著者

Ahmed Arafa Rena Kashima Yoshihiro Kokubo Masayuki Teramoto Yukie Sakai Saya Nosaka Haruna Kawachi Keiko Shimamoto Chisa Matsumoto Qi Gao Chisato Izumi

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine (ISSN:1342078X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.26, 2023 (Released:2023-05-03)

参考文献数

63

被引用文献数

1

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Background: Alcohol consumption is a modifiable lifestyle, but its role in heart failure (HF) development is controversial. Herein, we investigated the prospective association between alcohol consumption and HF risk.Methods: A total of 2,712 participants (1,149 men and 1,563 women) from the Suita Study were followed up every two years. Cox regression was applied to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of HF risk for heavy drinking (≥46 g/day in men or ≥23 g/day in women) and never drinking compared to light drinking (<23 g/day in men or <11.5 g/day in women). Then, we combined the results of the Suita Study with those from other eligible prospective cohort studies in a meta-analysis using the random-effects model.Results: In the Suita Study, within a median follow-up period of 8 years, 319 HF cases (162 in men and 157 in women) were detected. In men, but not women, never and heavy drinking carried a higher risk of HF than light drinking: HRs (95% CIs) = 1.65 (1.00, 2.73) and 2.14 (1.26, 3.66), respectively. Alike, the meta-analysis showed a higher risk of HF among heavy drinkers: HR (95% CI) = 1.37 (1.15, 1.62) and abstainers: HR (95% CI) = 1.18 (1.02, 1.37).Conclusion: We indicated a J-shaped association between alcohol consumption and HF risk among Japanese men. The results of the meta-analysis came in line with the Suita Study. Heavy-drinking men should be targeted for lifestyle modification interventions.

著者

青山 英康

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.6, pp.1026-1035, 1996-02-15 (Released:2009-04-21)

参考文献数

14

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Japan was defeated in World War II and almost all of the nation was demoralized by the destruction and damage to much of the nation. The medical and health care system during and before World War II needed to be reformed radically and fundamentally since almost all medical and health institutes were destroyed. On the other hand, many health personnel came back from overseas after the war. Japanese modern medicine had developed on the basis of German medicine; however, many aspects of American medicine, including public health and democracy, were rapidly introduced following the end of World War II. The American type of health center was established and many laws concerning medical and health care were enacted in 1947-1948. One of them was "The Health Center Law."The National Health Insurance Act was enacted in 1958 and the total population has been covered by health insurance plans since 1961. Many physicians quit the health centers and they have worked as clinicians under the National Health Insurance scheme, because health centers were introduced before adequate education and research existed in the field of public health. On the other hand, the health insurance scheme was in its golden age during the high economic growth period of the 1960s. Japan has succeeded in all forms of modern technology and economy for the past 30 years and is now one of the top nations in the field of medical and health care, such as the numbers of clinics and hospitals and beds, the frequency of consulting with a doctor, length of hospital stay, examinee rates in mass health examinations in the community and workplace and so on.Health conditions have changed drastically from the 1950s to the present. Therefore, health centers do not fit current health needs. For example, mortality from tuberculosis, acute infections diseases and also stomach and uterus cancers and apoplexy have decreased rapidly while mortality from chronic diseases, especially lung, breast and rectal cancers, and myocardial infarction have increased gradually. Changes of life style resulting from rapid economic growth are suspected to be important causes of the change in the prevalence of these diseases.Mass health examination was important and effective as a preventive measure against tuberculosis, especially as a means of early detection and early treatment. However, it is not now effective against chronic diseases. The screening examination has resulted in identifying many patients suspected of being ill. Every examiner must be able to distinguish pathologic findings from physiologic changes of aging. Every patient must, therefore, understand his/her individuality and evaluate the result of his/her efforts to improve life style by receiving a health examination. Accordingly, the aim of health examination has changed from early detection to health support for the examinee.During the decades when life expectancy was less than 50 years of age, it was not necessary for people to plan for retirement. Moreover, there was little burden on younger genarations to provide care for the aged people because there were few old people more than 70 years of age and the birth rate was high. Nowadays, elderly people face many years of life after retirement and there are too many aged people in relation to the number of younger persons.As for medical care services, many new medical needs have emerged in resent years, including "quality of life, " "palliative medicine in terminal care, " "establishment of a primary care system" and "comprehensive care connecting health and medical care with welfare" etc.Improved living standards resulting from economic growth, called the "economic miracle" internationally, have helped to bring about a rapid and wide range of change in daily lifestyle, such as eating habits, working conditions and environment.

著者

Hiroyuki FURUYA

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine (ISSN:1342078X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.78-83, 2007 (Released:2007-04-24)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2

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Objective: In metropolitan areas in Japan, train commute is very popular that trains are over-crowded with passengers during rush hour. The purpose of this study is to quantify public health risk related to the inhalation of airborne infectious agents in public vehicles during transportation based on a mathematical model. Methods: The reproduction number for the influenza infection in a train (RA) was estimated using a model based on the Wells-Riley model. To estimate the influence of environmental parameters, the duration of exposure and the number of passengers were varied. If an infected person will not use a mask and all susceptible people will wear a mask, a reduction in the risk of transmission could be expected. Results: The estimated probability distribution of RA had a median of 2.22, and the distribution was fitted to a log-normal distribution with a geometric mean of 2.22 and a geometric standard deviation of 1.53, under the condition that there are 150 passengers, and that 13 ventilation cycles per hour, as required by law, are made. If the exposure time is less than 30 min, the risk may be low. The exposure time can increase the risk linearly. The number of passengers also increases the risk. However, RA is fairly insensitive to the number of passengers. Surgical masks are somewhat effective, whereas High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) masks are quite effective. Doubling the rate of ventilation reduces RA to almost 1. Conclusions: Because it is not feasible for all passengers to wear a HEPA mask, and improvement in the ventilation seems to be an effective and feasible means of preventing influenza infection in public trains.

著者

飯田 宏美

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.103-113, 1960-06-01 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

蓑原 美奈恵 伊藤 宜則 大谷 元彦 佐々木 隆一郎 青木 國雄

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.2, pp.607-615, 1988-06-05 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

7 2

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一地域住民38歳∼84歳の924名のうち,味質脱失者19名を除いた905名を対象とし,滴下法を用いて味覚検査を行った。味質は甘味:精製白糖,塩味:塩化ナトリウム,酸味:酒石酸,苦味:塩酸キニーネの4種に限定し,以下の結果をえた。味覚識別能は4基本味質のいずれも,女性が男性より敏感に識別していた。また,男女とも味覚識別能検査値は,70歳代で最も鈍化し,80歳代ではやや敏感になる傾向など,加齢による変化を認めた。また,総入歯群と義歯なし群や部分入歯群とを比較したが,義歯の状態による味覚識別能に対する影響は認めなかった。喫煙による味覚識別能の影響は,喫煙量(本/日)の増加にともない,男女とも味覚識別能が鈍くなる傾向にあり,味覚識別能における性差は無くなった。塩味,酸味の識別能は喫煙量の増加にともない,男性が女性より敏感に識別し,性差が逆転したが,喫煙量の増加に従い鈍化する傾向は一致した。さらに,味覚識別能に影響を認めた性,年齢を考慮した多変量解析を行った結果,喫煙量の増加にともない味覚識別能は鈍くなる量-反応関係が明らかとなった。その影響の強さは,苦味,酸味,塩味,甘味の順であった。

著者

Kimiko Tomioka Kenji Uno Masahiro Yamada

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine (ISSN:1342078X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.7, 2023 (Released:2023-01-21)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

5

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Background: Many previous studies have reported COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness, but there are few studies in Japan. This community-based, retrospective observational study investigated the association between vaccination status and COVID-19-related health outcomes in COVID-19 patients by SARS-CoV-2 variant type.Methods: The study participants were 24,314 COVID-19 patients aged 12 or older whose diagnoses were reported to the Nara Prefecture Chuwa Public Health Center from April 2021 to March 2022, during periods when the alpha, delta, and omicron variants of COVID-19 were predominant. The outcome variables were severe health consequences (SHC) (i.e., ICU admission and COVID-19-related death), hospitalization, and extension of recovery period. The explanatory variable was vaccination status at least 14 days prior to infection. Covariates included gender, age, population size, the number of risk factors for aggravation, and the number of symptoms at diagnosis. The generalized estimating equations of the multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate the adjusted incidence proportion (AIP) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each health outcome. We performed stratified analyses by SARS-CoV-2 variant type, but the association between vaccination status and COVID-19-related health outcomes was stratified only for the delta and omicron variants due to the small number of vaccinated patients during the alpha variant.Results: Of the 24,314 participants, 255 (1.0%) had SHC; of the 24,059 participants without SHC, 2,102 (8.7%) were hospitalized; and of the 19,603 participants without SHC, hospitalization, and missing data on recovery period, 2,960 (15.1%) had extension of recovery period. Multivariable Poisson regression models showed that regardless of SARS-CoV-2 variant type or health outcome, those who received two or more vaccine doses had significantly lower risk of health outcomes than those who did not receive the vaccine, and there was a dose-response relationship in which the AIP for health outcomes decreased with an increased number of vaccinations.Conclusion: A higher number of vaccinations were associated with lower risk of COVID-19-related health outcomes, not only in the delta variant but also in the omicron variant. Our findings suggest that increasing the number of COVID-19 vaccine doses can prevent severe disease and lead to early recovery of patients not requiring hospitalization.

著者

河野 公一

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.5, pp.852-860, 1994-12-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

6 6

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Fluoride, the ionic form of fluorine, is a natural component of the biosphere and 13th most abundant element in the crust of the earth. It is, therefore, found in a wide range of concentrations in virtually all inanimate and living things. Many trace elements perform a definite function in human metabolism and the question of the value of fluoride, always found in the body, has been raised. Much evidence suggesting that the inclusion of fluoride in drinking water has beneficial as well as adverse effects on human health was obtained. Either alone or in combination with calcium and/or vitamin D, it is used in high daily doses for the treatment of osteoporosis. Although organic fluorine compounds are used in medicine and commerce, the inorganic fluorine compounds are of greater importance toxicologically because they are more readily available. The major pathway of fluoride elimination from the human body is via the kidney. When renal function deteriorates, the ability to excrete fluoride markedly decreases, possibly resulting in greater retention of fluoride in the body. At this point, more research is needed to evaluate the effects of physiological variables on the fluoride metabolism in humans.

著者

吉葉 繁雄

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.565-572, 1984-06-30 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

10 20

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Conus-sting, 55 cases, including 21 fatalities caused by about 20 species of Conus as of Aug. 1982. Among the 21 fatalities, 18 cases were caused by C. geographus. The fatality rate associated with this species has reached 55.3% in Japan and 66.7% in the world. C. geographus is therefore considered to be the most dangerous snail belonging to the genus Conus. This fact is also proven experimentally by comparison of the lethal dose within 1 hour (LD1h) of the venom of this species (CGV) in various animals. Results show the values of LD1h of crude CGV are 1.3mg/kg in mice, 4mg/kg in chickens and 0.09mg/kg in goldfishes. These values represent the lowest value of venoms in various species of Conus examined by the author.However, it is impossible to estimate the lethal dose (even not LD1h) in humans directly by means of experiment. Therefore the lethal dose for humans was estimated by means of 1) examination of the records of Conus-stings in the world and 2) measurement of the quantity of CGV thought to be injected into a victim by the snail.1) From an analysis of the record of Conus-stings collected by Shirai (June 1982) and 3 cases investigated by the author (Sep. 1982) it can be concluded that C. geographus injects in one attack crude CGV in ammount corresponding to LD70 in humans. Consequently, it was fatal in the cases of small men or children stung by large snails and death came within 40 minutes to 5 hours after the sting but larger men stung by smaller snails were saved.2) It has already been proven by the author that C. geographus injects its venom only in the amount charged within a single radular tooth into the victim according to its predatory behavior. As a result of the measurement of the volume of capacity of a single radular tooth from C. geographus in several sizes, the amount of raw crude CGV which would be injected into a human was converted into 0.06 to 0.2mg in dry weight.Thus the lethal dose of CGV in humans was estimated to be 1 to 3μg/kg. However in 2 cases of geographus cone-stings which occured in Okinawa on Jul. 22 and Aug. 17 in 1982, both doses of CGV are presumed to be only 0.2 and 0.5μg/kg respectively according to the estimation in this report. Yet the patients fell into severe paralysis of voluntary movement accompanied by disturbance of speech and dyspnea. They subsequently recovered in a hospital aided by medical treatment.

著者

横尾 能範 瀬林 伝

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.6, pp.841-850, 1981-02-28 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

22

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Although the harmful effects of noise may be reduced by a person's becoming accustomed to it the authors have analyzed the relation between the thinking process and chronic exposure to noise. The experimental results show that school children who are used to noise are more affected by the noise on their thinking process than the other children.Eleven year old children were given thinking problems in which a female feacher read 3 digit numbers at a constant level, after which the subjects had to write down each number in reverse order. Some of the problems were given with a background of railway noise at various levels and the results obtained were analyzed to determine the effects of the presence of noise, noise levels and of chronic exposure to noise.Based on the results, it is suggested that some habituation to suppress studying activities such as “suspention of thinking” or “abandoning work” are formad on the children who always do their thinking in a noisy environment.

著者

阪本 州弘 大和田 国夫 庄司 博延 田中 平三

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.5, pp.446-452, 1970-12-30 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

6

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A study was made on the relationship between birth order and menarche age of 1715 females students of high school and college in Osaka Prefecture in 1968. Results are as follows:1) The median of menarche age for birth order was 13 years and 1 month in the groups of one or two siblings with no relation of birth order. In 3 or over 4 sibling groups, however, the median of menarche age increased with an increase of birth order as follows; the median was 13 years, 13 years and 1 month, and 13 years and 4 months for the group of first, second and third birth order respectively.2) The distribution of the menarche age was analysed by the model in which was composed of 3 parameters of m, σ and λ; m was mean age in the complete stage of the preparation for menarche, σ was variance of the age and λ was the force of effect of external stimulation for menarche appearance.In a single sibling m was 12 years and 8 months, in two siblings group m was 12 years and 6 months, and 12 years and 10 months for first and second birth order respectively, therefore, the latter was 4 months later than the former. In the 3 siblings group, m became later with an increase of birth order as follows; 12 years and 7 months, 12 years and 6 months, 12 years and 9 months for the fiirst, second and third birth order respectively. λ was remarkably high in one sibling group and in the youngest for over two siblings groups.

著者

Ai Hori Takahiro Tabuchi Naoki Kunugita

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine (ISSN:1342078X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.5, 2023 (Released:2023-01-18)

参考文献数

25

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Background: Heated tobacco product (HTP) use has increased substantially between 2016 and 2017 in Japan. This study aims to clarify how HTP use (IQOS, Ploom, and glo) spread across the different combustible cigarette smoking statuses during 2015–16 and 2017–18 in Japan.Methods: We compared the two periods of (i) 2015 to 2016 (N = 5,366) and (ii) 2017 to 2018 (N = 3,422) from a longitudinal study randomly sampling members from the Japan “Society and New Tobacco” Internet Survey (JASTIS). Multivariable logistic regression models for current HTP use in the previous 30 days by combustible cigarette smoking status in the previous year were used adjusting for socio-demographic factors.Results: HTP use increased by 10 times in the 2017–18 cohort compared with the 2015–16 cohort according to the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for current HTP use as 10.2 (7.03–14.8). According to smoking status, significantly higher adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of current HTP use for the after period were observed: 2.60 (1.37–4.94) for never smokers, 7.82 (3.64–16.8) for former smokers, 21.1 (5.73–77.9) for current smokers with intention to quit, and 17.0 (9.58–30.3) for current smokers without intention to quit.Conclusion: During 2015 to 2018 in Japan, HTP use dramatically increased in all subgroups except for never smokers.

著者

Jiayu He Yuanyuan Liu Ai Zhang Qianfeng Liu Xueli Yang Naixiu Sun Baoqun Yao Fengchao Liang Xiaochang Yan Yang Liu Hongjun Mao Xi Chen Nai-jun Tang Hua Yan

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine (ISSN:1342078X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.3, 2023 (Released:2023-01-11)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

1

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Background: Weather conditions are a possible contributing factor to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of irreversible loss of vision. The present study evaluated the joint effects of meteorological factors and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on AMD.Methods: Data was extracted from a national cross-sectional survey conducted across 10 provinces in rural China. A total of 36,081 participants aged 40 and older were recruited. AMD was diagnosed clinically by slit-lamp ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Meteorological data were calculated by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis and were matched to participants’ home addresses by latitude and longitude. Participants’ individual PM2.5 exposure concentrations were calculated by a satellite-based model at a 1-km resolution level. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models paired with interaction analysis were performed to investigate the joint effects of meteorological factors and PM2.5 on AMD.Results: The prevalence of AMD in the study population was 2.6% (95% CI 2.42–2.76%). The average annual PM2.5 level during the study period was 63.1 ± 15.3 µg/m3. A significant positive association was detected between AMD and PM2.5 level, temperature (T), and relative humidity (RH), in both the independent and the combined effect models. For PM2.5, compared with the lowest quartile, the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across increasing quartiles were 0.828 (0.674,1.018), 1.105 (0.799,1.528), and 2.602 (1.516,4.468). Positive associations were observed between AMD and temperature, with ORs (95% CI) of 1.625 (1.059,2.494), 1.619 (1.026,2.553), and 3.276 (1.841,5.830), across increasing quartiles. In the interaction analysis, the estimated relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) and the attributable proportion (AP) for combined atmospheric pressure and PM2.5 was 0.864 (0.586,1.141) and 1.180 (0.768,1.592), respectively, indicating a synergistic effect between PM2.5 and atmospheric pressure.Conclusions: This study is among the first to characterize the coordinated effects of meteorological factors and PM2.5 on AMD. The findings warrant further investigation to elucidate the relationship between ambient environment and AMD.

著者

Masayuki Shima Narumi Tokuda Hideki Hasunuma Yoshiko Kobayashi Hiroyuki Tanaka Hideaki Sawai Hiroaki Shibahara Yasuhiro Takeshima Munetaka Hirose the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) Group

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine (ISSN:1342078X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.37, 2022 (Released:2022-09-28)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

3

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Background: Epidural analgesia relives pain during labor. However, the long-term effects on neurodevelopment in children remain unclear. We explored associations between exposure to epidural analgesia during labor and childhood neurodevelopment during the first 3 years of life, in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), a large-scale birth cohort study.Methods: Pregnant women were recruited between January 2011 and March 2014, and 100,304 live births of singleton children born at full-term by vaginal delivery, and without congenital diseases were analyzed. Data on mothers and children were collected using a self-administered questionnaires and medical record transcripts. The children’s neurodevelopment was repeatedly assessed for five domains (communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving, and personal-social), using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition, at six time points from age 6 to 36 months. After adjusting for potential confounders, the associations between exposure to epidural analgesia during labor and children’s neurodevelopment at each time point were assessed.Results: Of the 42,172 children with valid data at all six time points, 938 (2.4%) were born to mothers who received epidural analgesia during labor. Maternal exposure to epidural analgesia was associated with neurodevelopmental delays during the first 3 years after birth. Delay risks in gross and fine motor domains were the greatest at 18 months (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.40 [1.06, 1.84] and 1.54 [1.17, 2.03], respectively), subsequently decreasing. Delay risks in communication and problem-solving domains were significantly high at 6 and 24 months, and remained significant at 36 months (aOR [95% CI]: 1.40 [1.04, 1.90] and 1.28 [1.01, 1.61], respectively). Exposure to epidural analgesia was also associated with the incidence of problem solving and personal-social delays from 18 to 24 months old. Neurodevelopmental delay risks, except for communication, were dominant in children born to mothers aged ≥30 years at delivery.Conclusions: This study showed that maternal exposure to epidural analgesia during labor was associated with neurodevelopmental delays in children during the first 3 years after birth.

著者

村嶋 恵 菊池 有利子 野見山 哲生 熊谷 奈美 大前 和幸 渡邊 昌 赤倉スタディグループ

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.31-37, 2004-01-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1 2

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Objective: Absorption of cadmium is increased by deficiency of iron in animals, but it is uncertain that the same phenomenon occurs in humans. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between cadmium and iron in the body and to evaluate the influence of dietary habits.Methods: Twenty-five healthy women, aged 20-23 years, were selected by excluding those with renal disease and habitual constipation. They participated in the dietary intervention study to estimate tolerable weekly intake of Cd for 3 weeks in the same dormitory. At 3 months before, at 0 Day, at the 12th Day of the study and 9 months after the study, health check-ups were performed, and Cd in the blood and urine, hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron (iron) and serum ferritin (ferritin) were measured.Results: Cd concentration in the blood (B-Cd) showed a significant correlation with Cd concentration in the urine (U-Cd), and inverse correlation with the body iron storage, such as Hb, iron and ferritin. A food frequency questionnaire showed that no subject showed insufficient dietary intake of iron. Subjects who had eaten grain, millet and brown rice showed higher levels of B-Cd and U-Cd and low levels of Hb, iron and ferritin.Conclusion: Absorption of Cd tended to increase according to a low level of body iron storage among healthy young women.

著者

大和田 国夫 田中 平三 伊東 正明 政田 喜代子

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.243-247, 1972-06-28 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

10 5

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This paper is concerned with studying the developmental changes which occur in sensitivity to the 4 primary taste qualities viz. sweet (sucrose), sour (citric acid), bitter (quinine sulfate) and salty (sodium chloride).Results are as follows:1. Taste threshold values and difference threshold values for the 4 taste qualities increased with age and showed a peak at the age of 60. These values slightly decreased at the age of 70.2. An increase of salty taste threshold values with aging were more marked than other taste threshold values.3. Either sex failed to reveal significant differences for taste sensitivity.4. Significant differences in taste threshold, especially bitter taste, were observed between smokers and non-smokers.5. False dentures (complete) appeared to influence slightly taste threshold values.

著者

岸 玲子 池田 聰子 三宅 浩次 内野 栄治

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.6, pp.836-842, 1983-02-28 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

2 2

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In order to determine both the distributional variation of heavy metals and the relationship between lead and essential metals in rats poisoned by lead, a study was undertaken using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The cerebral lead concentration increased according to the amount of lead administered. The distribution patterns of lead in seven regions of the brain were significantly different between lead-treated animals and controls. In the latter, the differences in lead concentration among the individual regions were statistically significant, with the lowest levels reported for the cortex. In contrast, the cortex and hippocampus had the higher concentration in rats to which 45μg/g or 90μg/g of lead had been administered. Those given 180μg/g body weight showed uniform accumulations in all cerebral regions.Iron concentrations were highest in the hippocampus, while zinc and copper concentrations were distributed almost uniformly. No statistically signigicant loss of essential elements was recorded from the brains of lead-treated animals, but significant decreases of copper from the liver and of iron from the whole blood were found.

著者

前田 隆子 田中 俊行 大城 等 船川 一彦 能勢 隆之 今井 昭二 林 康久

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.3, pp.781-787, 1990-08-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2 2

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This study reports the contents of Zn and Cu in the breast milk and serum of postpartum mothers, 17 primiparas and 20 multiparas, at one week and at one month after delivery.Results were as follows.1. The mean content of Zn in the breast milk was 5.44μg/ml at 1 week after delivery, and it decreased significantly (p<0.01) to 2.73μg/ml at 1 month after delivery.2. The mean content of Zn in serum was 0.66μg/ml at 1 week, and it increased significantly (p<0.01) to 0.84μg/ml, close to the normal level, at 1 month.3. The milk Zn level at 1 week after delivery was about 8 times as high as the Zn in serum. There was a significant (p<0.05) negative correlation in Zn contents between milk and serum at 1 week after delivery, and there was no significant correlation in Zn contents between milk and serum at 1 month after delivery.4. The mean content of Cu in breast milk was 0.55μg/ml at 1 week after delivery, and it decreased to 0.44μg/ml at 1 month after delivery.5. The mean content of Cu in serum was 2.14μg/ml at 1 week after delivery, and it decreased significantly (p<0.01) to 1.35μg/ml, close to the normal level, at 1 month after delivery.6. Concerning the Cu contents of milk and serum, there was not a significant correlation at 1 week after delivery, but a significant (p<0.05) positive correlation was found at 1 month after delivery.

著者

松島 文子 飯塚 舜介

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.528-534, 2001-07-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

5 7

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We measured the aluminum contents in foods and pharmaceuticals, and the aluminum concentrations in urine by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with polarized Zeeman background correction to obtain the daily intake and excretion of aluminum. The daily urinary excretions of aluminum in healthy females were obtained after consuming sea algae, hizikia fusiforme, which has a high aluminum contents. Daily aluminum excretion did not increase after taking hizikia fusiforme. On the other hand, high aluminum excretions were observed after taking an analgesic/antipyretic with a high aluminum contents, compared with the usual daily aluminum excretion (p<0.001), and compared with after taking an analgesic/antipyretic with no aluminum (p<0.0001). We found that the daily urinary excretion of aluminum was not related to the total consumption of aluminum, but depended on the binding state of aluminum consumed.

著者

Hiromi Iida Yoshikazu Kaise Kazuyoshi Aiiso

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi (Japanese Journal of Hygiene) (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.3, pp.354-358, 1958-08-01 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

6

著者

吉田 康久 河野 公一 原田 章 豊田 秀三 渡辺 美鈴 岩崎 錦

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.450-458, 1978-06-30 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 5

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耐熱性の目的でポリアミド, ポリエステルが近年比較的多量に用いられているが, その限界温度以上での使用または廃棄時に毒性のある熱分解成分が生成する可能性がある。本研究はこれを解明する目的で空気中熱分解ガス等を, ガスクロマトグラフ, 同マススペクトログラフにより分析するとともに, また, 動物試験としてマウスについて急性暴露を行って, その主要死因を確かめたものである。熱分解ガスとしてポリエステルでは一酸化炭素, エタン, プロピレン, アセトアルデヒド, ベンゼン等が, また, ポリアミドではこれらの成分に加えてアンモニア, ペンテン等が検出されたが, 毒性並びに発生量よりみて一酸化炭素が優勢な成分として推定された。動物試験では, 単一, 一時間暴露, 一週間観察による概算的致死濃度がポリアミドで79.6g, ポリエステルで30.5g/1000l空気であり, この場合一酸化炭素濃度が2700∼3000ppmと認められた。この一酸化炭素が主要死因であることは, 血液の一酸化炭素飽和度をガスクロマトグラフにより分析した結果, その値が55%を越えることから確認することができた。フユーム, またはグリース状物質として発生する熱分解成分は, 生成後直ちに凝集してその大きさ100μm以上に達し, また, 赤外分光分析により原試料に近似した構造を示すので, ある種のフッ素樹脂の熱分解における特異なポリマーフユーム熱の原因にはなり得ないと考えられる。動物試験ではまた暴露後48時間程度に肺水腫等の傾向が認められて死亡する場合も多いので, 一酸化炭素につぐ比較的毒性の大なる第2の致死因子が存在することも確実である。したがって, もし実際の症例においては, 予後における十分な観察と早期の治療が必要なものと指摘される。