著者

古川 雅英 赤田 尚史 卓 維海 郭 秋菊 楢崎 幸範 床次 眞司

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.4, pp.306-312, 2005 (Released:2007-01-12)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2

---

In order to investigate the characteristics on natural radioactivity of loess, desert sand and eolian dust origin soil distributed in East Asia, analyses for 238U, 232Th and 40K concentrations by ICP-MS and ICP-AES, and for major chemical composition, SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, etc., by XRF have been performed on 48 samples collected from the wide area of China and three prefectures of Japan. The results for loess samples indicated that the concentrations of natural radioactive elements and major chemical composition are almost homogeneous over Chinese Loess Plateau. Also the results suggested that the basic material of the red soils developed on Quaternary limestone in Okinawa prefecture, southwestern part of Japan, is not weathering residual from the base rock, but the eolian dust from the high background radiation area in the southeastern part of China. These observations could give important keys to understand the origin place of the eolian dust in East Asia during the Quaternary.

著者

奥田 知明 榎本 太吉

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.29-34, 2019-03-20 (Released:2019-04-09)

参考文献数

19

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Characteristics of the elemental composition were investigated for PM10 samples at four sites in Noumea, New Caledonia, where health effects due to nickel production activities such as mining and refining were concerned. The concentration of nickel in the aerosol sample collected in New Caledonia was approximately the same level in Japan while those of other elements were lower in comparing to Japan. Enrichment factor of nickel in aerosol in New Caledonia was approximately 250 which was about 20 times greater than that in Japan. The reasons for this were thought to be (1) influence of soil particles that have relatively higher nickel content from surrounding sampling site, and (2) influence of emission from nickel smelter near the sampling site; however, there was no clear evidence to prove them. Alternatively, the nickel-enriched particles, which were generated as a result of nickel production activities such as a refinement of laterite-nickel ore, could be contributed as a potential source of the aerosol in this area.

著者

東 朋美 神林 康弘 藤村 政樹 大倉 徳幸 吉崎 智一 中西 清香 西條 清史 早川 和一 小林 史尚 道上 義正 人見 嘉哲 中村 裕之

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.S1, pp.s212-s217, 2014-02-20 (Released:2014-04-01)

参考文献数

33

---

The frequency and scale of Asian dust events have increased rapidly in East Asia since 2000. In connection with this, the effects of Asian dust (kosa) on human health, especially on allergic diseases, are major concern in Japan. We herein discuss the effects of kosa on allergic diseases, including asthma, chronic cough and Japanese cedar pollinosis. Epidemiological studies, as well as experimental studies, have demonstrated the association between kosa and the exacerbation of asthma and allergic diseases.The kosa particles increase airway inflammation as one of the major sources of atmospheric particulate matter. Furthermore the kosa particles absorb various atmospheric gases, including air pollution. Such environmental pollution enhances the response to allergens, including Japanese cedar pollen. Recently, some epidemiological studies used the kosa data obtained by the light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system, which distinguish between mineral dust and other spherical particles, by identifying differences in the shape of the particles. Further studies using the LIDAR system will help to identify the kosa aerosol components that have adverse health effects, leading to provide new strategies to prevent environmentally induced allergic diseases.

著者

鶴田 治雄 大浦 泰嗣 海老原 充 森口 祐一 大原 利眞 中島 映至

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.4, pp.244-254, 2017-12-20 (Released:2018-01-12)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2

---

The spatio-temporal distributions of atmospheric 137Cs concentrations in and around the Fukushima prefecture just after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FD1NPP) accident were retrieved, by measuring radionuclides in suspended particulate matter (SPM) hourly collected on used filter-tapes of operational air quality monitoring stations. Analyzing a published dataset of radiocesium (134Cs and 137Cs) at around 100 SPM monitoring sites, 10 radioactive plumes/polluted air masses in which the maximum 137Cs concentrations were higher than 10 Bq m-3 were found in the period of March 12–23, 2011. In these plumes, 5 plumes were transported to the eastern and/or central parts of the Fukushima prefecture, and another 5 plumes were transported to the Kantou area located more than 100 km south of the FD1NPP, respectively. In the period, the maximum 137Cs concentration of about 575 Bq m-3 was observed in the east coast of the Fukushima prefecture on the evening of March 12, 2011, after a vent process and the hydrogen explosion of Unit 1. Furthermore, high 137Cs concentrations of around 10 Bq m-3 were found in the northern part of the FD1NPP on the morning of March 21 when a strong northerly wind began to blow. These results indicate that further study is expected on the relationship between the release of radionuclides and the events happened in the reactors of the FD1NPP, and on the effects of the vertical structure of the atmosphere on the surface concentrations of radionuclides.

著者

森本 泰夫

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.4, pp.268, 2001-12-20 (Released:2009-01-08)

著者

藤田 慎一 岡村 和幸 三浦 和彦 高橋 章

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.4, pp.349-354, 2010

被引用文献数

2

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The scavenging ratio of sea-salt components for the winter monsoon was presented on the coastal region of the Sea of Japan. Concentrations of sodium in air and precipitation were analyzed from four monitoring networks, CRIEPI, NPG, NIES/ADORC, and CRIEPI during the period from 1987 to 2008. On the basis of the monitoring data collected, we analyzed (i) seasonal variation and horizontal distribution of sea-salt concentration in air and precipitation, (ii) statistical properties of scavenging ratio on a regional scale, (iii) relationship between scavenging ratio and precipitation intensity, (iv) wet scavenging coefficient on a local scale, and (v) temporal variation of sodium concentration associated with the winter monsoon.<br>

著者

林 政彦

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.118-124, 2001-06-20 (Released:2009-01-15)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

3

著者

大和 政彦

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.4, pp.276-288, 1990-12-20 (Released:2011-06-14)

参考文献数

28

著者

山下 克也 村上 正隆 田尻 拓也 斎藤 篤思

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.174-182, 2014-09-20 (Released:2014-10-04)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

---

Aerosol particles acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) determine initial cloud droplet concentrations and subsequent evolutions of microphysical structures of clouds and precipitation, and affect a short-range precipitation forecast and climate change projection. The Global Atmosphere Watch Scientific Advisory Group recommends the CCN monitoring as a part of determination of the spatio-temporal distribution of aerosol properties related to climate forcing and air quality on multi decadal time scales and on regional, hemispheric and global spatial scales. We have been monitoring CCN concentrations along with aerosol concentrations, aerosol size distributions, and ice nuclei (IN) concentrations on the campus of Meteorological Research Institute in Tsukuba city (36.06°N,140.13°E), Ibaraki, Japan since March 2012. In this report, the maintenance information for long-term measurements with continuous-flow stream-wise thermal gradient chamber type CCN counter, especially calibration methods of supersaturations in the CCN counter and their error factors, are described. Also, the results of the long-term monitoring of CCN concentrations and the research activity on cloud droplet formation processes at MRI are briefly introduced.

著者

増田 公明

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.264-268, 2012 (Released:2013-01-18)

参考文献数

21

---

As one of mechanisms of the influence of variability in solar activity on the global climate, the atmospheric ionization by reaction of the galactic cosmic rays with atmosphere has an important role. A correlation between the galactic cosmic-ray intensity and the global cloud cover has been observed and a hypothesis is suggested that the variability in the solar activity controls global climate through the cosmic rays. It is necessary to clarify the mechanism of the correlation as well as verification of observed quantities. Here we describe how the cosmic rays produce aerosol particles, which originate cloud condensation nuclei. We also introduce the present status of laboratory experiments to verify these processes.

著者

小高 正嗣

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.87-94, 2007-06-20 (Released:2007-06-20)

参考文献数

29

---

Recent spacecraft observations reveal properties of Martian dust and the feature of Martian dust storm and its horizontal scale, occurrence frequency and duration. Because of increasing of Martian meteorological data, numerical simulation of Martian dust storm by using General Circulation Model (GCM) which can predict distribution of atmospheric dust are now beginning to be challenged by several research groups. In order to improve forecast performance of atmospheric dust distribution by using GCM, it is necessary to consider parameters associated with micro physics of dust loading and parameterization of small scale wind fluctuations which cannot be represented in GCM explicitly.

著者

原野 安土

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.4-4, 2015-03-20 (Released:2015-04-16)

著者

戸野倉 賢一

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.5-9, 2014-03-20 (Released:2014-04-09)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

1

---

Soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are main pollutants as well as NOx in combustion process. In this paper, recent advances in the understanding of the formation mechanisms of PAH and the subsequent growth by chemical reactions with radical and stable species are reviewed. In the growth processes of PAH, hydrogen abstraction-C2H2 addition (HACA) mechanism and recently-proposed phenyl addition-cyclization (PAC) mechanism are discussed. A combination of PAC mechanism with HACA mechanism is important in the production and growth to large PAH. Particle inception, surface growth, coagulation and aggregation processes of soot are also briefly reviewed.

著者

笠原 三紀夫

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.120-126, 1996-06-20 (Released:2010-07-08)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1

著者

中村 篤博 成田 祥 金澤 啓三 植松 光夫

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.4-13, 2017-03-20 (Released:2017-04-03)

参考文献数

30

---

Chemical compositions and particle number densities of atmospheric aerosols were measured continuously in the coastal area of Seto Inland Sea during the spring of 2015. The mean concentrations of NH4+, NO3-, and water soluble organic nitrogen (ONws) were 1.6, 0.85, and 0.28 μg N m-3, respectively in total sampling mode. NO3- existed in both fine and coarse modes, while NH4+ and ONws existed primarily in fine mode. On the days of normal atmospheric conditions, the amount of ONws contributing to the total nitrogen was about 14% N in both fine and coarse sampling modes. This ratio was equivalent to the amount of NO3- content in fine mode and NH4+ in coarse mode. On the days with polluted atmospheric conditions, the amount of ONws contributing to total nitrogen was about 9.3% N in fine mode and about 5.0% N in coarse mode. This ratio was equivalent to the contributions of NO3- in fine mode and NH4+ in coarse mode. Dry deposition fluxes of particulate NH4+, NO3-, and ONWS in the area were 280, 660, and 83 μg N m-2 day-1, respectively. The flux of NO3- was more effective than any other nitrogen compounds, since the deposition rate depends upon a size distribution. The dry deposition of ONws accounted for about 8.1% of the total nitrogen dry deposition. Thus, ONWS cannot be ignored when considering the nitrogen budget and cycles in this area.

著者

脇坂 昭弘

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.24-29, 2011

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When mist particles are generated from ethanol-water mixtures by ultrasonic atomization at a low temperature, ethanol is concentrated in the atomized mist particles. This paper explains the mechanisms of ethanol thickning in atomized droplets based on the cluster-level structures analysed by the mass spectrometry. When ultrasonic atomization of equimolar ethanol-water mixture is carried out at a lower temperature, e.g. 10°C, small clusters composed of only ethanol molecules can transfer from the liquid phase to the gas phase, while the large clusters consisting of both ethanol and water molecules cannot move across the interface. This leads to the thickning of ethanol in the atomized mist particles. The cluster-level structures of ethanol-water mixture, which varies with the ethanol concentration and the liquid temperature, directly determines the characteristics of ultrasonic atomization of ethanol aqueous solution.<br>

著者

土屋 活美 林 秀哉 藤原 和久 松浦 一雄

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.11-17, 2011

---

It has been claimed in the literature that selective ethanol separation from ethanol-water solution can be made through ultrasonic atomization. The causes of separation were explained in terms of parametric decay instability of capillary waves, accumulating acoustic energy in a highly localized surface of the capillary wave and effecting ultrasonic atomization. In this study, the atomization process is examined visually with some mechanistic view, and the dynamics of interfacial oscillations occurring along the perturbed protrusion or conical “liquid column/fountain jet” over the ultrasonic transducer are analyzed by high-speed imaging. It is found that the atomization process could be initiated by a sudden increase in surface roughness of microscale, which would be viewed as localized surface patches of two-dimensional capillary waves, often associated with contraction expansion sequence of surface to-pology. Such surface patches could bring further instability in generating a swarm of liquid droplets of microscale around the expanded phase of liquid column.<br>

著者

落合 満

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.32-43, 1990-03-20 (Released:2011-06-14)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

1

著者

高橋 正樹

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.278-283, 2012

---

Super-eruption release voluminous sulfuric gas into the atmosphere, which produce a large amount of sulfuric acid aerosol in the stratosphere. The sulfuric acid aerosol reflects incoming solar radiation, giving rise to the rapid climatic cooling called the "volcanic winter" on the Earth's surface. The Toba super-eruption 74,000 years ago, the largest eruption in a million years on the Earth, erupted as much as 2,800 km³ of felsic magma. The average global temperature is estimated to have lowered more than 10°C by the Toba super-eruption, which is inferred to have caused a severe bottleneck of the human population. Modern civilized human society will also suffer fatal damage by "volcanic winter", if a super-eruption were to occur today.<br>

著者

谷内 俊範 小林 憲正

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 = Journal of aerosol research (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.113-118, 2007-06-20

被引用文献数

1

---

Titan is the largest satellite of Saturn, and has dense (ca. 1,500 hPa) atmosphere mainly composed of nitrogen and methane. In addition to various organic compounds, aerosol is found in the atmosphere. It is suggested that the aerosol was made of complex organic compounds, which was formed from Titan atmosphere by such energies as ultraviolet light, high-energy electrons (discharges) and cosmic rays. Voyager and Cassini missions partly revealed the nature of the aerosol. A wide variety of laboratory simulation experiments have been conducted by using a gas mixture of nitrogen and methane, and the resulting solid products are often referred as "Titan tholins". The present paper reviews these observations and simulation experiments on the Titan aerosol, and discusses its relevance to origins of life.