著者

鈴木 寿之 向井 貴彦

出版者

日本魚類学会

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.176-179, 2010

著者

井上 太之 鈴木 大 北野 忠 河野 裕美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本魚類学会

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, pp.29-34, 2021-04-25 (Released:2021-05-09)

参考文献数

22

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Compared with the other anguillid eel species native to Japan (Anguilla japonica and A. marmorata), very little is currently known about the Japanese populations of A. bicolor pacifica. Three specimens of the latter (652.4–879.1 mm total length), collected in an irrigation channel on Iriomote Island, southern Japan, were examined, and the phylogenetic and morphological characters of the species discussed. The stomach contents of two specimens included a number of frog remains.

著者

小林 弘 川島 康代 竹内 直政

出版者

The Ichthyological Society of Japan

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.4, pp.153-160, 1970

被引用文献数

1

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本研究はコルヒチン処理とair-drying法によりフナ属魚類の体細胞の染色体を観察した.その結果, 金魚, キンブナ, 宮崎系ギンブナ (雄の1個体を除く), ヨーロッパブナ等の染色体数はいずれも100で, 核型分析の結果も一致し, metacentricは10対で20個, submetacentricは20対で40個, acrocentricは20対で40個の染色体よりなり, acrocentricのほぼ5対目の染色体にはsatelliteが認められた.また核学的には雌雄の問では差異は認められなかった.一方関東系ギンブナ30個体中の28個体は染色体数が156で, 核型分析の結果, metacentricが17対で34個, subrnetacentricが31対で62個, acrocentricが30対で60個であった.また残りの2個体では206の染色体数が数えられ, その核型分析の結果は, metacentricに22対で44個, submetacentricに41対で82個, acrocentricに40対で80個の染色体があり, acrocentric中にはsatelliteが認められた.以上の結果より, 関東系ギンブナはフナ属魚類中に生じた3倍体および4倍体に相当するものではないかと考え, これが関東地方のギンブナに雌のみを生ずる原因と関連をもつものではないかと推測した.

著者

小林 弘 越智 尚子 竹内 直政

出版者

The Ichthyological Society of Japan

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.7-12, 1973

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Somatic chromosomes of the nigorobuna (<I>C.auratus grandoculis</I>) obtained from Lake Biwa, two local varieties of the nagabuna (<I>C.auratus buergeri</I>) from Lake Suwa and the Hokkaido district, and two local varieties of the ginbuna (<I>C.auratus langsdorfii</I>) from the Okayama Prefecture and Lake Biwa were studied and compared.Chromosome preparations was performed by the same methods previously described (Kobayasi et al., 1970).<BR>The results showed that the nigorobuna and nagabuna of Lake Suwa and the ginbuna of the Okayama Prefecture had the same diploid chromosome number of 100.Their karyotypes consisted of 10 pairs of metacentrics, 20 pairs of submetacentrics and 20 pairs of acrocentric elements.There was no morphological difference between the male and female karyotypes. On the other hand, 5 females of the nagabuna collected from the Hokkaido district and 4 females of the ginbuna (hiwara) from Lake Biwa had the chromosome number of 156, consisting of 17 pairs of metacentrics, 31 pairs of submetacentrics and 30 pairs of acrocentrics. The populations of the ginbuna and nagabuna in these regions consisted mostly or almost entirely of females.It was proved from these evidences that the nagabuna and ginbuna with triploid state occur not only in the Kanto district but also in the Hokkaido district and Lake Biwa.These triproid females might be arisen by gynogenesis, as has been reported in the ginbuna obtained from the KantO district by Kobayasi (1971) and Kobayasi and Ochi (1972). [Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112, Japan (H.K.and H.O.);National Science Museum, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160, Japan (N.T.)]

著者

本間 義治

出版者

The Ichthyological Society of Japan

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.4, pp.223-228, 1955

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In this report the author has further more enumerated sixteen unrecorded species of fish with their brief description, which are to be included into ichthyofauna of Province Echigo and Sado Island of the Japan Sea.<BR>Amoung these fish, there are twelve shore fish and tide-pool fish, which were caught by hand net, set net prepared for yellow-tail, gill net for flying fish, and by rod line in the vicinity of Sado Marine Biological Station. For the following asterisk marked six fish, it is considered that the locality is the northern limit for their existence.<BR>1. <I>Cypselurus opisthopus hiraii</I> ABE<BR>2. <I>Cypselurus heterurus d&ouml;derleini</I> (STEINDACHNER)<BR>*3. <I>Iso flos-maris</I> JORDAN et STARKS<BR>*4. <I>Eviota abax abax</I> (JORDAN et SNYDER)<BR>*5. <I>Pterogobius elapoides zonoleucus</I> JORDAN et SNYDER<BR>*6. <I>Aspasma ciconiae</I> JORDAN et FOWLER<BR>7. <I>Echeneis brachypiera</I> LOWE<BR>*8. Tripterygion bapturus (JORDAN et SNYDER)<BR>*9. <I>Dasson trossulus</I> (JORDAN et SNYDER)<BR>10. <I>Azuna emmnion</I> JORDAN et SNYDER<BR>11. <I>Ernogrammus hexagrammus</I> (TEMMINK et SCHLEGEL)<BR>12. <I>Pterophryne ranina</I> (TILESIUS)<BR>The following four species of deep sea bottom fish were caught by motor trawler of the coast of Suizu of Sado Island in middle Japan. They are also the species unrecorded hitherto in this locality.<BR>13. <I>Breviraja smirnovi</I> (SOLDATOV et PAVLENKO)<BR>14. <I>Lumpenus macrops</I> MATSUBARA et OCHIAI<BR>15. <I>Lumpenella nigricans</I> MATSUBARA et OCHIAI<BR>16. <I>Gengea japonica</I> KATAYAMA

著者

上原 匡人 本永 文彦 太田 格 海老沢 明彦 宮岡 勇輝 立原 一憲

出版者

一般社団法人 日本魚類学会

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

2021

---

<p>The Indian mackerel <i>Rastrelliger kanagurta</i> is an important coastal fishery resource for Okinawa Prefecture, southwestern Japan. However, much is still unknown about its life history. The early development, occurrence, sexual maturation, and reproductive cycle of the species was examined from specimens collected from the coastal waters of Okinawa Island, and management of the fishery evaluated. Larvae [3.4 mm notochord length–12.5 mm standard length (SL)] and juveniles (11.4–16.2 mm SL) of <i>R. kanagurta</i> were distinguished from other mackerel species by: 1) numbers of myomeres, 2) absence of spines on the preopercle posterior margins, 3) positional relationship between the upper and lower jaw tips, 4) melanophore pattern, and 5) distribution (allopatric). Both larvae and juveniles occurred in the offshore epipelagic zone of Nakagusuku Bay in May, June, and August, which coincided with the occurrence of high-gonadosomatic value adults in coastal waters. However, specimens were not encountered in extremely shallow coastal areas (e.g., tidal flats), although younger individuals may utilize such the offshore epipelagic zone of the bay, attaining fork lengths (FL) of ca. 8 cm. Individuals mature at ca. 26 cm FL, one year after hatching. <i>R. kanagurta</i> are primarily caught by set net fishery near Okinawa, small (immature) individuals accounting for > 45% of netted individuals in all months, except May and June, during the period from April 1985 to April 1987, and for > 35% of the examined individuals in all months, except June and July, between April 2011 and March 2016. These results for both periods suggest growth overfishing. Accordingly, immature individuals must be conserved to sustain the Okinawan population of <i>R. kanagurta</i>.</p>

著者

本間 義治

出版者

The Ichthyological Society of Japan

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.4, pp.113-120, 1957

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新たに日本産硬骨魚類6種 (マサバ, キハダ, マカジキ, イシダイ, コブダイ, ホテイウオ) の甲状腺を記載し, 更に他の資料を加えて, 硬骨魚類甲状腺の形状や組織構造について議論した。<BR>1.キハダとマカジキの甲状腺の形態は, 夫々既報のマグロとバショウカジキのそれに似ており, 腹動脈上, 第1, 第2入鰓動脈の分岐部に位置して, 前後両葉より成る緻密な軟塊である。<BR>この様な形態の甲状腺は, マサバ, マルソウダ, シイラ, ブリ, ヒラマサなどに見られる。<BR>2.イシダイとコブダイの甲状腺は, 前後両要素の区別が明瞭のまゝ一塊となつており, ホテイウオでは, 完全に一葉から成つている。これ等の事実は, 腹動脈より派生する入鰓動脈の状態に支配されているものと思われる。<BR>3.体重1kg当りの甲状腺重量は, マサバの9.00mgを最低に, ホテイウオの52.5mgを最大とし, 既報の4種を加えた10種類につき平均すると29.07mgとなる。<BR>4.本報した6種の魚類中, 機能亢進の甲状腺組織像を示したのはコブダイのみで, 他の5種はいずれも正常の活動状態にあつたと考えられる。塊状の甲状腺を有つ魚類では, 組織像のみによって機能の状態を正しく判断する事は困難である。

著者

小林 弘 越智 尚子 竹内 直政

出版者

The Ichthyological Society of Japan

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.7-12, 1973-06-20 (Released:2011-02-23)

参考文献数

17

---

Somatic chromosomes of the nigorobuna (C.auratus grandoculis) obtained from Lake Biwa, two local varieties of the nagabuna (C.auratus buergeri) from Lake Suwa and the Hokkaido district, and two local varieties of the ginbuna (C.auratus langsdorfii) from the Okayama Prefecture and Lake Biwa were studied and compared.Chromosome preparations was performed by the same methods previously described (Kobayasi et al., 1970).The results showed that the nigorobuna and nagabuna of Lake Suwa and the ginbuna of the Okayama Prefecture had the same diploid chromosome number of 100.Their karyotypes consisted of 10 pairs of metacentrics, 20 pairs of submetacentrics and 20 pairs of acrocentric elements.There was no morphological difference between the male and female karyotypes. On the other hand, 5 females of the nagabuna collected from the Hokkaido district and 4 females of the ginbuna (hiwara) from Lake Biwa had the chromosome number of 156, consisting of 17 pairs of metacentrics, 31 pairs of submetacentrics and 30 pairs of acrocentrics. The populations of the ginbuna and nagabuna in these regions consisted mostly or almost entirely of females.It was proved from these evidences that the nagabuna and ginbuna with triploid state occur not only in the Kanto district but also in the Hokkaido district and Lake Biwa.These triproid females might be arisen by gynogenesis, as has been reported in the ginbuna obtained from the KantO district by Kobayasi (1971) and Kobayasi and Ochi (1972). [Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112, Japan (H.K.and H.O.);National Science Museum, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160, Japan (N.T.)]

著者

小林 弘 川島 康代 竹内 直政

出版者

The Ichthyological Society of Japan

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.4, pp.153-160, 1970-12-25 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

17

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本研究はコルヒチン処理とair-drying法によりフナ属魚類の体細胞の染色体を観察した.その結果, 金魚, キンブナ, 宮崎系ギンブナ (雄の1個体を除く), ヨーロッパブナ等の染色体数はいずれも100で, 核型分析の結果も一致し, metacentricは10対で20個, submetacentricは20対で40個, acrocentricは20対で40個の染色体よりなり, acrocentricのほぼ5対目の染色体にはsatelliteが認められた.また核学的には雌雄の問では差異は認められなかった.一方関東系ギンブナ30個体中の28個体は染色体数が156で, 核型分析の結果, metacentricが17対で34個, subrnetacentricが31対で62個, acrocentricが30対で60個であった.また残りの2個体では206の染色体数が数えられ, その核型分析の結果は, metacentricに22対で44個, submetacentricに41対で82個, acrocentricに40対で80個の染色体があり, acrocentric中にはsatelliteが認められた.以上の結果より, 関東系ギンブナはフナ属魚類中に生じた3倍体および4倍体に相当するものではないかと考え, これが関東地方のギンブナに雌のみを生ずる原因と関連をもつものではないかと推測した.

著者

淀 太我 井口 恵一朗

出版者

The Ichthyological Society of Japan

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.1, pp.47-54, 2003-05-23 (Released:2011-07-04)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

4

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To elucidate the feeding habits of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu in Japanese inland waters, the stomach contents of fish from Lakes Aoki and Nojiri, Nagano Prefecture, differing in catchment landscape, were analyzed. Specimens were collected from May 2000 to October 2001 in Lake Aoki and from June to December 2000 in Lake Nojiri. Prey importance was estimated from an index of relative importance (IRI, (percent of prey number+percent of prey weight) ×frequency of prey occurrence). The main prey in Lake Aoki were pond smelt (Hypomesus nipponensis) and a cyprinid (Tribolodon hakonensis), and in Lake Nojiri, a shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense) and goby (Rhinogobius sp.). Aquatic and terrestrial insects were also important prey in spring and summer in both lakes. Principal prey changed ontogenetically from small bottom-dwelling an-imals (gobies or aquatic insects) to larger limnetic fish in both lakes. The results suggested that smallmouth bass will have deleterious effects on differing animal groups with growth.

著者

片野 修 馬場 吉弘 河村 功一 大原 均

出版者

一般社団法人 日本魚類学会

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.99-106, 2015-11-05 (Released:2018-03-26)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

3

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Nonbenthic fishes were investigated in 16 rivers in the Chubu and Tohoku regions, into which pale chub Zacco platypus had been introduced. Pale chub coexisted predominantly with Japanese dace Tribolodon hakonensis, followed by ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis, and were abundant in rivers lacking the latter. Although pale chub, ayu, Japanese dace, dark chub Nipponocypris temminckii and Amur minnow Rhynchocypris lagowskii steindachneri all fed on both benthic algae and invertebrates, the percentage of algae in the diet of pale chub was less when ayu were present. However, the population abundance and diet of pale chub were not affected by the other nonbenthic species. Although pale chub and other cyprinids rarely fed on cyanobacteria, a main food item of ayu, pale chub was considered to be negatively affected by ayu through interference, exploitative competition and indirect effects via changes in algal composition.

著者

L.Humphreys Robert Moffitt Robert B. Seki Michael P.

出版者

The Ichthyological Society of Japan

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.357-362, 1989

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ミズワニ科シロワニ属の<I>Odontaspis noronhai</I> はこれまで大西洋からのみ報告されていた (holotypeのものとほとんど同じ歯列をもつインド洋あるいは南シナ海でとれたと思われる一組の顎の報告はある).今回ハワイ島の南西550kmの地点でマグロ延縄にかかつた個体が採集されたので, その測定値と粛列について他海域のものと比較し報告する.標本は北海道大学水産学部に保管されている.

著者

鈴木 寿之 森 誠一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本魚類学会

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.39-43, 2016-04-25 (Released:2018-04-25)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

著者

金澤 光

出版者

日本魚類学会

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.175-178, 2009

著者

杉山 秀樹 森 誠一

出版者

日本魚類学会

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.171-175, 2009

著者

上原 匡人 太田 格 海老沢 明彦 立原 一憲

出版者

一般社団法人 日本魚類学会

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

2021

---

<p>Two closely related, commercially important threadfin breams, <i>Nemipterus furcosus</i> and <i>N. peronii</i>, are an essential coastal fishery resource in Okinawa Prefecture. The age, growth, reproductive cycle, and stomach contents from 124 <i>N. furcosus</i> and 37 <i>N. peronii</i>, obtained from November 2011 to December 2015, were examined, age being assessed from sectioned otoliths and gonadal histology. <i>Nemipterus furcosus</i> and <i>N. peronii</i> were the most abundant threadfin breams in Kin Bay and Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa Island, areas including many coastal tidal flats, where the two species comprised 98.1% of the total number of <i>Nemipterus</i> individuals examined. Overall sex ratios of both species were significantly sex-biased, the apparent lack of transitional gonads implying functional gonochorism. The spawning seasons of both species were estimated as occurring between spring and fall, no immature fishes having been obtained. Age validation using edge-type analyses implied that opaque zones were formed once per year, being valid annual growth increments. Although no intersex differences in maximum length, growth equation, and age range were observed in <i>N. furcosus</i>, <i>N. peronii</i> females were larger and older than males. The greatest ages observed were 4.3 and 7.0 years for <i>N. furcosus</i> and <i>N. peronii</i>, respectively. Both species fed predominantly on crabs, which primarily occupied the inner bays. Over the previous 27 years, the catch per unit effort of <i>Nemipterus</i> has declined in the highly altered environments of Kin and Nakagusuku Bays, suggesting that the decline in the populations of these species at Okinawa Island may be due to coastal fishery practices, environmental decline, and the degradation of suitable habitats. The biological implications for conservation are discussed.</p>

著者

仲谷 一宏 白井 滋

出版者

The Ichthyological Society of Japan

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.37-48, 1992

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1978年から3年間, 沖縄舟状海盆, 九州-パラオ海嶺, 茨城県から青森県に至る本州北部太平洋の陸棚斜面 ("東北沖") および北海道のオホーツク海陸棚斜面 ("オホーツク沖") において大規模な深海魚類調査が実施された.<BR>この中で著者らは軟骨魚類の分類を担当し, 水深200-1, 520mで行われた584回のトロール漁獲物から61種の深海底生性軟骨魚類を確認した.また, これら4調査海域に加え, 尾形他 (1973) による日本海でのトロール結果を含めて軟骨魚類相を検討した結果, 各々の海域が極めて特徴的な深海底生性軟骨魚類相を有することが判明した.沖縄舟状海盆は非常に多様性に富んだ海域で, 多くの分類群に含まれる37種が出現し, 中でもツノザメ科, トラザメ科, ガンギエイ科 (ガンギエイ属) の種が優占した.九州-パラオ海嶺には10種が出現し, その構成は比較的単純で, ツノザメ科の種が多く, ガンギエイ科やギンザメ目の種は出現しなかった.東北沖では18種の比較的多様な軟骨魚類が出現し, ガンギエイ科 (ソコガンギエイ属) の種が最も多く, ツノザメ科の種がこれに次いだ.オホーツク沖では軟骨魚類の構成は単純で, 2科9種が見られ, その大部分がガンギエイ科 (ソコガンギエイ属) の種であった.日本海で見られた深海底生性軟骨魚類はガンギエイ科 (ソコガンギエイ属) のドブカスベ1種で, 他の海域に比較して極めて貧弱な軟骨魚類相であることを再確認した.<BR>これらの深海底生性軟骨魚類の分布は琉球海溝等の超深海や対馬海峡等の浅海域の存在により大きな影響を受けているものと考えられる.また, 多くの種が出現した分類群について日本周辺での分布の特徴を調査した結果, 伊豆半島から南下する巨大な七島・硫黄島海嶺が深海底生性軟骨魚類の分布に大きな影響を与えているものと考えられた.すなわち, 中浅海部を黒潮で覆われた七島・硫黄島海嶺は, 特に北方産の深海底生性軟骨魚類の多くにとって越え難い障壁となっており, さらに, 北方深海底生性の魚類一般についてもこの考えを拡大できる可能性が示唆された.

著者

高村 健二

出版者

The Ichthyological Society of Japan

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.107-114, 2005

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Black bass populations in Japan were examined for haplotypes of the mitochondrial DNA control region. A total of 16 haplotypes were found from specimens representing 47 Japanese populations and five in North America. Ten haplotypes were of largemouth bass, and three each of Florida bass and smallmouth bass. Three clades of largemouth bass haplotypes were identified by the maximum parsimony method, the major clade comprising seven haplotypes including those found in Iowa, Minnesota and Ontario (USA). It ispossible that the haplotypes of this clade in Japan originated from the introduction of fish from Minnesota and Pennsylvania in 1972. One of the remaining clades, comprising a single haplotype and found throughout Japan, may have originated from the introduction of cultured fish from California in 1925. All of the seven largemouth bass haplotypes found in Japan were found in Lake Yamanaka, such haplotype richness reflecting active stockings of largemouth bass from other Japanese freshwaters. Florida bass haplotypes were found only in Lake Biwa, indicating that the haplotypes could function as indicators of future invasion of black bass into other waters with the active transplantation of other commercially valuable fishes from the lake.

著者

阿部 拓三 佐藤 長明

出版者

日本魚學振興會

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.159-163, 2009

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ダンゴウオは、標準体長18mm程度で成熟する小型のダンゴウオ科魚類である。熊本県天草、長崎県野母岬から青森県下北半島までの日本各地、および東シナ海北部から黄海に至る広範囲から採集記録があり、日本周辺の浅海域に広く分布すると考えられる。しかし、本種の繁殖に関する知見はUenoによる成熟雌の卵巣卵の数およびサイズなどに関する若干の記述に限られ、詳しい生態は不明であった。本研究では、宮城県南三陸町志津川湾から得られた繁殖個体をもとに、野外における卵保護習性、産卵基質、一腹卵数、卵径および産卵頻度など、本種の繁殖生態の特徴を報告する。

著者

佐藤 真央 井上 裕太 溝脇 一輝 小林 大純 松尾 怜 外山 太一郎 日比野 友亮

出版者

一般社団法人 日本魚類学会

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, pp.17-22, 2021

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<p>Twelve specimens (71.5–89.9 mm standard length) of the genus <i>Lutjanus</i> (Lutjanidae), collected from Ishigaki-jima Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, southern Japan, were identified as <i>Lutjanus biguttatus</i> (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830), being characterized by the following combination of characters: dorsal fin XI, 12; anal fin III, 8; pectoral rays 15–16; body depth 3.5–3.8 in standard length; preorbital depth 10.8– 16.3 in head length; tongue smooth, without patch of fine granular teeth; a dark longitudinal band from snout to caudal fin base; and two white spots above the lateral line. Dentition of the premaxilla and dentary, including several canine-like (one being long and curved) and many small conical teeth, is illustrated. The collected specimens were determined to be juveniles, due to their coloration matching that of juveniles previously described, in addition to their small body size. Although the coloration of <i>L. biguttatus</i> is similar to that of <i>L. vitta</i> during the juvenile stage, the latter species is distinguished by greater body and preorbital depths. The specimens of the former had been caught in a significantly localized area (in ca. 4 m depth) over several days, indicating the likelihood of their having been schooling, as observed in previous studies of the species. <i>Lutjanus biguttatus</i> is distributed in the Indo-western Pacific, from the Maldives to the Solomon Islands, but had not previously been recorded from Japanese waters. The new standard Japanese name "Futahoshi-fuedai", given in reference to the two white spots above the lateral line in the collected specimens, is proposed.</p>