著者

矢野 一好

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.5, pp.381-394, 1993-10-31

被引用文献数

5

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We summarized the present status of viruses detected in the water system in the human living environment such as sewage, reclaimed water, river water, drinking water, fish and shellfish, and swimming pool water. In addition, the effects of these viruses on human health were discussed based on previous cases of waterborne virus infection and epidemiological data. There are no marked cases of waterborne virus infection in Japan. However, as virus contamination of river water, a source of drinking water, and reclaim from an increase in sewage with advances in urbanization, surveillance of waterborne viruses is needed. We also introduced the present isolation methods of viruses in water. For surveillance of viruses in water, reliable detection methods that can be readily performed in many institutions should be established.

著者

高木 誠司

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.508, pp.457-460, 1924-06-26

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Beim Einleiten eines Gases in eine Flussigkeit je inniger die beiden in Beruhrung kommen, desto schneller, erfolgt die Absorption. Wie aus der Figur ersichtlich, erfullen die vom Verfasser konstruirten Kolben mit Seiten-rohr, welches wie eine Peligotsches Rohr funktionirt, diese Erfordernisse ganz vortrefflich. Beim Gebrauch giesst man in die Flasche so viel Fluissigkeit, als das Niveau etwas hoher als die seitliche Mundung des Kolbens liegt. Wenn das Gas von der Flussigkeit zu begierig absorbiert wird, so steckt man das Ende des Leitungsrohres nicht in die Flussigkeit hinein, wo durch das Zurucksteigen der letzteren vermeiden wird. Im Vergleich mit einem offenen Gefasse verkurzen diese Kolben die Opetationsdauer einer Reaktion ausserordentlich.

著者

原 俊太郎

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.173-174, 1988-02-01

著者

三善 清房

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.246, pp.771-775, 1902-08-26

著者

Nawawi As'ari Ma Chao-mei Nakamura Norio HATTORI Masao KUROKAWA Masahiko SHIRAKI Kimiyasu KASHIWABA Noriaki ONO Minoru

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.3, pp.268-274, 1999-03-15

被引用文献数

3 34

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By screening water and MeOH extracts of 30 Chinese medicinal plants for their anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 activity, a MeOH extract of the root tubers of Stephania cepharantha HAYATA showed the most potent activity on the plaque reduction assay with an IC_<50> value of 18.0 μg/ml. Of 49 alkaloids isolated from the MeOH extract, 17 alkaloids were found to be active against HSV-1,including 13 bisbenzylisoquinoline, 1 protoberberine, 2 morphinane and 1 proaporphine alkaloids, while benzylisoquinoline and hasubanane alkaloids were inactive. Although N-methylcrotsparine was active against HSV-1,as well as HSV-1 thymidine kinase deficient (acyclovir resistant type, HSV-1 TK^-)and HSV-2 (IC_<50> values of 8.3,7.7 and 6.7 μg/ml, respectively), it was cytotoxic. FK-3000 was found to be the most active against HSV-1,HSV-1 TK^- and HSV-2 (IC_<50> values of 7.8,9.9 and 8.7 μg/ml) with in vitro therapeutic indices of 90,71 and 81,respectively. FK-3000 was found to be a promising candidate as an anti-HSV agent against HSV-1,acyclovir (ACV) resistant-type HSV-1 and HSV-2.

著者

小湊 潔

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.11, pp.2198-2200, 1969-11-25

被引用文献数

1

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In the previous paper, scordinin A_1 was isolated from boiled garlic, and it was seemed as the biological active component in garlic. In this paper the constituents of scordinin A_1 were described from the hydrolysis products of scordinin A_1. By acid hydrolysis of scordinin A_1,fructuronic acid was detected, and by garlic enzyme allyl mercaptan was proved. And by hydrolysis with barium hydroxide, one kind of peptide, scormin, was isolated. From the above results, the author presumed that allyl thiofructuronic acid combined with scormin to form scordinin A_1,and on the chemical structure of scormin will be discussed in Part III in this series.

著者

和田 啓爾 石垣 静香 上田 かおり 阪田 正勝 羽賀 正信

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Chem Pharm Bull. (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.3555-3557, 1985

被引用文献数

2

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An antivitamin B_6,4'-methoxypyridoxine (1) was isolated from the seed of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae). The albumen of the seed of G. biloba L., which is called "Gin-nan or Ginkyo", is used as a crude drug in China and as food in Japan. However, in Japan, there have been about 70 reports of "Gin-nan sitotoxism." In this paper, we report that the substance responsible for this sitotoxism is 4'-methoxypyridoxine (1), which is known to have antivitamin B_6 activities. This compound (1) is reported for the first time from natural products.

著者

西部 三省 木下 英弘 武田 秀勝 岡野 五郎

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.6, pp.1763-1765, 1990-06-25

被引用文献数

16

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Ten phenolic compounds, isofraxidin (1), (+)-syringaresinol-di-O-β-D-glucoside (2), syringin (3), chlorogenic acid (4), isofraxidin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (5), 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (6), (+)-pinoresinol-O-β-D-glucoside (7), (+)-syringaresinol-O-β-D-glucoside (8), (+)-pinoresinol-di-O-β-D-glucoside (9), and (+)-medioresinol-di-O-β-D-glucoside (10), were isolated from the stem bark of Acanthopanax senticosus HARMS and identified, respectively.The aquenous extract of the stem bark exhibited a prolonging effect on the exercise time to exhaustion in chronic swimming stressed rats. The effect on the exercise time in the chronic swimming stressed rats was respectively tested for compounds 2 and 4,which are major constituents of the stem bark. As a result, it was indicated that compound 2 is the compound responsible for part of the pharmacological effect which the aqueous extract of the stem bark showed.

著者

シュナイデル アルフレード

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.7, pp.234-239, 1882-06

著者

Tsukiyama Muneo Akaishi Tatsuhiro Ueki Takuro OKUMURA Hidenobu ABE Kazuho

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.11, pp.2063-2068, 2007-11-01

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1 9

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Although the fruit of Nandina domestica THUNBERG (ND) has been used to treat respiratory disorders such as coughing and breathing difficulty in Japan for many years, very little is known about mechanisms underlying its action. In the present study, we investigated effects of the crude extract from ND (NDE) and one of its constituents, nantenine, on contractile responses in isolated guinea pig tracheal ring preparations. In normal experimental condition, guinea pig trachea remained tonically contracted during the resting state, and addition of NDE (1 mg/ml) caused a relaxation of tracheal smooth muscles, but had little effect on the responsiveness of trachea to acetylcholine. The basal, tonic contraction was abolished by the presence of atropine and indomethacin. In this condition, NDE at 0.1—1 mg/ml inhibited histamine-induced contraction in both competitive and non-competitive manners. NDE at 0.01—1 mg/ml inhibited serotonin-induced contraction in a competitive manner. Nantenine (2—20 μM) did not affect histamine-induced contraction, and slightly inhibited serotonin-induced contraction. These results suggest that NDE has inhibitory effects on tracheal smooth muscle contraction, and nantenine cannot account solely for this effect of NDE.

著者

Harinantenaina Liva Tanaka Michi Takaoka Shigeru ODA Munehiro MOGAMI Orie UCHIDA Masayuki ASAKAWA Yoshinori

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.7, pp.1017-1021, 2006-07-01

被引用文献数

4 150

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Bioguided fractionation of the methanol extract of Momordica charantia dried gourds led to the isolation of three new cucurbitane triterpenoids (1-3), together with eight known compounds (4-11). The aglycone of momordicoside I was isolated from the ether soluble fraction in a high amount. The structures of the metabolites were established on the basis of one and two dimensional NMR spectroscopic evidence, X-ray analysis, and comparison with the reported data in the literature. A number of phytochemicals have been isolated from Momordica charantia but the constituents responsible for the hypoglycaemic/antihyperglycaemic activities have not been determined. Therefore, in order to evaluate the contribution of the cucurbitane triterpenoids of the ether fraction of M. charantia methanol extract to in vivo anti-diabetic effects, the major compounds, 5β,19-epoxy-3β,25-dihydroxycucurbita-6,23(E)-diene (4), and 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al(5) have been tested and have shown blood hypoglycaemic effects in the diabetes-induced male ddY mice strain at 400 mg/kg. The two aglycones of charantin did not show any hypoglycaemic effects. Our finding is the first demonstration that major pure cucurbutanoid compounds of M. charantia have in vivo hypoglycaemic effects.

著者

斎藤 慎一

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, no.10, pp.771-784, 2005-10-01

被引用文献数

3

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In this review we report our development and applications of the highly selective cycloaddition reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons such as conjugated enynes, electron-deficient allenes, and electron-deficient methylenecyclopropanes in the presence of nickel and palladium catalysts. Homocoupling reactions as well as co-cyclization reactions proceed with high atom economy, which is an attractive feature of these reactions. The efficient synthesis of 4-7 membered carbocycles was achieved.

著者

西沢 麦夫 山田 英俊

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.8, pp.867-872, 1993-08-01

被引用文献数

1

著者

今井 孝司 貴志 豊和 井上 博之 西山 信好 斎藤 洋

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.108, no.6, pp.572-585, 1988

被引用文献数

11 6

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Effects of iridoid glycosides on sex- and learning-behaviours induced by chronic"hanging stress"in mice, were studied. Drugs at a dose of 50 mg/kg were given orally every day after the exposure to stress. Geniposide and geniposidic acid showed a protective effect against decrease in sex behaviours, acceleration of extinction of memory, increase in failure of retrieval of memory, decrease of rectal temperature and enlargement of adrenal gland induced by the exposure to stress. Genipin showed a protective effect against decrease in licking, acceleration of extinction of memory, increase in failure of retrieval of memory and enlargement of adrenal gland, but promoted decrease in rectal temperature. Monotropein and gardenoside showed a weak protective effect against decrease in sex behaviours and acceleration of extinction of memory. Catalpol, aucubin and mussaenoside showed a weak protective effect against acceleration of extinction of memory, and mussaenoside showed an additional protective effect against increase in failure of retrieval of memory and decrease in rectal temperature.

著者

飯田 耕太郎 LEUENBERGER Hans FUEG Lise-Marie Muller-WALZ Rudi 檀上 和美

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.119, no.10, pp.752-762, 1999-10-01

被引用文献数

5

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Most often dry powder for inhalation are formulated as ordered mixtures of a carrier excipient and a micronized drug substance. In the present study, model powder blends were prepared from a mixture of lactose α-monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose pellets or synthesized sugar as carrier particles, and micronized salbutamol sulfate (SS). These ordered mixtures were aerosolized by the multidose JAGO dry powder inhaler (DPI) and their in vitro deposition properties were evaluated by a twin impinger (TI). The separation force between SS particles and carrier particles was investigated by the centrifuge method. In addition, the use of the air jet sieve (AJS) method was investigated to assess the separation behavior of drug particles from carrier excipient. Powder blends were sieved through a 325 mesh wire screen of an air jet sieve at an air pressure of 1500 Pa. The amount of drug deposited at the carrier surface was analysed before and after the sieving to calculate the percentage of the drug retained. A relationship was found between in vitro deposition properties (fine particle fraction, FPF) and the separation characteristics obtained by the centrifuge method and by the AJS method. The AJS method might be a suitable alternative for evaluating separation of a drug particle from carrier particles and hence can be used for the formulation screening of the dry powder inhalation.

著者

佐藤 捨三郎

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.361, pp.217-241, 1912-03-26

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曩ニ内務省東京衛生試驗所ニ奉職中東京市内ノ混砂米及之カ淘洗米ニ就テ試驗セシ結果假令混砂米ト雖トモ水洗宜シキヲ得レハ砂粉ヲ附着スルノ虞ナク從テ衛生上何等障害ナキヲ報告セリ當時精米業者ハ玄米搗精ノ目的ヲ以テ珪酸及其當時ヨリナレル早搗粉(俗ニ荒粉ト云フ)ノ少量ヲ加フルノミニテ他ニ何物ヲモ混セサルモノト信セシガ其後京都府ニ轉任シ當市ニ於ケル精米業者ヲ觀ルニ彼等ノ多クハ搗精ノ目的ヲ以テ使用スル荒粉ハ極メテ少量ナルニ反シ増量若クハ化装用トシテ土粉(俗ニ青本粉ト云フ)又ハ石粉ト稱スル粉末ノ多量ヲ混シ以テ不正ノ利ヲ貪リツ、アルヲ知レリ故ニ當府ニ於テハ昨年市内販賣店ヨリ收去セル混砂米百九十六種ニ就キ試驗ヲ遂ケシ結果灰分ノ量無水物レシテ一プロセント」以上ノモノハ混砂ノ量多キモノト認メ警察犯處罰令ニ據リ相當取締ヲ加フルコト、ナセリ

著者

今井 一洋

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.11, pp.901-917, 2003-11-01

参考文献数

173

被引用文献数

1 13

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分析化学の本質は物質の検出にある.分析化学が方法に関する学問であり,多くの自然科学に横断的な方法について考える学問であるとすれば,物質の検出法に関する問題は分析化学で最も真剣に取り上げなければならない.一方で,検出の確実性はその検出の量的再現性によって検証される.ある研究者が得た結果を,他者が追試して量的に同じ結果が得られれば,その検出の妥当性が保証されるのである.分析化学で取り扱う検出には,定量と言う概念が絶えず付随しているものである.ある物質が天然に純粋な形で存在することは極めて稀である.特に生命科学の分野では,多くは他の物質と共存して存在している.したがって,その物質の検出のためには他の類似物質との識別が必要となる.物質の検出にはその物質の出す信号を捉えることが多い.その物質の信号と共存物質の発する信号(雑音)とを識別する必要がある.信号には種々の種類があり,それを捉えるための方法も数多くある.例えば放射能を出す物質を検出するには,その放射能を捉えればよい.非放射性の他の共存物質と識別でき,雑音ゼロの状態で高感度(信号/雑音比が大きい)に検出できる.しかし,共存物質も放射性物質であれば,信号と雑音とを識別できず,目的物質を検出できない.そこでそれらを除くか,分離するか,あるいは目的物質を取り出す必要がある.すなわち,物質を分離する方法が必要である.分析化学の取り扱う検出では,分離を伴わない検出は稀である.以上を概念図として示.した.筆者は生命現象を分析化学的に捉えるにはどうしたらよいかを考えてきた.生命は生体が恒常性維持機能を働かせることにより維持されている.筆者はこの維持機能に関わる生体分子を検出し,その変動を量的に捉えることにより生命現象を理解しようと考えた.生体には無数の分子が存在している.しかも,平常状態の生体は維持機能を絶えず微妙に働かせて平衡状態を保っているため,関連生体分子の変動は微小であり,数多くの共存生体分子の中からその分子のみを捉えることは容易ではない.従来の物質の検出法・分離法を十分利用するにしても,これらのみに頼っていては研究が進まないことが分かった.そこで以下のような方策を考えた.それは,生体の恒常性維持機能の及ぶ範囲内で生体に連続的に負荷を懸けると,それに抵抗する生体の反応が連続的に起こり,その結果として関連生体分子が連続的に増量し,周囲から浮かび上がって見えるようになる.そのような状態になれば関連生体分子のみを捉えられるであろうというものである.すなわち,ここでは共存生体分子が雑音であり,関連生体分子を信号と見なすと分かり易い.言うまでもなく,この生体分子を他の共存分子と分離して検出・定量するのである.この手法を種々の恒常性維持機能,例えば,血圧維持機能や血糖値維持機能に適用すれば,生命現象の一端が理解できるであろう.さらには,生体恒常性維持機能の変質として理解される病態,例えば高血圧や糖尿病と生体分子の動態との関連把握,それらに基づく治療,ひいては予防もできるのではないかと思われた.本論文は,生体分子の検出・分離・定量のための方法の開発と生体試料への適用,及び前述した生体恒常性維持機能の新しい側面からの研究について述べたものである.検出法としては,信号に対し雑音の少ないとされる光分析法(蛍光検出法,化学発光検出法)を取り上げ,分離・定量法としては高性能分離が期待される高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)を取り上げて検討した.

著者

MINH DUC Nguyen THOI NHAM Nguyen 笠井 良次 伊藤 優子 山崎 和男 田中 治

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.11, pp.2010-2014, 1993-11-15

被引用文献数

6

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From rhizomes and roots of Panax vietnamensis HA et GRUSHV., Araliaceae, commonly known as Vietnamese Ginseng, two new acetylated saponins named vina-ginsenoside-R1 (13) and vina-ginsenoside-R2 (15) were isolated. On the basis of chemical and spectral data, 13 was formulated as monoacetyl 24(S)-pseudo-ginsenoside-F_<11> and 15 was proved to be monoacetyl majonoside-R2.Besides the two new saponins and β-sitosteryl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, sixteen known saponins were also isolated and identified. Dammarane saponins : ginsenoside-Rh_1 and 20(R)-ginsenoside-Rh_1 (1), ginsenosides-Rg_1 (2), -Re (3), -Rd(6), -Rb_3 (7), -Rb_2 (8), -Rb_1 (9), pseudo-ginsenoside-RS_1 (=monoacetyl ginsenoside-Re, 4), notoginsenosides-R1 (5) and -Fa (10). Ocotillol-type saponins : pseudo-ginsenoside-RT_4 (11), 24(S)-pseudo-ginsenoside-F_<11> (12), majonosides-R1 (16) and -R2 (14). Oleanolic acid saponins : ginsenoside-Ro (=chikusetsusaponin V, 17) and hemsloside-Ma3 (18), a saponin previously isolated from a cucurbitaceous plant, Hemsleya macrosperma C. Y. WU.Despite having large horizontally elongated rhizomes, the underground part of this plant contains mainly dammarane saponins and a small amount of oleanolic acid saponins. In addition, the yield of ocotillol-type saponins, especially majonoside-R2,is surprisingly very high (more than 5% and ca. half of the total yield of saponin). This characteristic saponin composition has made Vietnamese Ginseng an interesting species among Panax spp.

著者

大橋 一智 里中 勝人 山本 哲郎 山崎 正利 木村 貞夫 安部 茂 山口 英世

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.113, no.5, pp.396-399, 1993-05-25

被引用文献数

10

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The antitumor activity of a preparation of heat-killed cells of Enterococcus faecalis, FK-23. Intraperitoneal injection of the preparation prolonged the lifespan of C3H/He N mice which were intraperitoneally inoculated with MM46 mammary carcinoma. Not only intraperitoneal but also oral administration of the FK-23 preparation inhibited the growth of these carcinomas inoculated intradermally. The tumor-bearing mice produced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in their sera 2 h after intravenous injection of OK432. This TNF level increased after the mice were fed with food supplemented with the FK-23 preparation. Additionally, the FK-23 preparation inhibited the growth of Meth A fibrosarcoma in cyclophosphamide-treated BALB/c mice.

著者

池口 慶三

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.270, pp.685-690, 1904-08-26