著者

山本 和子 緒方 昭 中森 靖郎 浅野 長一郎 畠中 駿逸

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.4, pp.416-424, 1973-10-30 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

12

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The purpose of this paper is to make clear a comprehensive relationship between two groups of measurements of blood pressure and physical constitution. The first group of measurements include pulse rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, and the second group of measurements include height, weight, chest circumference, circumference of the upper arm and sitting height.These figures are taken from the Nutrition Survey of Japanese, including 6617 males and 8909 females, investigated in May, 1961.Appling the canonical correlation analysis, we found the following results.1) Only two canonical correlations were statistically significant.2) The value of the first canonical correlation was 0.262 for males and 0.381 for females. The corresponding canonical variables were considered as a blood pressure factor and a physical type factor, respectively.3) It seemed that, as the physical type factor changed with age, the blood pressure factor also changed proportionately.4) The value of the second canonical correlation was rather small but significant, 0.094 for males and 0.108 for females. The corresponding canonical variables seemed to be a pulse-pressure factor and a second physical type factor related to weight (positive) and chest circumference (negative).5) In addition, it was also found that the pulse rate has little to do with the physical type.

著者

中村 裕之

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.4, pp.872-886, 1988-10-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

54

被引用文献数

1

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In order to clarify the involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in the responses of organisms to exposure to whole body vibration, dopamine (DA) metabolism and levels of DA-related neuropeptides: substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI), somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SRIF-LI) and neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (NT-LI) in various discrete regions of the rat brain were examined in the following three groups; a group exposed to whole body vibration (4G, 20Hz, 1.5 hours), a group exposed to noise (68-72 dB (A), 1.5 hours) associated with the driving of a vibration generator, and a control group. Simultaneously, changes of both rectal temperatures and plasma corticosterone levels and the development of gastric ulcers were examined as indices of the autonomic-endocrine function.1. Rectal temperatures and plasma corticosterone levels were increased by the exposure to whole body vibration, as compared with those of the group exposed to noise. Furthermore, gastric ulcers developed in all of the rats exposed to whole body vibration.2. The whole body vibration increased the DA turnover rate in the frontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens, compared with those in the noise group. SP-LI in the nucleus accumbens was also increased significantly.3. The striatal SRIF-LI was increased in the rats subjected to whole body vibration.4. SP-LI and SRIF-LI in the amygdala were increased in the whole body vibration group as compared with in the noise group. A significant increase of NT-LI was also observed in the hypothalamus.5. SP-LI was reduced and NT-LI was increased in the frontal cortex of the rats exposed to whole body vibration.6. The noise exposure caused no changes in rectal temperature, plasma corticosterone levels or gastric mucosa. However, the DA turnover in the amygdala increased significantly compared with that of the control group, suggesting that the DA neurons projecting to the amygdala were involved in emotional changes induced by the exposure to noise stress.7. The combined effects of noise and whole body vibration could not be observed in this study.In conclusion, the findings obtained in the present study indicate that DA systems in the CNS, especially the mesocortical DA system, may be involved in various responses of the organism, including emotional changes in a functional relationship with SP, SRIF and NT neuron systems in various brain regions when subjected to whole body vibration.

著者

岡本 和士 柳生 聖子 大野 和子 岡本 伸夫 高橋 玲 大塚 亨 前田 清 斎藤 征夫 加藤 孝之

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.5, pp.1028-1035, 1988-12-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

39

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We examined the relationship of body fat distribution to lipid metabolism in 50 obese women who participated in a weight reduction program.Body fat distribution was assessed by measurement of the waist-to-hip size ratio (WHR), minimal waist size and maximal hip size measured in a standing position.Obese women were separated into two subgroups by WHR; predominantly upper- or lower-body-segment obesity (UBSO or LBSO).After adjusting for ideal body weight, we found significantly high correlations with WHR (r=0.82, p<0.01), serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, VLDL and ApoB, which were significantly higher in UBSO; while HDL-ch and ApoA-1 were significantly lower in UBSO than LBSO.However, in UBSO, serum triglyceride and A. I. were significantly decreased; and HDL-ch was significantly increased after weight reduction.In conclusion, we suggested that the site of fat predominance offers a better diagnostic or prognostic marker for lipid metabolism abnormality than the degree of obesity alone.

著者

砂川 武 三尾 隆弥 住野 公昭

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.500-513, 2001-07-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

1

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The oxidative decomposition of skin lipids by UV exposure and its cell toxicity were studied in vivo and in vitro, using guinea pigs, to investigate the role of oxidative damage in cell membranes and mitochondria in nuclear genome DNA damage resulting in skin cell death by ultraviolet (UV) exposure.Two new methods were developed for this research: selective methylation by trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMSCHN2) of free fatty acids in crude skin lipids for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, and the improvement of the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction for lipid peroxide analysis, which was obtained by adding 0.01% BHT and 1mM EDTA, an antioxidant additive, into the reaction system described by Ohkawa.The following findings were noted:1. Using an optical microscope, the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes was noted after skin tissue was exposed to UV.2. The increase of lipid peroxide in exposed areas was small. In the epidermis the increase was about 2 times higher than the non-exposed areas.3. The fragments of lipid were generated in accordance with the increase of free fatty acids (C16:0, C18:1, :2, C18:0) in the surface of the exposed skin by GC-MS precise assay, and the level of 7-dehydrocholesterol was decreased.4. The skin homogenate received peroxidation by ultraviolet more easily than living skin, and its peroxidation was inhibited with fat-soluble antioxidative agents such as flavonoids, BHT, BHA, and vitamin E and the metal chelating agent such as Fenton reaction inhibitor as expected; however, it was promoted by water soluble antioxidative agents such as glutathione and vitamin C, which are useful to the human body.5. Steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as indomethacin and aspirin, had no inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation by ultraviolet as properties of chemicals.

著者

三根 晴雄

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.8, pp.964-971, 1959-12-01 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

7

著者

吉村 博之

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.6, pp.848-865, 1983-02-28 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

83

被引用文献数

1 1

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The increase in the standard population death rate from pulmonary cancer warrants attention. Three factors can be attributed to this increase: air pollution, cigarette smoking, and occupational exposure to carcinogens. The present paper reports on the results of a study of the relationship between air pollution and pulmonary cancer. Rats, mice, and hamsters were subjected to up to 12 months exposure to diluted gasoline engine exhaust containing 300±50ppm CO, 0.21ppm NO, 0.08ppm NO2, 28ppmC hydrocarbon in the form of methane and 32ppb O3. Further experimentation consisted of combined treatments with carcinogens-rats with diisopropanolnitrosamine, mice with ethylcalbamate, and hamsters with diethylnitrosamine to determine whether the incidence of tumors would increase. No animals exposed exclusively to exhaust gas diveloped pulmonary tumors, indicating that exhaust caused no lung tumorigenesis. However, the frequency of pulmomary tumors increased in animals subjected to combinations of exhaust and carcinogens. The incidence of malignant pulmonary tumors in the rats group exposed for 12 months to carcinogens only was 8.7%, while that in the group exposed to the combination was 30.3%, with the rates for mice 72.7% as against 91.7%, and for hamsters, 3.8% as against 10%. The results indicate that gasoline engine exhaust increases the development of lung tumors, and that exhaust plus other carcinogens significantly increases the risks.

著者

小山 洋 佐藤 雅彦 遠山 千春

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.4, pp.624-635, 2003-01-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

90

被引用文献数

2 1

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As the last manuscript in our series of review articles on cadmium (Cd) and health effects, we reviewed research articles on epidemiologic and experimental studies on exposure levels of Cd in occupational and environmental settings in various countries, disposition and body burden of Cd, critical concentrations of Cd in the kidney of humans and animals with a focus on biomarkers for renal dysfunction, and life expectancy in Cd-polluted areas and reference areas. After this manuscript was compiled, cadmium levels in rice crops received significant attention, since the risk assessment of cadmium is now under review and discussion by the Joint Expert Committee of Food Additives and Contaminants organized by the Food Agricultural Organization and World Health Organization in 2003. We hope that the information compiled in this review may provide directions for future studies on the health risk assessment of Cd.

著者

砂田 毅 加藤 智雄 谷戸 恵子

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.5, pp.325-338, 1966-12-10 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

23

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Japanese goldfish is adequate for toxicity testing in the field because of low cost and easiness in lethal effect testing compared with commonly used laboratory species such as mice or rats. 24-hr TLm for many food additives, poisons and inorganic compounds in goldfish were measured, and we demonstrated its usefulness for the field test in case like the powdered milk poisoning case which had occurred in Japan in 1955 with more than ten thousands injureds babies and one hundred and thirty deaths owing to contamination of preservatives added to milk with arsenic compounds. Further, by this method, lethal effects of mixed chemicals could be easily observed. For such an example, increased toxicity of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in the presence of pentasodium tripolyphate was demonstrated.

著者

津金 昌一郎

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.4, pp.775-784, 1992-10-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1 3

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Over a million people of Japanese origin reside in South America. However, only a limited number of studies on their health status and lifestyle factors affecting it have been carried out. The author and his co-workers have been conducting a series of field surveys on the health situation and lifestyle factors in Japanese immigrants and their descendants in various areas of South America.The subjects of the first-phase study were residents in four agricultural settlements (colonies) in the suburbs of Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia. The levels of minerals and heavy metals in the hair were measured, and significant variations were found in several elements. These different levels were found to be regulated by the environmental level of their living place and by the dietary pattern.In the second-phase study, several health-related indicators such as blood pressure, anthropometric features, viral infection markers in sera, and dietary pattern were investigated in two group of immigrants, one from Okinawa and the other from the mainland of Japan, both living in Bolivia. Differences in health situation and lifestyle were identified between them. Traditional habits seen in their original places of residence in Japan still existed in their life in Bolivia, while the introduction of Bolivian lifestyle was prevalent among them.Although the number of Japanese residents in Brazil is largest in the world outside of Japan, little has been known about their health situation. The subjects of the third-phase study were Japanese Brazilians. A descriptive epidemiologic study was carried out, and the mortality and incidence of cancer were determined. Some changes in disease pattern were noted when compared with Japanese in Japan, but these changes were not as marked as in the case of Japanese in the U. S.. A cross-sectional study on the lifestyle factors of Japanese residents in São Paulo showed some differences in health-related indicators and dietary habits in comparison with Japanese living in five areas of Japan. Such differences were also found among Japanese in São Paulo according to the place of origin in Japan.These series of studies in Japanese immigrants in South America showed the importance of lifestyle factors, especially dietary habits, for the health situation.

著者

梶田 悦子 伊木 雅之 飛田 芳江 三田村 純枝 日下 幸則 緒方 昭 寺本 路夫 土田 千賀 山本 和高 石井 靖

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.4, pp.893-900, 1995-10-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

11 9

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We recruited community-dwelling women for participation in a study to investigate the effects of risk factors in lifestyle on bone mineral density (BMD). The subjects were 177 women aged 35 years and over living in a rural area in Fukui Prefecture. Their BMD of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In addition to measurements of height, body weight and grip strength, the lifestyles of the women, including physical load in work, sporting activities, smoking habits, calcium intake, and history of bone fracture were interviewed in detail.Adjusted for age, the BMD significantly correlated to body weight (r=0.337, p<0.05 for premenopausal women and r=0.289, p<0.01 for postmenopausal women) and body mass index (kg/m2) (r=0.291, p<0.05 for premenopausal women and r=0.190, p<0.05 for postmenopausal women). These results indicated the lower body weight to be a risk factor for the osteoporotic process in middle-aged and aged women. With respect to the grip strength as a physical fitness indicator, a significant correlation coefficient (r=0.267, p<0.01) with BMD was obtained for postmenopausal women independent of age and body weight.In univariate analysis, BMD showed no significant correlations with sporting activities, smoking habits, lower back pain and history of bone fracture for either premenopausal women or postmenopausal women. In multiple regression analysis using age, calcium intake, physical load in work, body weight, grip strength, and sporting activities, the latter three variables had significantly increasing effects on BMD, while aging and menopause had significantly negative effects on BMD.Thus, physical excercise was suggested to protect middle-aged and aged women from the osteoporotic process, probably through either maintaining or enhancing muscle strength.

著者

西野 治身 田中 朋子 土肥 祥子 伊木 雅之 梶田 悦子 日下 幸則 鏡森 定信

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.4, pp.807-815, 1994-10-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

4 2

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Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (BMD) and biochemical markers for bone turnover were examined to study the mechanisms of age-related and menopause-related bone loss. We measured BMD of the lumbar spine and serum bone alkaline phosphatase (B-AlP) and bone gla-protein (BGP) as markers of bone formation and fasting urinary creatinine-adjusted hydroxyproline (Hyp/Cr) and calcium (Ca/Cr) as those of bone resorption in 166 community-dwelling Japanese women.A highly significant positive correlation between age and each of the biochemical markers, except for Ca/Cr, was observed. This relationship was not linear. Marked elevation in the levels of the markers was found in women in their sixth decade women compared with those in their fifth.All the markers correlated inversely with the BMD and these relationships remained significant after elimination of the effect of age by partialization. When analyzing the subjects in each five-year age group, the positive correlation of Hyp/Cr with Ca/Cr was significant in the subjects aged 45 to 49 and the negative correlation of Hyp/Cr with BMD was significant in those aged 50 to 54. B-AlP correlated positively with BGP in the subjects aged between 50 and 54 and inversely with BMD in those aged between 55 and 59. These correlations were significant. Thus, intercorrelations between the markers were observed five years earlier than were correlations between the markers and BMD. Such associations appeared earlier in terms of the markers for bone resorption than in terms of the markers for bone formation.In the subjects aged 50 to 54 who had encountered menopause more than three years previously, BGP and Hyp/Cr were elevated compared with those in the premenopausal women of similar age and a significant correlation between Hyp/Cr and BMD was observed. Therefore, menopause seemed to account for the uncoupled activation in the bone metabolism found in the subjects around 50 years of age.The decrease in bone mass observed in our subjects around 50 years of age as a result of uncoupling of bone formation and resorption was suggested to be initiated by activation of bone resorption caused by menopause preceding activation of bone formation.

著者

今木 雅英 三好 保 藤井 正信 小島 俊男 多田 敏子 勢井 雅子 高橋 仁 山崎 亮治 藤田 久雄 大木元 繁 石本 寛子 伊藤 里美

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.4, pp.905-912, 1991-10-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

2 2

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The digestibilities of nutrients and energy in Shiitke mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) was measured in healthy adult males. A test diet was given for 5 days after 5 days on a basal diet which supplied 40g/day of protein and 45kcal/kg/day of energy. The test diet was identical with the basal diet except that shiitake was incorporated. Digestibility was calculated by the difference of fecal output between the test period and the basal period. The results obtained were follows:1. Shiitake 60g/day intake levelDigestibility of protein was 69.3±11.2%.Digestibility of fat was 66.6±24.9%.Digestibility of carbohydrate was 55.7±10.5%.The ratio of the total available energy to intake energy (Net Energy Availability) was 55.4±15.4%.2. Shiitake 40g/day intake levelDigestibility of protein was 85.5±23.8%.Digestibility of fat was 70.0±90.1%.Digestibility of carbohydrate was 65.8±13.1%.The ratio of the total available energy to intake energy (Net Energy Availability) was 67.4±25.9%.

著者

米山 京子 池田 順子 永田 久紀

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.4, pp.770-779, 1997-01-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

2 5

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1994年7月および10月に,出産後21-590日,年齢21-42歳で乳,乳製品を摂取しない者を比較的多く含む授乳婦105名を対象に,母乳中Ca濃度,1日尿中のH.P,Caのクレアチニン補正値(H.P/Cre,Ca/Cre),超音波法により測定された踵骨の骨密度および乳,乳製品摂取状況の相互の関連性を解析し,母乳中Ca濃度の維持機構について考察した。1.尿中のH.P/Creの幾何平均値(M±SD)は授乳期間が5ヵ月未満,それ以上の場合,それぞれ40.7(31-61),36.3(28-47)mg/gで,骨吸収が亢進していることが示された。2.尿中H.P/Creは乳,乳製品の摂取頻度が少ない程,牛乳摂取量が少ない程有意に高く,牛乳摂取量が1日100ml以下の場合には,尿中H.P/Creと母乳中Ca濃度間には有意の正相関が認められた。これらの結果は,Ca摂取量が少ない程骨吸収が亢進して母乳中のCaを補償することを示唆する。3.牛乳摂取量が1日100ml以下の場合,母乳中Ca濃度は骨密度と有意の正相関が見られたことから,Ca摂取量が少ない場合でも骨密度が低い場合には母乳のCaは補償されないことが示唆された。4.牛乳摂取量に関わらず,尿中Ca/Creが低い程母乳中Ca濃度が有意に高かったことから,母乳中Ca濃度の維持に腎臓でのCaの保持機構が関与することが確認された。

著者

清水 英佑 鈴木 勇司 林 和夫 安藤 皓章

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.6, pp.1088-1094, 1992-02-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

27

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In spite of strict laws prohibiting it, criminal cases involving marijuana abuse are increasing, resulting in a serious social problem in Japan. The most common method of ingestion is smoking, since abusers feel that this method produces quick psychological effects controversial. Marijuana is known to induce psychological addiction, but it's genotoxic effects are still argued. Marijuana smoking tar has been extracted from seized pipes. The amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the tar were weighed and the mutagenic activity was tested.The results are as follows:1) Five of the seven PAHs were detected in marijuana tar, although benzo (e) pyrene and perylene were not.2) There was more pyrene than any other substance detected in the tar, with fluoranthene having the next highest concentration.3) Mutagenic activity was observed in all samples, with relative mutagenic potency ranging from 0.03 to 1.59.4) The type of smoking pipe and burning temperature may affect the mutagenic activity and the amount of PAH.5) Since marijuana smoking tar contains carcinogens, promoters, and mutagens, there is a risk of developing cancer just as in the case of tobacco.

著者

Wolfgang Gerhard LOCHER

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine (ISSN:1342078X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.6, pp.238-245, 2007 (Released:2007-12-01)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

2

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Max von Pettenkofer (1818–1901) belonged to the scientific elite of the 19th century. With his stringent search for the laws of nature and his fight for scientific truth, Pettenkofer was the prototype of a modern researcher. In the field of hygiene, he sought ways and means of preserving health and preventing sickness. With his consistent application of the experimental method to the field of public health, Pettenkofer helped the discipline of hygiene to provide precise and reliable answers to sanitary questions. In his experimental work on hygiene, Pettenkofer sought an answer to every imaginable question concerning the connection between the human organism and its environment. To proceed in this direction, Pettenkofer combined medical expertise with physics, chemistry, technique and statistics. This even today modern “crossover-thinking” made hygiene to the first interdisciplinary medical field. With his Institute of Hygiene, Pettenkofer established 1879 the first centre of competence for hygiene and environment in the world, opening a new era of environmental observation. In the framework of hygiene, Pettenkofer turned also to questions of nutrition and the quality of foodstuff. The science of hygiene owes to Max von Pettenkofer not only its development and cartography, but also its introduction as an academic discipline. Finally he regarded hygiene also as an economic and cultural feature. His idea about a clean soil in the cities and his promotion of adequate water supply and sufficient sewage networks are linked to his theory of the cholera. Pettenkofer believed that a battle against this epidemic could be won.

著者

大場 健吉

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.6, pp.494-511, 1971-02-28 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

66

被引用文献数

1 4

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Most houses in Japan were provided with cesspool- or septic tank-percolation field system for domestic sewage disposal. The author carried out a two-year test on biodegradation of linear aklylate sulfonate (LAS) under the cesspool-percolation field, prior to the detergent conversion to biodegradable surfactants. Good drainage was sustained with the test LAS cesspool in comparison with the former ABS cesspool; so the test cesspool-percolation field system maintained an unsaturated soil condition.Under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, analysis on bacterial flora of the LAS cesspool was carried out on soil and waste taken from the cesspool. Among LAS assimilable bacterial species as Micrococcus, Aerobacter, Flavobacter, Paracolobactrum, Alcaligenes and Pseudomonas, a Pseudomonas sp. appeared to play the main role in the process of surfactant biodegradation. The Pseudomonas was named as Pseudomonas surfactassimilas nov. sp..Taxonomical characteristics of Pseudomonas surfactassimilas nov. sp. are as follows;The strain is Gram-negative rods and motile with a polar flagellum. Branching is not found.Rods: 0.4 to 0.6 by 1.2 to 1.5 microns.Nutrient agar colonies: Circular, smooth, entire, flat, yellowish gray.Nutrient agar slant: smooth, glistening, transluent, yellowish gray, medium unchanged.Potato: Growth moderate, creamy to yellowish gray.Litmus milk: Unchanged.Aerobic, facultative.Non fluorescence on King's media.Catalase: Negative.Kovacs' oxidase test: Positive.Gelatin Stab: No liquefaction.Nitrates: Not reduced.Acetylmethyl carbinol: Not produced.Urease: Negative.Indol: Not produced.Hydrogen sulfide: Not produced.Ammonium citrate: Not utilized.Starch: Not hydrolyzed.Casein: Not hydrolyzed.Cellulose: Not attacked.Glucose, lactose, sucrose: Not fermented.Citric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, fumaric acid: Used as a sole source of carbon.Valeric acid, propionic acid, butyric acid: Not utilized as a sole source of carbon, but used under existence of vitamins.Phenol (1%): Growth observed after twice inoculation on synthetic broth as a sole source of carbon.Surfactants with straight alkyl chain: Utilized as a sole source of carbon.Temperature relations: 20-37°C, optimum 30°C.Optimum pH: 7.0Source: Isolated from soil and waste of cesspool.When waste water was treated under aerobic circumstances, surfactants with straight alkyl chain could be decomposed by biological oxidation to the extent comparable with, or more than, the degradation of general organic substances. The cesspool-percolation field system easily maintained an unsaturated condition to avoid excessive ponding in the percolation field by periodic supply of waste water which provided aerobic condition.

著者

今木 雅英 三好 保 藤井 正信 勢井 雅子 多田 敏子 中村 武夫 棚田 成紀

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.635-641, 1990-06-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1

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日本人を対象とした穀類の消化吸収率およびエネルギー利用率に関する正確なデータがほとんどないので,これらの値を算出した。対象者は日本人青年男子4名である。7日間の基礎食,それに続いて精白米,小麦粉,そば粉のテスト食品を7日間摂取させた。実験期間中に排泄された糞および尿は全量採取し分析に供した。基礎食期とテスト食期の成分の差によって,消化吸収率およびエネルギー利用率を算出した。以下はその結果である。1) 蛋白質の消化吸収率は,精白米(粒状)89.6±5.0%,小麦粉(粉状)93.4±2.9%,そば粉85.1±2.5%であった。2) 脂質の消化吸収率は,精白米93.6±1.8%,小麦粉70.8±13.5%,そば粉103.1±8.4%であった(脂質は実験食での摂取量が少なかったため誤差も大きかった)。3) 炭水化物の消化吸収率はほとんど100%であった。4) 正味エネルギー利用率は,精白米100.6±1.4%,小麦粉96.5±1.1%,そば粉96.0±1.1%であった。

著者

宮下 道夫

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.3, pp.158-163, 1955-01-01 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

7

著者

佐藤 雅彦

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.3, pp.317-325, 2004-07-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

73

被引用文献数

4 3

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In many research groups including our laboratory, metallothionein (MT)-I/II null mice have been used to clarify the biological function and physiological role of MT. Recent studies with MT-I/II null mice concerning the role of MT in the toxicity and distribution of metal, oxidative stress and chemical carcinogenesis were reviewed. Some reports, including our findings, showed that MT-I/II null mice have an increased sensitivity to harmful metals such as cadmium, mercury, zinc and arsenic. Moreover, it was clarified using MT-I/II null mice that MT plays a major role in the retention of cadmium, mercury and zinc in target tissues. MT-I/II null mice were found to be much more sensitive than wild-type mice to the toxicity caused by free radical-inducing factors, which include paraquat, acetaminophen, ethanol, X-ray, ultraviolet B, carbon tetrachloride, cisplatin, doxorubicin, cerulein and streptozotocin. In addition, MT-I/II null mice were highly susceptible to skin carcinogenesis induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and bladder carcinogenesis caused by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine. These results suggest that MT is an important protective factor against metal toxicity, oxidative stress and chemical carcinogenesis.

著者

柳沢 文徳 竹内 端彌 川島 裕博 波多野 忠義 山口 千尋 関口 俊次郎 石川 一

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.41-45, 1957-04-01 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

6