著者

土井 聖陽 高木 修

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.73-79, 1993-12-25 (Released:2016-12-02)

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The effects of apology and the changes of affection under four types of social predicaments were examined by canonical correlation analysis. Subjects were asked to imagine themselves as the harm-doer and the victim in one of four scenarios that were designed with combinations of high and low levels of the harm-doer's responsibility and the victim's damage. The findings were as follows: (1) a small number of apology components were used when the victim's damage was severe; (2) social predicaments were generally unpleasant, because the harm-doer and/or the victim felt aggressive affections (disgust, anger and hatred) in every situation; (3) apologies had positive and negative effects on the affection of the harm-doer and victim according to the difference of social predicaments.

著者

高木 彩 小森 めぐみ

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.126-134, 2018

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<p>This study distinguished between subjective and objective knowledge of scientific technology whose influence on health is yet to be defined, and explored the effect of each type of knowledge on risk perception. A web-based survey among the Japanese population (<i>N</i>=1,110) was conducted. It assessed the subjective and objective knowledge of electromagnetic field (EMF), interest in EMF, risk perception, and trust on the related organizations. The results indicated that respondents' objective knowledge about EMF was generally poor. Their subjective knowledge and objective knowledge were significantly correlated, but the strength of correlation was moderate. Multiple regression analysis yielded significant subjective×objective knowledge interaction on risk perception. While objective knowledge consistently attenuated risk perception, subjective knowledge boosted risk perception only when respondents' objective knowledge level was low. The possibility of the potential influence of reputation of EMF on the boosted subjective knowledge about EMF was discussed.</p>

著者

有光 興記

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.1-11, 2001-08-29 (Released:2017-01-06)

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The present study revealed lay theories about 'agari' experiences. 'Agari' is a Japanese noun (the verb form is 'agaru') , referring to broad experiences including 'stage-fright', 'choking under pressure' and 'social anxiety'. Based upon the self-reports of 429 subjects, a 68-item questionnaire on the causes for 'agari' experiences (CAEQ) was constructed. Another 371 subjects completed the CAEQ, and a factor analysis of their responses revealed seven factors: "worry about failure", "pressure", "personality traits and emotional states", "insufficiency", "other awareness", "unfamiliarity", and "sense of inferiority". Next, hierarchical cluster analysis was performed and the results divided twelve 'agari' situations into four clusters of situations: "competition/test", "other sex", "presentation not requiring success", and "public evaluation". The clusters were differentiated by "pressure" and "other awareness" factors. These results were discussed in terms of lay theories' common and different characteristics between 'agari' eliciting situations.

著者

上笹 恒 菱山 謙二 堀 洋道

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.48-56, 1987-11-20 (Released:2016-11-22)

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Tsukuba Science City is a newly constructed city situated within the old farming areas of Tsukuba, Japan. The new development, therefore, has had a great impact not only on the original inhabitants of the central district but also on the others in the nearby areas. With the progress of the construction of the new city, the consciousness, values, attitudes, and behaviors of the population have been transformed from the traditional to the modern type. Six sets of survey data on attitudes and behaviors were collected over 10 years period. Based on these data, we made first the index of diversity of attitudes and behaviors which may represent the level of urbanization of the residents' consciousness. Then, into a mathematical model integrating time and space, we formulated the process of change in this index at several regions for 10 years period. The result indicates the model to be fitted well enough to describe the urbanization process according to the distance from the center of the town and to the lapse of time since the basic year.

著者

町 一誠 樋口 匡貴 深田 博己

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.3, pp.173-186, 2006-02-08 (Released:2017-02-07)

被引用文献数

2

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This study aims to examine the effects of a speaker's use of dialect on the impression given by that person. The experimental conditions were as follows : (1) the speaker used a common language and a dialect with appropriate code-switching according to the situation; (2) the speaker used the same, but with inappropriate code-switching; (3) the speaker consistently used a common language; and (4) the speaker consistently used dialect. The subjects consisted of two hundred and eighty undergraduate students, some of whom were native speakers of the dialect while others were not. The experiment revealed that the impression given by and the interpersonal attractiveness of a speaker who used a common language and a dialect with appropriate code-switching according to the situation were more favorable. On the other hand, the impression given by and the interpersonal attractiveness of a speaker with inappropriate code-switching were less favorable. These results were discussed from the viewpoint of the evaluation of the dialects in Japan.

著者

竹中 一平 落合 萌子 松井 豊

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

2018

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<p>In modern society, the filtering of illegal or harmful content on the Internet is necessary for the healthy development of young people. However, the mental damage that Internet filtering workers may suffer has been overlooked. We examined occupational stress and related factors among Internet filtering workers in Japan. Workers (<i>N</i>=160) in a company providing a web-content filtering service completed a questionnaire. The percentage of all respondents with high-risk Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R) scores was 10.4% and with high-risk General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) scores was 47.0%. These results indicated that rates of mental damage among Internet filtering workers were as high as those of firefighters and journalists. IES-R and GHQ-12 scores were used as the dependent variables in the quantification method (Type 1). The results showed that these scores related to stress responses in the aftermath of witnessing traumatic illegal or harmful content, emotional empathy, and so on.</p>

著者

宮川 裕基 谷口 淳一

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

2018

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<p>This research explored whether self-compassion buffers people against perceived threat in the face of job rejection and enables them to invest their internal resources in job hunting again. It also examined whether intrinsic-improvement orientation toward job hunting moderates the relation of self-compassion to the reinvestment of resources. In Study 1, a total of 153 Japanese undergraduates responded to a hypothetical scene about being rejected at a job interview for a sought-after company. Results indicated that self-compassion was negatively related to perceived threat and that the positive relation of self-compassion to resource reinvestment in job hunting was significant only among those high in intrinsic-improvement orientation toward job hunting. In Study 2, a total of 50 job-hunting students recalled their own job rejections and reported on how they had coped with them. Results replicated the main findings of Study 1, indicating that self-compassionate people are less likely to overestimate threat from their rejection and that they are more likely to reinvest their internal resources in job hunting when they are high in intrinsic-improvement orientation toward it.</p>

著者

今瀧 夢 相田 直樹 村本 由紀子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

2018

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<p>The present study examined how leaders' evaluation and judgment of members are influenced by their "implicit theories" (<i>e.g.</i>, Dweck, 1999). Participants were asked to play the role of team leader and then observed a team member performing poorly. They were asked to decide how much reward they should distribute to the failed member and to allocate the remaining time between him/her and a new member who had not yet worked on the task. As a result, participants who believe in malleable abilities (incremental theorists) increased the evaluation of the failed member when that member claimed that he/she made an effort, whereas participants who believe in fixed abilities (entity theorists) evaluated that member based only on outcome. Furthermore, entity theorists expected a new member to achieve an average level of performance and allotted more time to him/her, whereas incremental theorists expected a new member's performance to be below average. There was no difference between their expectations of the failed member's next performance. Results suggest that entity theorists may be better than incremental theorists at placing the right people in the right place.</p>

著者

竹中 一平 落合 萌子 松井 豊

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1609, (Released:2018-01-31)

参考文献数

34

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In modern society, the filtering of illegal or harmful content on the Internet is necessary for the healthy development of young people. However, the mental damage that Internet filtering workers may suffer has been overlooked. We examined occupational stress and related factors among Internet filtering workers in Japan. Workers (N=160) in a company providing a web-content filtering service completed a questionnaire. The percentage of all respondents with high-risk Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R) scores was 10.4% and with high-risk General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) scores was 47.0%. These results indicated that rates of mental damage among Internet filtering workers were as high as those of firefighters and journalists. IES-R and GHQ-12 scores were used as the dependent variables in the quantification method (Type 1). The results showed that these scores related to stress responses in the aftermath of witnessing traumatic illegal or harmful content, emotional empathy, and so on.

著者

宮崎 弦太 矢田 尚也 池上 知子 佐伯 大輔

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.61-72, 2017

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<p>This study investigated the determinants of <i>exchange anxiety</i> in close relationships—generalized worries that one's partner will replace him/her with a more suitable person. We hypothesized that exchange anxiety would increase when individuals compare themselves with others who are more competent (experiencing upward social comparisons), especially in environments where they cannot easily find alternative relationships (environments with low relational mobility). By experimentally manipulating the type of social comparison, the results from Study 1 revealed that undergraduates (<i>n</i>=299) living in environments with low relational mobility felt stronger exchange anxiety when they experienced upward social comparison than downward social comparison. In Study 2, an online survey was conducted with a sample of adults living in either urban or rural areas (<i>n</i>=1000). The results showed that the frequency of upward social comparison was positively associated with exchange anxiety and that this tendency was moderated by the combined effect of relational mobility and trait self-esteem. These results suggest that the characteristics of one's interpersonal environments affect the impact of the perceived risk of being replaced on exchange anxiety in one's close relationships.</p>

著者

金政 祐司

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.3, pp.274-284, 2007-03-20 (Released:2017-02-08)

被引用文献数

3

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between early adult attachment styles, self-perceptions and other's-perceptions (participants' impressions from their close friends) in friendships, and also to examine the effects of attachment styles and discrepancies between participants and their friends in terms of self-perceptions on evaluations of their relationships. Participants, 210 undergraduates, were asked to pair with their same-sex close friend in class and answered several questions. Results showed that "avoidance" attachment dimension was generally negatively related to positive self-perceptions in friendships. Also, similar tendencies were obtained on other's-perceptions. Moreover, the discrepancies between participants and their friends in terms of evaluations of their relationships increased as "avoidance" dimension increased. These results suggest that "avoidance" dimension is related to low levels of adjustment in the friendships. In addition, the discrepancies between self-perceptions of "sociability" were positively and those of "attractiveness" were negatively related to the discrepancies between evaluations of relationships.

著者

今在 慶一朗 内山 博之 今在 景子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.94-103, 2013-01-20 (Released:2017-03-02)

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According to traditional corrective education, sincere and emotional interaction is effective in changing prisoners' personalities. However, some recent studies insist that certain psychological operations such as counseling are not effective and occasionally have a negative effect on rehabilitation. In this study, on the other hand, we predicted that keeping public order by treating prisoners with fairness is effective. We asked prisoners to rate staff at their correctional institution, to describe their attitude toward decisions made there, and to give their view of public order in society. We found that fair treatment of prisoners promotes acceptance of investigation results regarding violations or punishments, volition of rehabilitation after release, and internalization of public order. Furthermore, we confirmed that fairness by staff indicates to prisoners that public order within the institution is being maintained.

著者

工藤 恵理子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.195-208, 2004

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Kruger (1999) has shown that the above-average effect occurs because people cannot take into account of other peoples' abilities, and instead they rely on their own abilities when they evaluate themselves relative to others. Kruger also has shown that the below-average effect appears when the absolute level of 9 person's abilities is low. Two studies were conducted to examine whether the same mechanism can apply to : (1) trait judgments ; (2) negative traits ; and (3) Japanese participants. The results revealed that the occurrence of above or below average effects were basically dependent on the relative ease or difficulty of possessing (or not possessing) each trait. In addition, various types of measurements were employed and compared in these studies. Results of correlations with self-esteem revealed that : (1) comparing oneself with the average person, and comparing the average person with oneself taps into different constructs when direct comparisons were made ; and (2) asking about oneself or the average person first, made substantial differences in the results when indirect comparisons were made.

著者

原田 耕太郎

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.104-110, 2013-01-20 (Released:2017-03-02)

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It is expected in existing theories that bias suppression, known to be a procedural justice norm (Leventhal, 1980), has a positive influence on perceived fairness and that egocentric bias causes perceivers to make a positive response to favorable outcomes more than to unfavorable ones. In addition, we tend to exhibit egocentric bias when unfavorable outcomes emerge; an interaction between the favorability of an outcome and egocentric bias is therefore to be expected. That is, perceived fairness would be lower in unfavorable outcome without bias suppression than in others. For the sake of meeting expectations, we have availed ourselves of modified scenarios from Study 1 of De Cremer (2004). Sixty undergraduate students participated in this study, of whom 55 were analyzed. Almost all of the results are to meet expectations. It can be considered that procedural justice might be superior to egocentric bias in perceived fairness; however, the influence of egocentric bias should not be disregarded.

著者

村本 由紀子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.194-195, 2012

著者

上瀬 由美子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.72-72, 2015-08-31 (Released:2015-09-09)

参考文献数

2

著者

金政 祐司

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.11-20, 2009-08-31 (Released:2017-02-20)

被引用文献数

1

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This study was conducted to reveal the commonality between mother-child and romantic dyads in early adults, based on the relationships between early adult attachment dimensions, emotional experiences in the relationships, and evaluation of the relationships. Participants were 209 pairs of early adults and their mothers, and 103 romantic couples in early adulthood. The main results were as follows: in both relationships, attachment anxiety was positively correlated to one's own and one's partner's negative emotion in the relationship and negatively related to one's own and one's partner's evaluation of relationships. But attachment avoidance was only related to one's own negative and positive emotion in those relationships. Moreover, the relations between attachment anxiety and one's own and one's partner's evaluation of relationships were mediated by one's own and one's partner's negative emotion respectively in both relationships. The results were discussed in terms of the self-fulfilling prophecy of attachment styles.

著者

林 幹也

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.187-194, 2007-11-10 (Released:2017-02-08)

被引用文献数

1

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An experiment (N=32) examined whether an affectively neutral attitude object which always accompanied an affectively positive stimulus in a specific context was automatically evaluated as positive only in that same context. In the acquisition phase, one nonsense shape with a colored background context was paired with positive personality traits. In the alternative condition, the non-sense shape was presented with no background color context and was not paired with any stimulus. In the test phase, the affective priming method used that shape as the prime stimulus. Response latencies for positive target words preceded by the shape with the colored background context as the prime stimulus were shorter than those preceded by the shape with no background context. This result shows that automatic evaluation for an attitude-conditioned object depends on the context that was presented in the acquisition phase.

著者

堀田 美保

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.83-96, 2002

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This study was conducted to examine the relationships among (1) generation-gaps young people perceive between themselves and their parents' generation, (2) images of their parents' generation, and (3) story-telling by their parents about the past. A survey was conducted on 284 university students. The results showed that respondents experienced story-telling more from their mothers than from their fathers, and more about events in the respondents' childhood than about earlier events. Moreover, those who experienced story-telling from their mothers more frequently rated their parent's generation as having more vitality. A similar tendency was identified regarding the fathers' story-telling among female respondents. On hearing stories, respondents who felt pity tended to have images of toughness and those who felt envy and interest tended to have vitality images about their parents' generation. Finally, those who experienced story-telling from their mothers more frequently perceived smaller generation-gaps regarding some topics. In female respondents, more frequent story-telling from their fathers was related to smaller generationgaps. Possibilities for future research on story-telling from parents and parent-child and intergenerational relationships were discussed.

著者

高田 琢弘 湯川 進太郎

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.132-140, 2014-11-30 (Released:2015-07-24)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

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Effects of winning versus losing, emotional states, and perceived luck on gambling behavior were experimentally examined among Japanese undergraduates. Participants (21 males and 21 females) performed a Game of Dice Task that consisted of 18 gambling trials. Their emotional states and perceived luck were assessed before the first trial and after every trial. The results indicated that after participants experienced wins, compared to losses, their emotional state became more positive and aroused, and their perceived luck increased. Additionally, their next gambling choice became more cautious after participants experienced losses, compared to wins with cautious gambling. These results suggest that the effects of winning versus losing are significant for understanding the mechanisms of gambling behavior.