著者

小林 弘美 小松 順子

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.5, pp.508-511, 1983-05-25

被引用文献数

5

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Two glucosides were isolated from the whole plant of Cistanche salsa (C.A. MZY.) G. BECK and their structures were established as 8-hydroxygeraniol-1-β-D-glucopyranoside, a new monoterpene glucoside, and 8-epiloganic acid on the basis of chemical and spectral data.

著者

秋山 高 河村 太郎 富田 基郎 武田 明治

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.12, pp.1137-1142, 1979-12-01

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戦後, 我々の日常生活が豊かになるにつれ, 工業生産が増大しましたが, 反面, 我々の日常生活や生産活動に由来した廃棄物による種々の汚染が社会問題化してきました.社会的要求の変化に伴い, 社会科学の一のである薬学も質的変化を来し, 薬学領域における衛生薬学の比重が飛躍的に増大してきました.今日は, 広い衛生薬学のうちでも一応公衆衛生の分野を中心として, これからの衛生薬学のあり方につきお話を伺いたいと思います.

著者

浮島 美之 秋元 宣子 成田 弘子 石川 雅章 藤井 貴野 木野 正彦 山脇 正樹 岡田 昌二

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.5, pp.339-346, 1989-10-31

被引用文献数

1

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To identify the species of mushrooms mainly for the distinction of poisonous mushrooms from edible ones, thin layer isoelectric focusing analysis was applied on their water-soluble proteins. 1. The electrophoretic profiles were species-specific. The proteins extracted from the cap and stem in a species gave essentially identical profiles. 2. The profiles of cap proteins of 10 individuals of Akamomitake (Lactarius deliciosus) were indifferent, indicating that the intra-species variation of water-soluble proteins was little. 3. The heat treatment at higher than 60℃, for 10 min, of the water-soluble proteins of Dokutsurutake (Amanita virosa) caused temperature-dependent disappearance of protein bands, while not significant change up to 60℃. 4. The values of pI and relative peak height of isoelectro-focused water-soluble protein bands were numerically expressed. These numerical values were species-specific, indicating that mushroom species might be identified by analyzing the water-soluble proteins with a verification of the tables of these numerical values. 5. The present method was applied for the identification of poisonous Kusaurabenitake (Rhodophyllus rhodopolius) mixed in Urabenihoteishimeji (Rhodophyllus crassipes) which caused a food poisoning incident. The former mushroom was satisfactorily identified by this method.

著者

油井 聡 三上 正彰 三巻 祥浩 指田 豊 山崎 正利

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.121, no.2, pp.167-171, 2001-02-01

被引用文献数

22

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We previously demonstrated that Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, lycorine and lycoricidinol, inhibit induction of apoptosis by calprotectin derived from neutrophils, and that the latter alkaloid showed suppression in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model. These findings suggest that the alkaloids have a modulating activity against inflammatory reaction. To explore further the mechanism of the suppression for inflammation, we studied the effect of the alkaloids on macrophage tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α) production in vitro, since TNF-α is recognized as a pivotal cytokine to regulate inflammation. As a result of this study, lycorine and lycoricidinol inhibited TNF-α production of murine macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide(ID_<50> were 0.2μg/ml and 0.002μg/ml, respectively). The inhibition was also observed in macrophages treated by Gram-positive bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis. Both lycorine and lycoricidinol reportedly have inhibitory activity for protein biosynthesis. Although the inhibition of TNF-α production by lycoricidinol was mainly due to the inhibition of protein biosynthesis, lycorine showed inhibition against TNF-α prodictuon at lower concentrations than the case that they inhibited ^<35>S-Cysteine/^<35>S-Methionine incorporation into macrophages. These facts sugges that the inhibition of TNF-α production is not due to the inhibitory activity against protein translation at least at lower concentrations. From these results, it was concluded that these alkaloids exert inhibitory effects not only on neutrophil apoptosis-inducing protein, calprotectin, but also on macrophage TNF-α production.

著者

二改 俊章 小森 由美子 杉原 久義

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.120, no.4, pp.315-327, 2000-04-01

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Venom samples were corrected from several poisonous snakes, such as Bungarus multicinctus, Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus, T. gramineus, T. flavoviridis, and Agkistrodon acutus, and stored in a desiccator at room temperature for 25 to 31 years. Then they were compared with fresh venoms as to their biological activities. The characteristic local symptoms produced by the bite of venomous snakes of Crotalidae and Viperidae are hemorrhage, necrosis and muscular degeneration. Hemorrhagic toxins were purified from Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus, Crotalus ruber ruber, Vipera aspis aspis, and Agkistrodon acutus venoms and their biological, biochemical, and pathological properties were investigated. Arginine ester hydrolases are present in the venoms of Crotalidae and Viperidae, but are not found in the venoms of Elapidae and Hydrophiidae. In this paper we describe the enzymatic and biological activities of arginine ester hydrolases from a Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus venom.

著者

中嶋 暉躬

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.4, pp.309-314, 2006-04-01

著者

富田 真雄

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, 1979-01-01

著者

松田 秀秋 久保 道徳

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.12, pp.p1269-1277, 1983-12

被引用文献数

4

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The antithrombic activities of 70% methanol extract (I) obtained from Korean red ginseng (root of Panax ginseng C.A. MEYER) were evaluated in the models of experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) induced by endotoxin or thrombin in rats, and in the in vitro models of blood platelet aggregation, agglutination of fibrinogen and activation of fibrinolytic system. In the coagulative system, I prevented the exchanges of values of clinical examination (blood platelet, fibrinogen and prothrombin time) at a dose of 500 mg/kg in rats on DIC induced by endotoxin or thrombin. I also inhibited the formation of fibrin thrombi in the renal glomeruli on the thrombin-induced DIC in rats. In the fibrinolytic system, I was found to show fibrinolytic activity in rats as determined by the euglobulin lysis time (ELT) assay. In the in vitro experiments, incubation of I in the plasminogen-containing fibrin plate promoted activation of urokinase action.

著者

Maeda Takuya Manabe Yuki Yamamoto Masashi YOSHIDA Munehiro OKAZAKI Kiyo NAGAMUNE Hideaki KOURAI Hiroki

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.7, pp.1020-1023, 1999-07-15

被引用文献数

18

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Potent new biocides against both bacteria and fungi, 4,4'-(1,6-hexamethylenedioxydicarbonyl)bis(1-alkylpyridinium iodide)s (4DOCBP-6,n) (alkyl chain length, n=8,10,12,14,16 and 18) were synthesized. 4DOCBP-6,n is bis-quaternary ammonium compound (bis-QAC) and has a symmetrical dimeric structure which is composed of two alkylpyridinium iodides connected with a hexamethylenedioxydicarbonyl chain. 4DOCBP-6,10 and 4DOCBP-6,12 exhibited wide and effective antimicrobial spectra, compared with those of typical bactericides, N-dodecylpyridinium iodides (P-12) and benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride (BAC), or a popularly-used fungicide, 2-(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole (TBZ). Their superior properties would be due to the unique dimeric structure which contains two active moieties in a molecule.

著者

Liu Ke-Xin Kato Yukio Kaku Tai-ichi SUGIYAMA Yuichi

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.44-49, 1998-01-15

被引用文献数

3 51

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The effect of human placental extract (HPE) on liver regenaration in rats was investigated. After intravenous administration of HPE to α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-intoxicated rats, the labeling index in hepatocytes was significantly increased to a level 16.5 times higher than that of the control. A 1/500 dilution of HPE directly stimulated DNA synthesis of the hepatocytes in primary culture. HPE heated at 121℃ did not stimulate the labeling index in vivo or hepatocyte DNA synthesis in primary culture, suggesting that HPE contains heatunstable but potent mitogens for hepatocytes. HPE contains hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), but the mitogenic effect of HPE cannot be explained by the effect exerted by HGF alone, since both the labeling index in vivo and hepatocellular DNA synthesis in vitro stimulated by HPE were much higher than those stimulated by HGF alone when the applied doses of HGF were set to be almost the same level between each case. When HPE was fractionated on a heparin-sepharose column, the mitogenic effect of HPE was found to be located mainly in the heparin-bound fraction. Hepatocyte DNA synthesis induced by this fraction was enhanced cooperatively by the heparin-unbound fraction, suggesting that there are some modulators in the heparin-unbound fraction which enhance the proliferative activity of the heparin-bound fraction by a synergetic mechanism. Both HPE and heated HPE completely recovered the biochemical marker activity for liver function (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, GPT;alkaline phosphatase, ALP; lactate dehydrogenase, LAP; γ-glutamyltransferase, γ-GTP activities and the bilirubin concentration) almost to the control level in the serum of ANIT-intoxicated rats, indicating that HPE also contains a heat-stable fraction which repairs liver function.

著者

奥井 登美子 川瀬 清 永井 恒司

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.12, pp.997-1002, 1978-12-01

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薬学は幸せを求める人類の要求に応えるために生まれた学問である.したがって, 人間社会に役立たない存在となったときには生命を失なうはずのものであろう.現在の薬学が社会に役立たないものとなっているとは思わない.だからこそ, 薬科大学が栄え, 薬剤師会・薬学会が発展をとげているのであろう.しかし, 薬学の分化・高度化が進むと, とかく社会との関りの深さが忘れがちになる.18世紀から19世紀にかけてのノーベル賞級の化学の発見はいずれも町の薬局から生まれた.ある意味では, 社会と薬学は密接に結びついていた.技術革新の進んだ今日では, どのような様式によって, 薬学と社会を強く結びつけていくのがよいのだろうか.

著者

早石 修

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.6, pp.539-541, 2006-06-01

著者

白井 寿海 十川 清己 山本 和充 児島 健次 藤岡 弘 牧田 浩和 中村 康彦

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.172-177, 1993

被引用文献数

7 40

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In order to prepare fine granules of sparfloxacin (SPFX), a new quinolone anti-bacterial drug that shows masking of the bitter taste of SPFX and dissolutes at a rapid rate, various film-coated fine granules containing 20% SPFX and 0-52% low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose(L-HPC) in the cores, were prepared by a spray method. Mixtures of ethylcellulose (EC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), titanium dioxide and sucrose stearate in weight ratios of X : Y : 2 : 1 (X+Y=6) were used as film materials.The degree of masking of the bitter taste by water-insoluble film, mainly consisting of EC and HPMC, increased by increasing the content ratio of EC to HPMC and the amount of films, but was also slightly affected by the amount of L-HPC in the cores, which were coated with either EC or EC/HPMC (4/2). On the other hand, the dissolution rate increased with an increased amount of L-HPC in the cores and with a decreasing ratio of EC to HPMC in the films. Increasing the amount of L-HPC in the cores, which induced a considerable expansion of the fine granules owing to their taking up of water from the dissolution medium, resulted in burstin of the film after a short lag time. The bioavailability of the film-coated fine granules containing 20% SPFX and 52% L-HPC in the cores and 10% EC/HPMC (4/2) in the coating film, which masked the bitter taste of SPFX and showed the optimal release characteristics, was equivalent to that of conventional tablets containing 100 mg SPFX in beagle dogs.

著者

中室 嘉祐

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.199-200, 1983-02-01

著者

塚田 司郎 出村 礼子 山本 郁男

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.85-90, 1984-04-30

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Fluorometric determination for hydrogen peroxide based on the formation of thiochrome was studied. Thiochrome is oxidation product of thiamine and gives intense fluorescence. Though bromine cyanide or pottasium ferricyanide has been generally used as oxidizing agent of thiamine, it was proved that hydrogen peroxide was useful as oxidizing agent. Then, hydrogen peroxide can be determined from the quantity of produced thiochrome. The analytical procedure was as follows ; to a sample solution containing a proper quantity of hydrogen peroxide, 1 ml of thiamine (30μg/ml), peroxidase (10 units/ml), and sodium hydroxide solution (20%) were added. The mixture was stood for 30 minutes at room temperature and saturated with sodium sulfate. Ten ml of isobutanol was further added and shaken to extract thiochrome produced here. Fluorescence intensity of the separated isobutanol after treatment with sodium sulfate was measured (λEx ; 375 nm, λEm ; 430 nm). The calibration curve was linear up to H_2O_2 0.2μg/tube. On the basis of the proposed method, remaining hydrogen peroxide in Japanese noodle (udon) could be determined with the recovery of 90.6% and coefficient of variation of 1.1%.

著者

DEMURA REIKO TSUKADA SHIRO SHIGA KIMIKO YAMAMOTO IKUO

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.219-225, 1986-06-30

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A fluorometric determination of H_2O_2 based on the formation of amprochrome was developed. Amprochrome is an oxidation product of amprolium, an agent used for treating coccidiosis of chickens, and has a strong fluorescence. Though potassium ferricyanide has been used for oxidizing amprolium, H_2O_2 is also considered to be useful for the reaction. The analytical procedure was as follows. To a sample solution containing a suitable quantity of H_2O_2,1 ml of amprolium (500 μg/ml), NaOH (10%) and peroxidase solution (20 units/ml) were added. The mixture was shaken for 45 min at room temperature and amprochrome produced was extracted with 10 ml of isoBuOH after saturating the solution with sodium sulfate. Relative fluorescence intensity of the separated isoBuOH layer was measured (excitation wavelength 400 nm and emission wavelength 460 nm) against that of 10^<-6>M quinine sulfate in 0.1 N H_2SO_4. The calibration plot was linear up to H_2O_2 0.2 μg/tube. On the basis of the proposed method, remaining H_2O_2 in Japanese noodles (udon) could be determined with a recovery of 82.4-108%.

著者

成橋 和正 野村 政明 亀井 浩行 小野 俊介 松下 良 清水 栄 横川 弘一 山田 清文 鈴木 永雄 宮本 謙一 木村 和子

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.11, pp.973-980, 2003-11-01

被引用文献数

13 16

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従来の薬学教育における臨床教育の不足から,多くの薬学系大学院博士前期課程(修士課程)に薬剤師免許取得後の大学院生を対象とした臨床系の専攻やコースが設立されてきている.金沢大学でも,薬学研究科(現:自然科学研究科)に臨床薬学教育を主眼に置いた医療薬学専攻が平成8年に設立され,国立大学としては早期であった.本学医療薬学専攻では,薬剤師免許取得者を対象とし,臨床現場で指導的役割を果たす高度な薬剤師の養成および次世代の医療薬学教育研究に携わる人材の育成を教育理念としている.このため,医療薬学専攻の学生に対して医療現場の実習を通じて医療を担うものとしての自覚を深めさせるとともに,自然科学の素養を身に付けることを求めている.具体的な教育目標は,医療人としての倫理観の醸成,医療の専門家として健康と疾病に関する知識獲得,薬物治療に起因する問題の同定・評価・解決,ならびに,コミュニケーションに関する知識・技術の習得,さらには,関連分野における高い研究・開発能力を発展させることである.このため,発足当初は,入学初期の集中講義,1か月の市内保険薬局での薬局実習,6か月の本学医学部附属病院薬剤部での実務実習を行い,1年間を課題研究期間としていた.講義は学部教育に引き続き,基礎自然科学系科目が大半であり,臨床現場での実習との非関連性が学生からも指摘されていた.また,半年間の実習後に修士の学位論文の一部として病院実務実習篇の作成や口頭発表が要求されていたために,実質的な実務実習は,時間的に極めて限られていた.実務実習を終えたあとの課題研究は,医療薬学専攻ならびに生命薬学専攻に属する各研究室で行っていたことから,必ずしも臨床に近いものではなかった.さらに,学生が就職するのは実習終了後1年を経過した後であり,就職直前の学生から実務に対する不安がでたり,就職直後に修了生や雇用者から実習経験が薬剤師として十分に活かせていないとの声が聞かれた.このような問題点を踏まえて,平成13年度に医療薬学専攻のカリキュラムの改善を図った.医療薬学に対する幅広い知識を深めさせるため,臨床系講義科目を充実させた.この変更では,薬物治療の科学的基礎とともに,看護,倫理,心理,国際など,医療に関連する人文・社会系分野も開講し,受講する学生の講義科目数が増加した.また,実習に関しては,継続性や充実性を考慮し,実務実習期間を1年に延長した.最初の2か月間は薬剤師業務全般の集中的な導入実習として,6人ずつ4グループに分かれ,調剤部門(一般調剤・注射薬調剤,2週間),製剤部門(一般製剤・無菌調剤,1週間),薬剤管理指導部門(医薬品情報・医薬品管理・TDM,1週間:病棟業務,4週間)を行う.その後は学生1人に対し指導薬剤師1人というマンツーマン形式の個別指導とし,薬剤師職能の病棟の薬剤管理指導を中心の実習としている.これに対し,医療薬学専攻の各教官も3名程度の学生を担当し,面接などにより実習の進捗状況を把握するとともに,専門分野に応じた指導も担当している.しかしながら,実習(実務)の大部分は指導薬剤師により行われており,個別指導であるため学生全体としての質の評価や,問題点の抽出は行いにくい.そこで,この新カリキュラムによる講義の理解度や実習の達成度について,visual analog scale(VAS)を用いて,学生と指導薬剤師による評価を試みた.また,この評価結果から,新カリキュラムの問題点などについて考察することとした.

著者

Minematsu Tsuyoshi Ohtani Hisakazu Sato Hitoshi IGA Tatsuji

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.12, pp.1341-1346, 1999-12-15

被引用文献数

1 7

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Recently, several reports of clinical cases of QT prolongation and torsades de pointes, associated with the use of tacrolimus (FK506), have come to light. We have previously demonstrated FK506-induced QT prolongation in guinea pigs [Minematsu T., et al., Life Sci., 65,PL197-PL202 (1999)]. We now examined the relationship between QTc prolongation and the pharmacokinetics of FK506 in guinea pigs, in order to evaluate the arrhythmogenicity of FK506 when compared with that of quinidine sulfate (QND). Thus, dose-response relationships for FK506 (0.01 or 0.1 mg/h/kg) or QND (30 mg/h/kg) were investigated during and after intravenous infusion and also following intravenous bolus administration of FK506 (0.2mg/kg). The dose-response relationship between plasma drug concentration and QTc prolongation for FK506 and QND were subsequently analyzed using an effect compartment model. The pharmacodynamic parameters thus obtained were as follows : k_<E0> 2.72×10^<-4> (min^<-1>), E_<max> 27.1 (ms), EC_<50> 0.376 (ng/ml) for FK506; and k_<E0> 0.148 (min^<-1>), K 8.41 (ms・ml/μg) for QND. The anti-clockwise hysteresis observed for FK506-induced QT prolongation was successfully analyzed by the present pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model, which may provide a rational basis for developing a clinical dosing regimen to avoid possible QT prolongation induced by FK506.

著者

小磯 邦子 中島 修 松村 大輔 藤本 康之 橋本 祐一

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 = Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.120, no.1, pp.104-112, 2000-01-01

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Human myeloid leukemia K562 cells can be induced to differentiate to mature cells bidirectionary, i.e., hemin induces erythroid differentiation, while 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) induces differentiation to monocytes. The differentiation-inducing activity of various hemin-related compounds suggested certain structural requirements for the activity : 1) the iron moiety of hemin is not essential, and 2) the propionic acid side chains of hemin play an important role in the differntiation and induction. In addition, we have examined the influence of some bioresponsemodifying factors on hemin/protoporphyrin IX-induced differentiation of K562 cell line. Retinoids and tubulindisruptors, themselves did not induce differentiation, enhanced hemin/protoporphyrin IX-induced differentiation of K562 cells. We also examined the possible involvement of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) in hemin/protoporphyrin IX-induced differentiation on K562 cell lines. The PBR specific ligands modified hemin-induced differentiation. These results suggest a requirement for retinoids (or retinoids-like cofactors) for hemin/protoporphyrin IX-induced differentiation of K562 cells and the involvement of PBR in erythroid differentiation of K562 cell line. Further we showed that TPA suppresses hemin-induduced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells, while retinoids augment it. TPA is a potent inducer of heme oxygenase (HO), which catabolizes heme to biliverdin. An HO inhibitor, tin protoporphyrin (SnPP), suppresses TPA-induced K562 cell differentiation to monocytes. It was also found that cotreatment of K562 cells with SnPP and TPA induces erythroid differentiation of K562 cells, though SnPP alone or TPA alone does not induce erythroid differentiation, suggesting a role of HO in the directional switch of differentiation.

著者

遠藤 浩良 石井 永 野口 衛 山崎 幹夫

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.9, pp.741-746, 1978-09-01

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