著者

川瀬 宏明 木村 富士男

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.3, pp.147-159, 2005-03-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1 1

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冬季北西風の吹出し時に,日本の周辺海域には筋状雲が現われる.その中でも,日本の南海上ではしばしば太い筋状雲が発生する.本研究では,冬季3カ月(1, 2, 12月)のGMS (Geostationary Meteorological Satellite)可視画像を分析し,850hPaの風と対応させることで,このような筋状雲が下層風によって受ける影響を調べた.その結果,筋状雲の出現は風向だけでなく風速によっても変化することがわかった.筋状雲には風速の増加に伴い発生頻度が増加するものと,逆に発生頻度が減少するものが存在する.九州の東海上,四国の南海上に現れる筋状雲は前者にあたり,紀伊山地の風下,紀伊水道で発生している筋状雲が後者にあたる.また,風速の変化によって出現する位置が変化する筋状雲も存在する.四国山地の南東風下にできる筋状雲がこれにあたり, 850hPaの風速が増加するほど発生位置が北東に移動する.

著者

杉田 倫明

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan, Series B (ISSN:02896001)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.74-82, 1985-04-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2 2

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森林蒸発散に影響を与える因子について,夏季のアカマツ林における熱収支・水収支の観測結果にもとづいて議論した。潜熱フラックスは,渦相関・熱収支法によって得た。樹冠の濡れの程度は,樹冠に付けたウェットネスインディケーターによって求めた。また,遮断量はスルーフォール,樹幹流,林外雨量の値から算出した。さらに,アカマツ林と隣接した牧草地の蒸発散量をアカマツ林の対照データとして利用した。これらのデータの解析の結果,以下の結論が得られた。1)濡れた樹冠の蒸発散速度は,乾いた樹冠のそれと比して,30%程度大きい。したがって,短い時間スケールでは樹冠の濡れは蒸発散量決定における重要な因子である。2)日蒸発散量に対しては,樹冠の濡れは重要な因子ではない。これは,一日中樹冠が濡れていることがまれだからである。3)アカマツ林の日蒸発散量は草地のそれより平均して35%多い。この差は,基本的には両者の有効エネルギーの差に起因する。

著者

Kazutoshi ABE

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan, Series B (ISSN:02896001)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.1, pp.70-82, 1996-06-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

157

被引用文献数

3 5

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The postwar development of Japanese urban geography is divided into four periods. The amount of research in urban geography has increased, expanding study targets and analytical methods. With an increase in studies of urbanization in the 1950s, heated debate ensued and stimulated urban geographers, leading to the subsequent development of urban geography. There are two approaches, to regard a city as a specific point or as an area. The former is represented by studies on the central place and the urban system, while the latter is represented by studies on the internal structure of a city. These two have been dealt with almost equally by Japanese urban geographers. The trends of urban geography comprise the following points: an emphasis on the functional aspects; the introduction of more quantitative approaches; and an increase in the number of studies of foreign cities. Two points are indispensable for the further development of Japanese urban geography: controversy and theorization. The implications of the former are evident, judging from the role that debate played in the initial urbanization controversy. Clearly, progress cannot be made without dispute and debate. Theorization is equally important. Quantitative geography was originally oriented toward theory, although theorization can be accomplished without the use of a quantitative approach. Whether quantitative or nonquantitative approaches are taken depends on the attitude of researchers, but both provide Japanese urban geography, which has traditionally depended on imported foreign accomplishments for its development, with an opportunity to transmit information internationally.

著者

OYAGI Hideo ENDOH Shuichi ISHIKAWA Toshiyuki OKUMURA Yasuaki TSUKAWAKI Shinji

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.2, pp.53-65, 2018-01-06 (Released:2017-12-29)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

6 10

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Lake Tonle Sap has the largest surface area of any lake in Southeast Asia. The lake’s water level varied by 8 m between seasons in 2005, which resulted in dramatic seasonal changes in the surface area. The quality of the lake water can be divided into two contrasting types in the low- and high-water-level periods. Measurements of water quality were made during the low-water-level period. Na-HCO3 type water was a characteristic feature of the water quality in the foreshore areas from March to May of 2005. Of particular interest during the low-water-level period is the ratio of chloride ions to total dissolved solids. Changes in the quality of the lake water during low-water-level periods are caused in part by an increase in the influence of discharge from inflowing tributaries as the volume of lake water decreases. In addition, seasonal changes are caused by anthropogenic contamination from mobile villages of floating and folding houses situated around the lake margin. In contrast to the low-water-level period, the dominant composition during the high-water-level period was Ca-HCO3 type water. The water quality of the lake during the rainy season does not appear to be affected by human activity but is significantly affected by reverse inflow from the Mekong River to Lake Tonle Sap.

著者

竹内 常行

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.4, pp.216-237, 1977-04-01 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

2

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富山平野の山麓にはかなり広い隆起扇状地が発達しているが,これらの隆起扇状地にも古くから水田が広く拓かれている.このことは天竜川,相模川,荒川や松本平その他の隆起扇状地と較べて著しい特色である.この理由を明らかにするために,隆起扇状地が2段以上発達している,小矢部川から黒部川に至る8河川の隆起扇状地が,どのような用水路によって拓かれてきたか,また各河川の灌瀧区域の用水事情はどのようであったかを調査した.その結果,用水源である河川の本流あるいは支流の集水面積が,灌概区域に対して広い神通川を除いて,必ずしも集水面積は広くはないが,多雪地帯であるために,最多要水期に雪解水が豊富であることと,各河谷の勾配が急で,比較的短い距離で導水できることなどの有利さが,加賀藩の政策と相侯って,広く水田開発を可能にしたことがわかった.しかし,大部分の地域が夏期の渇水期の水不足に苦しんだ実情をも明らかにして,近年の合口事業やダム建設の効果にも論及した.

著者

關口 武

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.6, pp.456-487, 1942-06-01 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

23

著者

柿本 典昭

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan, Series B (ISSN:02896001)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.203-211, 1987-12-30 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 2

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本稿は個々の漁村の研究を通じて水産に関する地理学的研究をこころみる際に,どのような配慮がなされるべきかを,主としてわが国の場合を中心に論述したものである. 漁撈行為=狭義の漁業も,人類の最も初源的な行為の一つであるから,人類の自然に対する根元的な反応・適応のあるべき姿を学びとることが出来ると思われているので,伝統的な農業や狩猟業と同様に,すぐれて文化的な現象と考えられる.したがって,従来の伝統的な研究視角としての経済地理学的視角・集落地理学的視角のほかに,文化地理学的視角が必要であると考える立場が支配的となって来た.このような考え方をとる代表的な研究者の一人,斎藤毅の所説に触発され,斎藤論文の批判的な評価をおこないつつ,筆者自身の考え方を披瀝してみた. 結論的にいうならば,陸上と海域の双方を生産と生活の場とし,双方の生態系を監視する立場を保持し続けて来た沿岸住民の生活の場としての臨海集落の研究が,まず何よりも重要な課題となって登場して来るであろう.このような臨海集落は,わが国の場合,旧藩時代以来,伝統的に漁浦とよびならわされて来た小さな村落社会=生活体を形成し,現在の漁業協同組合を構成するような生活体に,系譜的につながっているケースが多い.したがって,この漁浦は,斎藤の指摘するような地理学と水産学の双方の境界領域に形成される一種のフロンティアとして,水産地理学樹立のための研究対象に位置付けられるであろう.何故ならば,斎藤も指摘するように,現実に即し,地域に即したきめ細かい水産地理学的な研究には,前述のような経済地理的・集落地理学的・文化地理学的といった限定された一つの研究視角によらない総合的・包括的にとらえるべき領域,すなわち,水産誌・地域漁業政策論的なもののウエイトが高まって来るにつれ,各々の漁村とその背域の地域(沿岸部海域と沿岸陸上域の双方)の実態の正しい把握が必要となるからである. さらにまた,200カイリ時代の到来によって形成された,あたらしい世界的漁業の秩序=水産究間秩序に対応するためと,沿岸域(陸上)の正しい利用の仕方を理解する時の出発点と考えられるからである.

著者

梅崎 秀也

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.10, pp.590-601, 1958-10-01 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

16

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(1) All over the Yamato Basin which has been known as a droughty area are built bulworks, so-called “Ukezutsumi” or Protection Bank. The studies concerning these banks are important to learn about the growth of towns and villages as well as the regional characteristics of Yamato Province. This manuscript shows the result of my field survey about them. (2) The floods in the Yamato Basin have given damages to all the communities in the basin below the height of 100 meters above the sea-level. Flood protection warehouses and Ukezutsumi Banks are to be seen here and there all over the region, but banks are more frequently found in the low lands where rivers and streams meet together. (3) The origin of the Banks is presumed to be ancient, but the exact date has not yet been ascertaind. They are disributed along the rivers to protect jointly in case of broken banks of stagnant water. (4) These banks of accumulated earth are different in their size, shape, and construction acording to their surroundings, and are sharply in contrast with each other between the upper part of a river and the lower part. (5) The banks are maintained by the strict rules set up by the communities separately or jointly. These rules are indicative of either egoistic or cooperative attitude of the villagers. (6) After the field survey the following results were discovered: (a) Both droughts and floods are the characteristics of the Yamato Basin where the control for river waters is insufficient. (b) in relation to the natural surroundings, a strong community is formed, which, however, results in the stagnation of community. (c) In order to solve many problems concerning the banks, it is necessary to have a unified and systematic plan of improving the environment all over the basin.

著者

EL-BARBARY Mohamed N. IKEDA Mariko UEKITA Yasufumi

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.2, pp.65-80, 2021-12-25 (Released:2021-12-25)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

1

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Historic Cairo, in Egypt, is a living urban entity that was registered by the UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site in 1979. Its historic urban core is crowded with outstanding medieval buildings which overlap with the city’s modern architecture and local people’s daily life activities. Unfortunately, despite receiving several conservation interventions, since the mid-20th century, most of the historic buildings in Cairo are in constant deterioration. Therefore, the study aimed at identifying the reasons behind this controversial situation, based on theoretical and practical methodologies. Through critical review of related literature and field survey, the study identified the shortcomings in the main conservation practices, implemented in Historic Cairo after the mid-20th century, and the current challenges for its effective conservation. The research findings clarified that no significant conservation effort was made in Historic Cairo during the 1950s and 1960s. While, since the early 1970s, about 17 mega conservation projects have been conducted, by national and international organizations, most of these projects adopted inappropriate conservation approaches which ignored the living nature of Historic Cairo and undermined the active participation and needs of the local community. The ‘top-down’ strategy prevailed in most conservation projects, in which the historic buildings were either ‘restored then closed’ without adaptive reuse or conserved for ‘touristic’ purposes without monitoring after conservation. Finally, the study concluded that the ‘local community’ oriented approach is the most appropriate for the effective conservation of Historic Cairo.

著者

YOSHIDA Kunimitsu

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.1, pp.31-47, 2021-07-31 (Released:2021-08-03)

参考文献数

51

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This paper aims to explain the mechanism of the transfer of farming rights in Japan’s large-scale upland farming belt by focusing on the social relationships among farmers. The mechanisms of farmers’ social relationships were analyzed by applying the concept of “multiplex-uniplex” that is used in the social network approach. The study area was Omaki and Kowa settlements in central Hokkaido Prefecture. This area was newly cleared and opened for settlement in 1950. The major agricultural enterprises in this area are upland, dairy, and vegetable farming. The main findings are as follows. 1) Various social relationships among farmers were observed behind the transfer of farming rights, including territorial relations, kinship and school connections. Some official agencies were also involved in these relationships. 2) The types of social relationships varied in the way the transfer of farming rights overlapped. Almost all transfers were influenced by multiplex relationships, such as a combination of territorial relations, kinship, and school connections. On the other hand, uniplex relationships existed in the transfer of farming rights when farmers did not have these social relationships. 3) Social relationships in the transfer of farming rights expanded spatially from the scale of the neighborhood or settlement to the scale of the home district, other districts, and outside of town. Many farmers accumulated most of their farmland within their settlements, but depending on farm management conditions, some late accumulated farmland was located outside their settlements.

著者

Tsunetoshl MIZOGUCHI

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan, Series B (ISSN:02896001)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.1, pp.21-41, 1996-06-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

188

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper reviews major studies in historical geography in Japan published after 1988. After a brief summary of the recent trends in historical geography in Japan, the studies are reviewed under five headings: 1) Changes of rural landscape, 2) Urban transformation, 3) Population and migration, 4) Traffic and transportation, and 5) Religious and imagined world.

著者

千葉 徳爾

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.11, pp.686-691, 1970-11-01 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

14

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The purpose of this paper is to understand the diffusion of maize in the Mainland China. The hypothesis which was proposed by the author is that maize was brought by Pacific seafarers from South America to Asia in the Old World. Data for this paper were collected from local gazetteers edited in the Ching Dynasty. No field study has yet been made on this problem. However, some researchers have made studies on the introduction of maize by using the historical approach. But the writer adopts here the biogeographical approach which was initiated by N. Vavilov. Main contents are as follows: 1) Some of the crops which were introduced from the New World have played an important role in reorganizing the agricultural system in the Old World. It has been pointed out that several exotic crops were cultivated as subsistence and/or commercial crops and contributed much to the support of a dense population in hilly areas and valleys of China. Maize is today among the most important exotic crops in that country. 2) A comparative study of historical documents supports the statement of Bencao gangmu written by Li Shi Zehn. The first reference to maize in Chinese documents is in Tiannanbencao written by Lan Mao who lived in the earlier half of the 15th century. It also provides evidence that maize was widely cultivated in the western Yunnan Highlands fifty years after the Portuguese' arrival in Canchow and Foochow. At that time, there were no places where the crop was cultivated in a considerably vast area. 3) It is interesting and important to learn that various varieties of maize are found in the Yunnan and Kweichow Highlands where evidence suggests that the cultivation of maize is the oldest in China. These facts together point out that maize was introduced not from the coast of China directly but from west to this part of Kweichow and Yunnan. 4) This inference is also supported by the following additional evidences: a) The changing colours of kernels (Fig. 1) show the long establishment of maize cultivation in Yunnan and Kweichow. b) Numerous ways of maize cooking (Fig. 2) show that maize is one of the older foodstuffs in Yunnan and Kweichow districts. This follows the general rule that the longer a crop is used as a foodstuff, the more varied are the methods of cooking. 5) The dispersal route of maize to the Yunnan and Kweichow Highlands may be related to the methods of maize cultivation and cooking. A study of the cultivation and Booking customs of grain amaranthus in connection with maize may provide the most effective solution to the problem of maize dispersal. The plant is more often cultivated on newly cleared mountain slopes as well as maize, or cultivated in rotation with maize in the Himalayan Highlands and is therefore in many ways related to maize. The amaranthus is a South American plant but is not eaten there. However, in the Central Himalayan Highlands, it is cooked to make cake for a ritual purpose and the people of Yunnan and Kweichow eat this grain in the same way. Assuming that neither the Portuguese nor the Spanish brought the amaranthus to the Old World, the present writer proposes that amaranthus was brought to the Old World in the pre-Columbian times by some seafarers in the Pacific similar to the Polynesians. This may support the author's hypothesis that maize was also introduced to mainland China in pre-Columbian times.

著者

TAKAHASHI Koki

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.1, pp.1-22, 2016-02-15 (Released:2016-02-17)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

2 3

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This study attempts to propose an alternative framework for examining the transformation process of traditional ethnic neighborhoods and understanding the changing spatial structure of ethnic communities in multiethnic cities in contemporary North America. Since the beginning of immigration, the Portuguese have been residing in Toronto for more than half a century. This community now faces a generational change. Toronto’s Portuguese community is examined by focusing on the ethnic functions that comprise its residences, businesses, and organizations in order to dismantle the complicated spatial structure of today’s ethnic community. From the 1970s through the early 1980s, such ethnic functions were concentrated in Little Portugal, located near downtown Toronto. During the 1980s, however, Portuguese residential space began to spread from Little Portugal to Toronto’s northern corridor and western suburbs. After the mid-1990s, Portuguese organizations relocated to the northern corridor. Moreover, the number of Portuguese businesses has decreased since the beginning of the 2000s, consequent to the aging of first-generation Portuguese and the inflow of non-Portuguese people, or gentrifiers. In other words, ethnic functions relocated from Little Portugal in multiple stages. However, Portuguese entrepreneurs still manage approximately half of the businesses in Little Portugal, and this traditional ethnic neighborhood remains the core area of the Portuguese community. Today, the Portuguese in Toronto utilize plural spaces depending on the content of their activities. Although the Portuguese community is spatially dispersed, its social ties are maintained on the basis of ethnicity, and these three spaces are thus closely connected with each other.

著者

SUZUKI Yasuhiro ISHII Shoko INAMURA Tetsuya NARA Yumiko TAKAHASHI Hirofumi BATTULGA Sukhee ENKHTAIVAN Dangaa NARANGEREL Serd-Yanjiv ARIUNAA Chadraabal SERJMYADAG Dalai ALTANBADRALT Batsukh BADRAL Tuvshin

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.1, pp.1-9, 2019-12-27 (Released:2019-12-27)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

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As emphasized in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) 2015–2030, an important key for enhancing citizens’ resilience is cooperation, in which universities and academic organizations may bear the burden of connecting people. Recently, some universities have conducted various DRR education programs together with local governments and citizens in Japan. In this report, we introduce the progress of our three international cooperative projects between Japan and Mongolia conducted between 2014 and 2018: 1) establishment of the Cooperative Center for Resilience Research (CCRR) by the National University of Mongolia and Nagoya University; 2) the Public Symposium for Earthquake DRR with the Mongolian Government; and 3) the Grass-Roots Joint Project of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) for disaster awareness in Khovd Province (Aimag), Mongolia. Through these transdisciplinary research projects, we intended to identify the essential conditions for an effective enhancement of citizens’ resilience. As a result, we found the following key aspects to be considered in international DRR cooperation flamework: 1) transfer the spirit of DRR rather than simply its components, 2) customize DRR to match the climate and residents’ temperament in the target area, 3) consider whether the project is consistent with the public policy of the target area, and 4) involve regional organizations and residents to ensure continuity for DRR activity.

著者

大平 晃久

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.3, pp.180-183, 2003-03-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

3 1

著者

中島 弘二

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.3, pp.176-179, 2003-03-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

平塚 延幸

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

日本地理学会発表要旨集

巻号頁・発行日

pp.245, 2013 (Released:2013-09-04)

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【調査目的と問題意識】谷川岳一の倉沢にモレーンが存在するとして、氷期に氷河が存在したと推定されている(小疇・2002)。侵食営力・運搬作用と堆積物は整合性があり、侵食地形の実態から下流部の堆積物の性格も明らかになる。本地域での雪渓消長後、基盤上の侵食作用の状態を観察調査した。【調査および調査地域の概要】谷川岳一の倉沢本谷の堆雪域は3地域に分類できる。①本谷滝沢下部②本谷二の沢合流部③テールリッジ末端周辺。調査地域は③を対象とした。一の倉沢に氷体が存在したとするならば③の地域はその影響があると考えた。【調査結果】(a)烏帽子スラブ及び衝立スラブはアバランチシュートであり全層雪崩により形成される(下川・1980)。各スラブはシーティング(金子・1972)が明瞭で条痕は見られない。衝立スラブと衝立沢間のリッジ末端は全層雪崩・積雪グライドの影響による鈍頂山稜がある。(b)衝立スラブと衝立沢合流部は地形変換点を形成し雪崩堆積場となる。河床にはいくつかのポットホールが存在する。河床には研磨痕はみられない。(c)テールリッジ末端はシーティングが見られ、雪渓(残雪)グライドが卓越するスカート状の露岩斜面が広がり本谷に接する。本谷には滝壺上部が水流侵食で深掘りされた変形ポットホールがみられ、雪渓(残雪)滑りと圧力による水流変換と高圧水流が考えられる。(d)本谷縦断形は急斜面が垂壁で河床へつながる場合と、急斜面が水流研磨面に移行する場合とに大別出来る。河床に節理に制約されたポットホールが存在し、水流研磨平滑面を形成する。水流研磨面に擦痕はない。(e)平滑斜面を作った水流は、右岸からの小リッジをけずり込み滝窪を作る。リッジ下流側は水流と雪渓グライド両営力により磨かれた羊群岩状地形を形成する。(f)V字状に狭まった場所に滝中腹が水流で岩盤が丸く削り込まれて、水流が空中に舞う滝がある。同様な微地形がいくつか存在し水流の落ち込み位置が変化することがわかる【調査結果のまとめ】(1)アバランチシュートは、シーティングの影響を受け、全層雪崩および水流による研磨が卓越し、三日月型などの氷食痕(岩田・2011)は見られない。(2)アバランチシュートに挟まれたリッジは平坦化作用を受けているが、現在でも全層雪崩や積雪グライドの影響化にある。(3)雪渓消長時期に対応した雪渓グライド作用が斜面に見られる。(4)本谷の縦断形は、雪渓グライド影響下の斜面→岩屑剥離が卓越した岩角の目立つ垂壁→水流研磨による河床という変化と、斜面から河床への移行という二つの形態をとる。水流研磨斜面や雪渓グライド卓越斜面には、氷河研磨痕や氷河擦痕などは確認できなかった。(5)水流は節理に影響されて曲流し、またポットホールを作る。水流研磨によるスプーンカット状微地形が見られる。これらは雪渓・積雪の圧力による水路変換・高水圧を受けた結果と考えられる。 谷川岳主稜線には化石周氷河性平滑斜面・化石雪窪が広がり、16000年以前には、それらは標高1300-1400mに位置していた(高田・1986)。周氷河性地形の標高低下は標高1000m付近の谷地形に影響を及ぼしたに違いない。一方、日本の多雪化は12000年以降に始まり7000年には完了した(小泉・1982)と言われる。今回の調査では、一の倉本谷には顕著な氷河侵食の作用は見られない。これらをどのように解釈するか、上流部の調査を含めて課題が残されている。

著者

KUBO Tomoko ONOZAWA Yasuko HASHIMOTO Misao HISHINUMA Yusuke MATSUI Keisuke

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.1, pp.47-63, 2010-09-30 (Released:2010-10-10)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1 9

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This study aimed to discuss the effectiveness of mixed development, which generates a socially mixed community, in avoiding the neighborhood aging problems that can arise in Japanese suburban neighborhoods. Discussions on social mix in Japan would contribute to the development of sustainable and inclusive communities. We examined the case of Narita New Town, which consists of diverse housing types, and clarified how and why socially mixed neighborhoods have been developed and sustained for decades. Hypotheses of this study on the relationship between mixed development and sustainability of an area were described: 1) mixed development can generate constant housing supply in the area, and it may cause substantial housing demands for both newly built and second-hand houses in the area; 2) supply of second-hand houses promotes movement of existing residents within the area; and 3) these active movements work efficiently to avoid the aging problem of the whole area, thus the area and their community can be sustainable for a long time. As a result, the elderly population rate of Narita New Town remained lower than that of Narita City. Within Narita New Town, the elderly population rate was higher in the old detached-house districts and luxury residential districts, and the residents tended to be white-collar. On the other hand, most of the rented house districts and detached house areas with blue-collar residents showed a lower rate. Therefore, a mixture of housing types and socioeconomic status work efficiently to maintain the sustainability of the town as a whole. In addition to the mixed development, adjacency to Narita Airport with its personnel turnover and support of community helped to maintain a pleasant residential environment in the town, and stimulated inflows of new comers and moves within the town, and thus sustainability was maintained in the town.

著者

徳永 徹 横山 勝三

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.3, pp.111-125, 1979-03-01 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

5 5

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伊豆新島向山火山の生成過程(生成史)は,噴火様式の差異ひいては堆積物や地形の特徴に基づいて,I期:ベースサージ(base surge)丘の生成,II期:大峯火砕丘の生成,III期:向山溶岩円頂丘の生成の3期に大別される.これら一連の火山活動の推移は,噴火の経過(火山体の成長)に伴うマグマの噴出環境の変化に呼応したものと考えられる.すなわち,向山の噴火活動は海底噴火で始まったが,火山体の成長につれてマグマと海水との接触が次第に妨げられ,ついには遮断されるに至った.これに伴って,噴火活動は,ベースサージを伴った強烈なマグマー水蒸気噴火から,ベースサージを伴わない爆発的噴火,さらに溶岩の噴出へと移行した.その結果,ベースサージ丘・火砕丘・溶岩円頂丘で構成される単成複式火山が生成した.

著者

杉本 尚次

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.5, pp.279-294, 1961-05-01 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

31

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西日本における民家間取型の分布把握に重点をおき,生活との関連やその伝播径路さらに変化過程といつたダイナミックな面にも留意しつつ民家間取型に表われた地域的特性を明らかにしようとした. 民家母屋内部の平面構造(間取)は,居住部分のヘヤ割リ,ヘヤの機能(室名,イロリ),土間の機能.(ウマヤ)に分解した. (1) 居住部分は全国的に田字型の四間取りが最も普遍的で,その他に東北・北陸の広間型との関連が考えられる広間的間取・妻入型・土間狭小型・二棟造(南九州・南西諸島)・変型(クド造リ・つのや)の6タイプが区分され,その巨視的な分布圏が判明した. (2) 同一室名の分布を探ることによつて文化圏や伝播径路を把握することも可能である.本稿では特徴ある2~3例を示す.また名称の変化を通して農村生活の変化過程を考察することも出来る.イロリは山陰から中国山地に卓越するが,大部分の地域では小規模火鉢的機能であり,東北日本ほどの重要性はない. (3) ウチマヤは減少の傾向にあるが,分布が牧牛地域と一致し,経済生活を反映した型であること,山間農村では生活機能が母屋の中に集積する特徴がある. (4) 間取型の分析による地域性の把握は家屋自身多くの要素の集積されたものであり,本稿では巨視的考察の段階である.