著者

大江 朋子 岡 隆 横井 俊

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.33-47, 2006-08-25 (Released:2017-02-08)

被引用文献数

2

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Two studies were conducted to classify motivation and strategies for suppressing stereotypes of women, to identify relations between motivation and strategies, and to examine if they are related to sexism. In Study 1, students' statements as to motivation and strategies for suppressing stereotypes of women in an open-ended questionnaire were classified qualitatively. On the basis of these classifications, in Study 2, we developed measures of stereotype suppression and administered them to 390 students. Exploratory factor analyses yielded two factors for motivation ("denial of prejudice" and "maintenance of norm or relation") and two factors for strategies ("approach" and "avoidance"). A path analysis revealed that "maintenance of norm or relation" increased the adoption of "avoidance," whereas "denial of prejudice" decreased the adoption of "avoidance" and increased the adoption of "approach." Sexism was negatively correlated with "denial of prejudice," negatively correlated with "maintenance of norm or relation" for male students, and positively correlated with "avoidance" for female students. Results were discussed in terms of the promotion and reduction of stereotype activation by means of stereotype suppression.

著者

高橋 直

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.3, pp.200-209, 1992

被引用文献数

3

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It is generally known that littering can not be controlled by merely physical technology but by controlling the littering behavior of individuals. This would seem to be the most important factor of control. As one effective technique for controlling littering behavior, a behavior modification technique has recently been discovered. This study evaluates the effectiveness of such a behavior modification technique to induce littering behavior in a naturalistic settings: the baseball stadium. The procedures used were as follows; (1) an operant contingency in the form of positive reinforcement procedures, (2) a positive prompting strategy, (3) a negative prompting strategy, (4) a litter bag only condition. The findings revealed a highly significant effect of treatment. There were significant differential effects between the different treatment strategies.

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.142-150, 2019-03-31 (Released:2019-03-31)

参考文献数

23

---

Previous studies have confirmed that the perception of procedural fairness promotes the acceptance of political decisions and that people’s impressions of authority affect such perceptions. On the other hand, it is thought that people do not always consider political problems in detail, often performing cognitive processing by the heuristic of using peripheral information and thereby forming their attitudes. An experiment was conducted on how impressions were formed of the Japanese prime minister’s speeches on the restart of nuclear power plants. Participants were divided according to degree of focus of attention, and analysis was conducted of the relationship among impressions of the prime minister, procedural fairness, and support for the decision. Overall, it was confirmed that evaluation of accountability fostered support for procedural fairness and decisions reached, but the higher the degree of focus, the more pronounced the effect was regarding assessment of accountability in procedural fairness.

著者

土肥 伊都子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.84-93, 1995-12-15 (Released:2016-12-04)

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The purpose of this study was to consider the following hypotheses; 1) Gender schema would facilitate the following sex-typed evaluation; femininity is important for females, masculinity is important for males. On the other hand, gender schema would restrain the tendency of the following non-sex-typed evaluation; femininity is important for males, masculinity is important for females. In the case of the females, gender schema would facilitate femininity, and it would restrain masculinity. 2) Evaluating humanity as important traits for both of females and males would restrain gender schema. 3) Being gender-aschematic would facilitate orientation to both of motherhood and fatherhood. Two hundreds and twenty-one female junior college students responded to humanity, femininity, masculinity on self-concept (Itoh, 1978) and desirability for females and males, and femininity-mother, masculinity-father and adult on desirability for themselves in the future. (Yamaguchi, 1985) The results were as follows; 1) The role evaluations toward femininity/masculinity and femininity/masculinity did not consist of only one factor, i.e., gender schema. On the contrary non-sex-typed evaluation facilitated androgyny. 2) Humanity measured in the present strdy was estimated as a part of masculinity, so the effect of humanity toward gender schema was not supported. 3) Androgyny facilitated orientation to adulthood, containing motherhood and fatherhood.

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

2019

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<p>Previous studies have confirmed that the perception of procedural fairness promotes the acceptance of political decisions and that people's impressions of authority affect such perceptions. On the other hand, it is thought that people do not always consider political problems in detail, often performing cognitive processing by the heuristic of using peripheral information and thereby forming their attitudes. An experiment was conducted on how impressions were formed of the Japanese prime minister's speeches on the restart of nuclear power plants. Participants were divided according to degree of focus of attention, and analysis was conducted of the relationship among impressions of the prime minister, procedural fairness, and support for the decision. Overall, it was confirmed that evaluation of accountability fostered support for procedural fairness and decisions reached, but the higher the degree of focus, the more pronounced the effect was regarding assessment of accountability in procedural fairness.</p>

著者

荒川 歩 菅原 郁夫

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1735, (Released:2019-02-12)

参考文献数

23

---

Focus groups (FGs) led by trial consultants are popular in the USA but not in Japan. Additionally, the effectiveness of this method has not been examined. This study examined the effect of FGs on the Saiban-in system. First, eleven undergraduates participated in FGs, discussing the perception of certain words (e.g., self-defense) and a theme (e.g., how to evaluate a wrongful act when losing self-control because of fear) that were points of dispute in a simulated case. The contents were compared with three law students’ estimation of how undergraduates perceived these topics. Second, a law student wrote a final case argument before and after reading a summary produced by FGs. Third, another set of thirty-one undergraduates participated in one of two conditions (whether based on an FG result or not), read the arguments (sixteen read arguments not based on an FG result; fifteen read arguments based on one), judged the case, reported their confidence in the judgment, and marked the words that affected them. The effect of the FG on the conviction rate was not significant. However, confidence in the not-guilty verdict increased and participants were influenced by the final arguments based on the FG result. This indicates the efficacy of focus groups in writing a final argument mentioned in the deliberation.

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1625, (Released:2019-02-12)

参考文献数

23

---

Previous studies have confirmed that the perception of procedural fairness promotes the acceptance of political decisions and that people’s impressions of authority affect such perceptions. On the other hand, it is thought that people do not always consider political problems in detail, often performing cognitive processing by the heuristic of using peripheral information and thereby forming their attitudes. An experiment was conducted on how impressions were formed of the Japanese prime minister’s speeches on the restart of nuclear power plants. Participants were divided according to degree of focus of attention, and analysis was conducted of the relationship among impressions of the prime minister, procedural fairness, and support for the decision. Overall, it was confirmed that evaluation of accountability fostered support for procedural fairness and decisions reached, but the higher the degree of focus, the more pronounced the effect was regarding assessment of accountability in procedural fairness.

著者

今城 周造

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.53, 1998-09-30 (Released:2016-12-14)

著者

妹尾 香織 高木 修

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.106-118, 2003-01-20 (Released:2017-01-07)

被引用文献数

6

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This study investigated helping effects on helpers, focusing in particular on volunteers' psychological outcomes (e. g . , a feeling of joy or satisfaction, etc. ) . Study 1 was based on (1) 10 months of field work, consisting of participant observation of volunteer work in an institution for the elderly, and (2) one-to-one interviews of 13 volunteers to examine their helping behaviors. These results were developed into four hypotheses about the factors of helping effects on helpers and their influences. The main purpose of Study 2 was to test these hypotheses by examining the helping effects of 257 middle and elderly-aged volunteers through questionnaires. The main results were as follows : (1) volunteers obtained helping effects through volunteering, which can be divided into 3 components : altruism elevation, establishment of new relationships, and an increased appreciation for life. (2) affirmative evaluation of their own helping behaviors provided helping effects for volunteers. (3) helping effects for volunteers determined whether volunteers are motivated to continue volunteer work.

著者

中川 裕美 横田 晋大 中西 大輔

出版者

The Japanese Society of Social Psychology

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.153-163, 2015

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In this study, we tested the theoretical validity of both Social Identity Theory (SIT) and the Bounded Generalized Reciprocity Hypothesis (BGR) for explaining in-group cooperation in real social groups. While most previous investigation on real social groups has found support for SIT, confirmatory evidence for BGR remains limited. We conducted a vignette experiment in which reciprocity was manipulated by controlling knowledge of group membership. The participants were 117 undergraduate students who were baseball fans. To control expectation of reciprocity in the experiment, we asked participants to imagine scenarios where they helped others who wore either the same baseball team T-shirts as they did or plain T-shirts. Consistent with BGR, participants tend to cooperate with in-group members when both they and their partner knew that they might be supporters of the same team. On the other hand, participants showed in-group cooperation even when only they knew their partner's group membership. This finding coincided with SIT. These results thus further verified the theoretical validity of both SIT and BGR in real social groups.

著者

豊沢 純子 竹橋 洋毅

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1717, (Released:2018-11-10)

参考文献数

14

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This study applied life history theory to eating behavior and examined the relationship between SES (Socio-Economic Status) and impulsiveness toward discounted food. Five hundred web-survey participants answered a questionnaire about impulsiveness toward discounted food, SES (childhood SES, current SES, food-specific poverty experience), cognition of discounted food (health effects, taste, attraction, limitations), and demographic factors (sex, age, household income). The result of hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that childhood SES, food-specific poverty experience, attraction, limitations, and sex had an effect on impulsiveness toward discounted food. In addition, participants who experienced food-specific poverty had negative cognition regarding health effects, taste, and attraction, but nevertheless purchased discounted food impulsively. The necessity to verify the validity of the measurement of childhood SES and the effectiveness of intervening in negative beliefs were discussed.

著者

宮崎 弦太 池上 知子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.3, pp.219-226, 2011-03-25 (Released:2017-02-21)

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From the perspectives of interdependence theory and sociometer theory, we tested the hypothesis that greater costs of relationship loss lead to heightened sensitivity to rejection cues and to increased motivation to behave in more relationship-constructive ways. We conducted a questionnaire study in which 319 undergraduates listed activities they shared with their closest same-sex friend and indicated how they would feel and behave if they were rejected. As predicted, a greater amount of shared activities with a friend led individuals to experience stronger negative self-relevant feelings following imaginary rejection by that friend, which in turn generally promoted relationship-constructive behaviors (and inhibited relationship-destructive ones). The results suggest that state self-esteem effectively functions as a relationship maintenance mechanism.

著者

田村 達 大渕 憲一

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.165-171, 2006-11-30 (Released:2017-02-08)

被引用文献数

1

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Assuming that labels describing a victim as a dehumanized entity reduce a harm-doer's control over aggressive behavior, we attempted to examine the effects of such labels on levels of aggression. A one-on-one fighting video game was used in order to conduct this experiment. During the game, 63 male undergraduates exhibited uncomfortable noises to an opponent who was given either a dehumanizing or anonymous label. We predicted that the dehumanizing label would decrease empathetic concern for, and increase both perceptual and outward hostility towards the opponent (this was measured by high levels of noises during matches). To examine the question of whether the dehumanizing label actually lessens aggressive behavior, or in fact motivates aggressive behavior, we compared the effects of the label on levels of aggression observing whether the opponent showed hostile behavior or not. The results partially-supported our hypothesis. Although the dehumanizing label did not directly increase aggression, further analysis showed that it indirectly increased aggression by lowering empathetic concern for the opponent. Similarly, our results suggested the possibility that dehumanizing labels may in fact increase aggressive behavior in people.

著者

和田 実

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.67-75, 1993-03-10 (Released:2016-12-01)

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study was to confirm the results on sex differences of same-sex friendship (SSF) and to examine the effects of sex-role type on SSF through emotional self-disclosure and the hope of SSF. Emotional self-disclosure consisted of 9 states of the emotion (as a result of factor analysis, 7 emotions), and the hopes of SSF consisted of 10 contents. Subjects were 246 (92 male and 154 female) undergraduates. Major findings were as follows: 1. Female self-disclosed the causes of the emotion more than male when they were in the state of fear and shame, depression and anxiety, happiness, and calmness. 2. Male hoped companionship of SSF and female hoped interdependence and self-disclosure. 3. Male in high femininity (HF) revealed more self- disclosure than male in low femininity (LF) except in the state of calmness. Male in high masuculinity (HM) hoped more companionship of SSF than male in low masuculinity (LM). 4. Female in HF revealed more self-disclosure than female in LF in the state of depression and anxiety, calmness, and anger. Female in HM revealed less self-disclosure than female in LM in the state of fear and shame, and depression and anxiety. Female in HM hoped more admiration, less cooperation, less self-disclosure, and less companionship than female in LM. Female in HF hoped more cooperation, more sensitivity, more self-disclosure, less information, and less authenticity than female in LF. These findings were discussed in terms of the sex differences of socialization (sex role expectation).

著者

福島 治

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.73-83, 2017

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<p>Using two consecutive trait judgments on the same trait word for self and other within a relational context, Ishii (2009) found slower responses for initial judgments about the other (<i>e.g.</i>, a "friend") when they were inconsistent with the second judgments about the self (<i>e.g.</i>, a "self-with-friend"). This finding suggests that the overlapping representation of self and other (Aron, Aron, Tudor, & Nelson, 1991) could also be true of the relational aspect of the self. However, similar slow responses were observed between trait judgments about the other and the self in an irrelevant relational context (<i>e.g.</i>, "father" and "self-with-friend"). The current report presents a replication of Ishii's findings in Study 1. Study 2 uses stimulus persons within the same category (<i>i.e.</i>, "father" and "mother" as parents), and finds slower responses among every combination of trait judgment about the self and the other, suggesting a preference for categorical over person-wise judgments. The distinctiveness of interpersonal relationships and a possible differentiation of self-representation, exerted by different relational contexts, are discussed.</p>

著者

熊谷 智博 大渕 憲一

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.3, pp.200-207, 2009-02-27 (Released:2017-02-10)

被引用文献数

4

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In intergroup conflict a third party sometimes intervenes aggressively into the interactions between the concerned parties, escalating the conflicts. We hypothesized that the third party will become aggressive if they perceive that a fellow member of their group, with whom they strongly identified themselves, is harmed by the other group and that the perception of harm is more definitely determined by unfairness than by the objective severity of the harm. Group identification was manipulated by cooperative ingroup activities. Half of the participants observed that an ingroup fellow member was harmed by an outgroup member based on unfair evaluation, while the others observed that the harm was given based on fair evaluation. They were then given a chance to retaliate against the harm-doer by creating unpleasant noises. The results indicated that both aggressive motivation and behaviors were increased by unfair harm only when participants strongly identified with the ingroup. The group identification did not affect the perception of unfairness. These results suggest that symbolic or psychological harm affects third-party aggression.

著者

橋本 剛

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.64-75, 1997-09-30 (Released:2016-12-13)

被引用文献数

10

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This study purported to analyze and clarify factors that cause interpersonal stress, conflicts, inferiority complex and dislocation in adolescence. Study I identified three categories of interpersonal stress: (1) interpersonal conflict, (2) interpersonal inferiority complex, and (3) interpersonal dislocation. Study II examined correlations between personality trait scales and these three categories. These correlations were analyzed according to stressfulness and frequency of events. As a result, validity of the three categories was supported, and it was suggested that different strategies were necessary for intervention in order to reduce the impact of stress.

著者

松田 昌史

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.143, 2015

著者

三浦 麻子 小林 哲郎

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.123-132, 2016-11-30 (Released:2016-11-30)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

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This study focuses on “satisficing” (answering behaviors in which participants do not devote appropriate attentional resources to the survey (Krosnick, 1991)) in an online survey and aims to investigate, via various indices, to what extent these behaviors are observed among students whose participation was solicited by the researchers in their universities. This study also aims to explore effective techniques to detect individuals who show satisficing tendencies as efficiently and accurately as possible. Online surveys were carried out at nine universities. Generally speaking, the predictive capability of various types of detection indices was not high. Though direct comparison with online survey panels was impossible because of differences in measurement methodology, the satisficing tendencies of university students were generally low. Our findings show that when using university students as samples for a study, researchers need not be “too intent” on detecting satisficing tendencies, and that it was more important to control the answering environment, depending on the content of the survey.

著者

稲増 一憲 池田 謙一

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.103-112, 2009-11-30 (Released:2017-02-20)

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In this research, the effects of interpersonal relationships, psychological intimacy, and frequency of conversation on the motive to share new information or refer to shared information were examined by means of a survey using topic selections of conversation. There are contradictory findings in previous research on whether intimacy promotes referring to shared information or unshared information, as the studies confuse psychological intimacy and frequency of interaction. The results of our sampling survey showed that psychological intimacy increased topic selection based on the motive to share new information while frequency of conversations increased topic selection based on the motive to refer to shared information. In addition, psychological intimacy and frequency of conversations had an interaction effect on topic selection based on the motive to share new information. The results indicate that psychological intimacy and frequency of interaction should be distinguished, as this will assist in eliminating the confusion in previous studies.