり,従って相転移モデルより断層モデルの方が適当である.(2)dip direction=319°,dip angle=45°のP波節面が断層面である.(3)断層面は円ではなく,slip方向にのびた細長いものである.(4)断層の巾は15kmを越えず,恐らく10km以下と思われる.(5)地震は断層面全体にわたって殆ど同時に起ったと考えられる.この間約2秒である.普通の伝播性断層モデルでは結果を説明できない.(6)断層の長さは約40kmである.これらの結論はP波の実際の波形とも矛盾しない.P波理論記象と実際の記録との比較から地震モーメントは5.8×1026dyne cmと推定される.断層の巾を8kmと仮定すると,断層面上でのくい違いの大きさ,stress dropおよび断層面がfreeになったと仮定したとき解放される弾性エネルギーは,それぞれ150cm,290 barsおよび7.0×1022 ergsとなる.

著者

Fukao Yoshio Kono Masaru Yamamoto Akihiko Saito Matsuhiko Nawa Kazunari Giesecke Alberto Perales Crisolfo

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.161-266, 2000-03-21

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We collected all the data of gravity measurements carried out over the last 40 years by Institute Geofisico del Peru (IGP). Because of the long time since data collection, some of the information needed for data reduction were lost over the years. This loss made it difficult for us to determine all of the gravity values unambiguously and consistently from the presently available IGP data alone. Accordingly, there was a need for independently determined gravity stations to which the measurements done by IGP may be compared. In order to provide reference gravity values, we utilized Japanese survey data collected between 1980 and 1984, and conducted more surveys in various parts of Peru in the period between 1995 and 1998. These gravity stations number more than 800, and provide three or more reference points for each of the IGP survey routes. Using these references, the gravity values were calculated for the IGP dataset and Bouguer corrections were applied. Finally, a Bouguer anomaly map of Peru was produced based on these data. This paper reports all the procedures involved in the data reduction, discusses the reliability of the reduced data, and points out the main features of the Bouguer anomaly map.