著者

森 忠繁 竹岡 清 明石 信爾 大羽 和子

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.5, pp.589-594, 1976-12-31 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

9

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It is well known that most dust in the lecture room is chalk dust. Dust concentrations were measured at intervals of 3 minutes on a horizontal plane and a vertical plane, after wiping the blackboard for 20 seconds on which many letters were written. Also particle size distributions were measured. The state of dispersing and floating dust in the lecture room can therefore be determined. The results are discussed as a guide to the measurement of dust described in “Requirements for a healthful school environment”.The following results were obtained:1) The dust environment in the lecture room is separated into three sections by dust isoconcentration curves, that is, a position less than 2.5m distant from the blackboard shows the highest dust concentration, and a position farther than 5.0m distant from the blackboard shows the lowest dust concentration.2) Each dust concentration appears similar to a damped oscillation decreasing during 7 to 8 minutes after wiping the blackboard. After this, the dust concentration does not change but shows the floating dust concentration.3) The dust concentration at 10 minutes after wiping the blackboard is almost the same at all heights, but the farther the distance from the blackboard, the lower the concentration of dust.4) All particle sizes of chalk dust are shown to be below 7.0μ diameter (by 1-b) and the greater part are below 5.0μ diameter (by 1-b). The proportion of particles below 0.9μ diameter (by 1-b) shows no change at distances farther than 4 to 5m from the blackboard.5) In order to evaluate correctly the dust environment in the lecture room, dust concentrations should be measured at 10 minutes after wiping the blackboard. Measurements should be taken at more than three positions on the center line of the lecture room, including the teacher's desk, 2.5 to 5.0m distant and more than 5.0m from the blackboard.

著者

Fuminari Asada Takuo Nomura Kenichiro Takano Masashi Kubota Motoki Iwasaki Takayuki Oka Ko Matsudaira

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine (ISSN:1342078X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.36, 2023 (Released:2023-06-15)

参考文献数

43

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Background: We designed a quick simple exercise program that can be performed in a short period of time in real-world occupational health settings and investigated the effects of three months of program implementation on non-specific low back pain (NSLBP).Methods: Participants were 136 individuals working in the manufacturing industry. The quick simple exercise program was designed to be doable in three minutes and consisted of two exercises: a hamstring stretch and a lumbar spine rotation with forward, backward, and lateral flexion. This was a randomized controlled trial incorporating an intervention group to whom the exercises were recommended within a leaflet, and a control group to whom the exercises were not recommended. NSLBP was evaluated at baseline and after three months using numerical rating scale (NRS) scores, ranging from 0 points (no pain at all) to 10 points (worst pain imaginable). The percentages of cases that improved by a minimal clinically important difference (two points or above) were compared.Results: Overall, 76.1% of the intervention group participants performed the quick simple exercises at least once every one or two days. Three months after baseline, a significantly higher percentage of participants in the intervention group (17 participants: 25%) had NSLBP improvement of two or more points on the NRS compared to that in the control group (8 participants, 12%) (P = 0.047). The average NRS score decreased significantly from 1.87 ± 1.86 to 1.33 ± 1.60 in the intervention group but showed no significant change in the control group, transitioning from 1.46 ± 1.73 to 1.52 ± 1.83. A significant interaction was also observed between the intervention and control groups (F = 6.550, P = 0.012).Conclusions: Three months of a quick simple exercise program among workers in the manufacturing industry increased the percentage of workers with improvement in the NRS scores. This suggests that the program is effective in managing NSLBP in workers in the manufacturing industry.Trial registration: UMIN-CTR UMIN000024117.

著者

渡辺 真言

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.6, pp.512-525, 1971-02-28 (Released:2009-03-31)

参考文献数

50

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There was a relatively high incidence of group O persons among those affected by influenza A2 infection as previously reported by McDonald and Zuckermann. However, experimental proof of their statistical survey has not been obtained. The object of this study was to show the participation of ABO blood group substance and its antibody in influenza A2 infection.(1) Blood group substances of egg grown influenza viruses were studied by means of the agglutinin-inhibition test and the elution test. Concentrated, washed and methanol treated suspension of influenza viruses did not inhibit the activities of anti-A, anti-B and anti-H agglutinins. The elution test was then carried out by means of using the virus particles adhered on paper strips. The strips were sensitized with sufficient amounts of anti-A (human), anti-B (human) or anti-H (Ulex europaeus) at a low temperature, and washed with chilled normal saline. Excessively bound agglutinins were then liberated from the strips by heating up to 50°C for 20min. The presence of only anti-H agglutinin was proved in thus obtained eluates. This result indicates the content of blood group H substance in influenza A2 virus. The H substance in influenza B virus was also certified by this test method, but its quantity was assumed to be less than that of A2. For the purpose of assuring the H substance, chickens were immunized with concentrated influenza A2 (Hongkong) virus with incomplete Freund's adjuvant. In the sera of 3 out of 5 chickens, a relatively weak complete anti-H and Eisler's agglutinin were determined to have been produced.(2) After the cessation of influenza A2 (Hongkong) epidemic in 1969, 455 individuals' adult human blood samples were collected to determine blood groups, the presence or absence of complete anti-H agglutinin and the titer of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer for A2 (Hongkong) virus.Results obtained were:1) No correlation was found between the range of HI titer and the classification of blood groups, ABO, MN, P, Rh and Lewis.2) Incidence of complete anti-H agglutinin in influenza vaccine recipients' and non-recipients' sera were very similar.3) Incidence of complete anti-H agglutinin and HI titer in the sera of influenza A2 (Hongkong) vaccine non-recipients was compared. Frequency of the sera showing HI titer of 1:4 or higher were less in the group of anti-H positive group relative to the anti-H negative group. X2 test of the result, however, showed no significant difference. (Probability≈0.1)(3) Based on the results of the present study, it was assumed that the anti-H agglutinin in nasal or tracheal secretions of group A, B and AB persons could adhere to H substance of influenza A2 virus to inhibit its growth.

著者

Nlandu Roger Ngatu Kazuto Tayama Kanae Kanda Tomohiro Hirao

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine (ISSN:1342078X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.41, 2022 (Released:2022-10-21)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

2

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Background: COVID-19 pandemic is tremendously impacted by socioeconomic and health determinants worldwide. This study aimed to determine factors associated with COVID-19 fatality among member states and partner countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).Methods: An ecological study was conducted using COVID-19 data of 48 countries for the period between 31 December 2019–31 December 2021. The outcome variables were COVID-19 case fatality rate (CFR) and years of life lost to COVID-19 (YLLs). Countries’ sociodemographics and COVID-19-related data were extracted from OECD website, Our World in Data, John Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center, Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) and WHO.Results: In the first year of the pandemic (December 2019–January 2021), highest CFR was observed in Mexico, 8.51%, followed by China, 5.17% and Bulgaria, 4.12%), and highest YLLs was observed in Mexico, 2,055 per 100,000. At regional level, highest CFR was observed in North & central America, 4.25 (3.71) %, followed by South America (2.5 (0.1) %); whereas highest YLLs was observed in South America region 1457.5 (274.8) per 100,000, followed by North & central America, 1207.3 (908.1) per 100,000. As of 31 December 2021, Mexico (7.52%) and Bulgaria (4.78%) had highest CFR; on the other hand, highest YLLs was observed in England, 26.5 per 1,000, followed by the United States, 25.9 per 1,000. At regional level, highest CFR (3.37(3.19) %) and YLLs (16.7 (13) per 1,000) were both observed in North & central America. Globally, the analysis of the 2-year cumulative data showed inverse correlation between CFR and nurse per 10,000 (R = −0.48; p < 0.05) and GDP per capita (R = −0.54; p < 0.001), whereas positive correlation was observed between YLLs and elderly population rate (R = 0.66; p < 0.05) and overweight/obese population rates (R = 0.55; p < 0.05).Conclusion: This study provides insights on COVID-19 burden among OECD states and partner countries. GDP per capita, overweight/obesity and the rate of elderly population emerged as major social and health determinants of COVID-19 related burden and fatality. Findings suggest that a robust economy and interventions designed to promote healthy longevity and prevent weight gain in at-risk individuals might reduce COVID-19 burden and fatality among OECD states and partner countries.

著者

松嶋 紀子 森田 徳子 尾方 希 佐伯 圭吾 松田 亮三 車谷 典男

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.4, pp.674-681, 2003-01-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

1 1

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Objectives: To investigate the diurnal rhythm of live births labored spontaneously, and the effects of obstetric intervention on birth time distributions.Methods: The data of live births tabulated by time (one-hour intervals), date and birthplace throughout Japan between 1981 and 1998 were obtained with permission from the former Ministry of Health and Welfare. Together with an investigation of hourly birth numbers by place in each year, an annual transition of hourly birth rates in medical institutions and the diurnal rhythm of birth numbers in maternity homes and at home were analyzed using regression analysis.Results: In every calendar year studied the hourly live birth numbers at hospitals showed a singlepeak distribution pattern with maximum values at 13:00-15:00. The annual transition of hourly birth rates showed a 10% (birth numbers base) decrease in the 11:00-13:00 period in 1998 as compared with that in 1981, while there was a corresponding increase of 8% in the 13:00-15:00 period. Hourly birth numbers at clinics showed a double-peak distribution pattern with maximum values during the 11:00-12:00 and 14:00-15:00 periods in early 1980, while a single-peak distribution with a maximum value during the 13:00-15:00 period appeared in 1989 and has remained thereafter. Hourly birth rates (birth numbers base) increased by over 6% in the 13:00-15:00 and 17:00-20:00 periods over the past 18 years, while they decreased by 10% in the 9:00-13:00 period. The results at maternity homes were clearly different from those at hospitals and clinics. The live birth numbers totaled for the 18 years showed a double-phase distribution with a maximum value in the 6:00-7:00 period and a minimum value in the 19:00-20:00 period. The best-fit regression model for the obtained data was a sine curve with a maximum value at 6:00 (coefficient of determination 0.97). Hourly distributions of live births at home also fitted best to a sine curve with the maximum value again at 6:00 (coefficient of determination 0.95).Conclusions: The results suggested that the timing of spontaneous live births follows a circadian rhythm and that obstetric intervention affects time distributions of live births by shifting over 10% of births during the night and early morning to a working day service time (9:00-17:00).

著者

北村 栄美子 萩原 隆子

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.5-6, pp.472-476, 1970-02-28 (Released:2009-08-24)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1 1

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Different theories have been proposed as to the original causes of Myopia. These include heavy literary work, heredity, eye strain as well as some kinds of illumination and the habits of sleeping. Other theories have proven negative. Since the end of World War II the percentage of myopic students has increased with a present percentage of 15%. This includes the upper class student of primary schools, 28% and over for all junior high school students, 39% and over for all senior high school students, 50% and over for all college and university students.Recently physical examination data has been obtained which had been continued all through the war. This data contrasted with nation wide statistical data of physical examinations collected by the Dept. of Education enabled examination of each raw regression coefficient and the standard regression coefficient of the transition of Myopia. This was divided into the three periods of Prewar-Wartime and Postwar. The result was a mutual relationship between an annual change and occurrence in Prewar days as well as Wartime. It showed from -0.37 to -1.00 standard regression coefficient except for primary school students in agricultural districts. This tendency was especially remarkable regarding junior high school students upwards.On the contrary, in Postwar days the mutual relation reveals from 0.74 to 0.99 in remore locations the occurrence rate is decreasing in recent years.In view of these findings it has been concluded that Myopia conditions can be attributed to reading and studying habits rather than a nourishment or illumination situation.

著者

津田 敏秀 馬場園 明 三野 善央 山本 英二 宮井 正彌 茂見 潤

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.462-473, 2000-07-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

49

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As a condition to achieving an agreement of recognition on the causal relationship in medicine, we firstly explained Hume's problem and counterfactual model. We, however, emphasized that we believe in the existence of causality on medical issues in our daily lives. Therefore, we illustrated conditions when we usually believe in causality. On the other hand, we criticized two well-known key phrases, “lack of mechanism in epidemiology” and “black box in epidemiology”, which have often been used in Japan for skeptic viewpoints against epidemiologic methods even if epidemiology is often used to elucidate a causal effect in medicine in the world. We emphasized that a priori determinations of levels for inference of mechanism is necessary. And, the level and feature of mechanism should be defined in concrete expressions. After explanation of these basic concepts, we mentioned a classic view on specific diseases and non-specific diseases which have not been sufficiently discussed enough yet in Japan. As an example, we used the statements in the Japanese Compensation Law for the Health Effect by Environmental Pollution. In Japan, the classification of these diseases has been confused with that between manifestational criteria of diseases and causal criteria of them. We described the basic concepts to illustrate the causal relationship between non-specific disease and its exposure by using attached figures. Actually, we cannot recognize disease occurrence as a specific disease for several reasons. We indicated that we can recognize the magnitude of effect by causal relationships in medicine as a quantitative continuous variable.

著者

牧上 久仁子 大滝 倫子 佐藤 康仁 山口 直人

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.4, pp.450-460, 2005-11-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

10 10

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Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of mass treatment with ivermectin of scabies outbreak in institutional settings. To determine the factors, such as host susceptibility and scabetic exposure level associated with the onset of scabies.Methods: The authors investigated a nosocomial scabies outbreak in a close psychiatric ward. The index case was a man with steroid-induced localized crusted scabies. Twenty-six patients were diagnosed with scabies, 4 of them had relapse of scabies, while no staff was infested. Despite frequent surveillance and treatment of symptomatic patients with 1% gamma-benzenehexachloride (γ-BHC: Lindane), new cases were observed. Thus, all 69 patients in the ward were treated with ivermectin (200μg/kg) simultaneously on day 105 of the outbreak (the mass treatment). Patients who had scabies were compared with patients who had no scabies in terms of age, body weight, diabetes, physical functions, topical administration of corticosteroid, proximity to the index patient, and problematic behavior.Results: The mass treatment was implemented without a significant adverse event. Although two patients developed symptoms of scabies after the mass treatment, no patient in the ward had been diagnosed with scabies since the 98th day of the treatment. Regarding factors associated with the scabies onset, the only statistically significant factor was proximity to the index patient with crusted scabies.Conclusions: Oral ivermectin was safe and effective for controlling scabies in institutional settings. The exposure level to scabetic mites was more important than host susceptibility in determining the risk of scabies onset.

著者

安藤 皓章 清水 英佑 高橋 善一 福本 正勝 小此木 英男 門倉 真人

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.3, pp.692-697, 1993-08-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1 1

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Criminal cases involving stimulant abuse have increased since 1970 but have now leveled off. Some of the offenders claimed to have used the Vicks Inhaler containing a stimulant (1-methamphetamine) which is used for the treatment of nasal obstruction.The aim of this experiment was to measure the amount of 1-methamphetamine contained in the Vicks Inhaler by stimulating the human respiratory system. The results are as follows:1) The data from the stimulation experiment showed that the inhalation level of 1-methamphetamine was estimated to be 320.4ng. From this value, the level of 1-methamphetamine absorbed per one respiration was calculated to be 21ng.2) The data from quantitative and qualitative analysis by gaschromatography showed that menthol interfered with the methamphetamine.3) A qualitative test for the stimulant in urine was negative when the subject inhaled the Vicks Inhaler only once. However, this test turned positive when the subject inhaled it more than 17 times.

著者

三好 保 藤井 正信 今木 雅英 吉村 武 山田 勇樹 中村 武夫 山崎 亮二 松本 和興

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.5, pp.1013-1018, 1988-12-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

15

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Four young male adults were fed a semisynthetic diet including rice and chicken as protein for seven days (Basal diet period), and in the following seven days 30g of corn oil and then for seven days 30g of lard were added at the expense of part of the corn starch and sugar in the basal diet (Test diets period). Urine and feces were collected completely throughout the periods and the contents of fat and energy in these excreta were determined. The results obtained were follows:1) Digestibility of fat was 98.8% (corn oil) and 100.0% (lard).2) The ratio of the total available energy to intake energy (Net Energy Avaiability) was 98.8% (corn oil) and 98.0% (lard).

著者

高西 敏正 木村 直人 伊藤 孝 諸富 嘉男 井谷 徹

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.463-469, 1998-07-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

34

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of fluid ingestion and its composition on uric acid metabolism after exercise. Six healthy males volunteered for the study which was comprised of three different experiments; Exp. 1, Exp. 2, and Exp. 3. In all the experiments, subjects performed treadmill exercise (70% VO2max) for 70 minutes respectively. For seven hours after exercise, subjects ingested mineral water at 10°C ad-lib in Exp. 1, 1.5 times the volume of mineral water consumed in the first experiment in Exp. 2, and the same volume of sports drink as in the first experiment in Exp. 3. No significant differences were observed in oxygen uptake and heart rate during exercise among the three experiments, so it was considered that the produced serum uric acid (SUA) levels in the three experiments were about the same level. However, the decrease in SUA, urinary uric acid excretion (UUA), clearance of uric acid (CUA) and fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) in Exp. 3, in which the sports drink was consumed instead of mineral water were higher than in Exp. 1 and Exp. 2. On the other hand, no significant differences were found in Exp. 2 and Exp. 3. A significant relationship between UUA and FEUA was found among the three experiments, while there was no correlation between UUA and urine volume.These results show that; 1) the sports drink ingestion can increase the efficiency of recovery from high serum uric acid after exercise, 2) the increase in uric volume due to high mineral water intake does not elevate UUA, and 3) the increase in UUA due to sports drink ingestion was associated with the increase of FEUA.

著者

宮下 道夫

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.3, pp.153-157, 1955-01-01 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

28

著者

入鹿山 且朗 田島 静子 藤木 素士

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.392-400, 1967-06-10 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

3 6

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(1) 酸化第二水銀または塩基性硫酸第二水銀とアセトアルデハイドとの反応により, 薄層クロマトグラフィでCH3HgOHと同一Rf値をもつ有機水銀が生成した。この反応液に塩化物を加えるとCH3HgClと同一Rf値をもつ有機水銀が証明された。(2) 酸化第二水銀とアセトアルデハイドより2種の水銀物質を得た。その一つは酢酸第二水銀と同定された。酢酸第二水銀と食塩の混合物を加温してCH3HgClの結晶を得た。

著者

近藤 喜代太郎

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.599-611, 1996-07-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

5 8

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Data obtained from all residents, who lived in the Agano river villages where Minamata disease occurred as of June 1965, were used to analyze its incidence patterns and to evaluate validity of the official recognition of the disease. The residents totaled 18, 253 (8, 911 males and 9, 342 females), including 262 (151 males and 111 females) recognized patients and 378 (186 males and 192 females) rejected applicants.Consumption of the contaminated river fish was associated with hair Hg measurements (ppm), but there were few residents who denied the consumption but showed elevated Hg values, probably due to false-negative answers in the census survey in 1965.Incidence rates of the recognized patients increased with the upgrading codes for fish ingestion, but analysis of the association of fish ingestion among the recognized applicants indicated that there were ca. 50% false-positive diagnosis. This analysis showed that The Government made best efforts to help very mild cases despite the fact that such a generous attitude inevitably causes overdiagnosis.Incidence rates of the rejected applicants also showed a dose-response. This is extremely important because a rejection meant that compensation was refused by the polluting company. Protest groups insisted the existence of Minamata disease showing only sensony symptoms. but this concept has not been accepted by the Government and the polluters. The present study disclosed a doseresponse relationship in the rejected cases giving positive ground for the opinions proposed by protest groups.Proportions of such “Hg-associated sensory disorders” (cases with unexplained sensory disorders which are associated with river fish ingestion) were 15-30% among the exposed applicants, 6.6-15% among the all rejected applicants, and 3.9-10% among the unexplained sensory disorders in the regional population.Owing to the river pollution, there was 5-11% increase of the unexplained sensory disorders among the local residents, in addition to recognizable Minamata disease.

著者

伊藤 耕三

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.3, pp.304-314, 1971-08-28 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

8 16

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Nitrogen dioxide is one of the main atmospheric pollutants in many communities. It is emitted in large quantities in the exhaust of automotive engines and is formed when atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen are heated to a high temperature in a flame.Experiments were made to ascertain possible synergistic effects of nitrogen dioxide and influenza virus infection in mice. Young female dd strain mice weighing 15 to 17g were challenged with mouse-adapted type A influenza virus, strain PR 8, two hours after acute and intermittent exposure to 10ppm nitrogen dioxide for two hours daily for one, three and five days. Female I.C.R. strain mice weighing 22 to 25g were also challenged with type A influenza virus after continuous exposure to 0.5 to 1.0ppm nitrogen dioxide for 39 days.Results were as follows;1) Acute and intermittent exposure to 10ppm nitrogen dioxide for two hours daily for five days significantly increased the susceptibility of mice to influenza virus infection as demonstrated by enhanced mortality.2) Extent of interstitial pneumonia was higher in the mice challenged with influenza virus after chronic and continuous exposure and acute and intermittent exposure to nitrogen dioxide than in the infected controls.3) Adenomatous proliferations of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium were marked in the mice challenged with influenza virus after continuous exposure to low levels of nitrogen dioxide.

著者

Masafumi AKISAKA Hidemoto ZAKOUJI Makoto ARIIZUMI

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi (Japanese Journal of Hygiene) (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.481-489, 1997-07-15 (Released:2009-04-21)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

5 4

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To obtain basic data on the bone density of high school girls, the bone density of the right heel was measured in principle and their lifestyles were surveyed. The subjects were 142 girls (15-18years, mean±SD=16.5±0.8years old) of a high school in Nagano Prefecture, who accepted our visiting bone health check. Bone density was measured with an' Achilles' ultrasound bone-densitometer (Lunar Co.) and a self-registered questionnaire on their lifestyles was also employed in this study.The main results were as follows:1. There were no significant correlations between Sitffness and, age, grede, bone fracture, family historiy, and regularity of menstruation. However, Stiffness significantly correlated to the age of menophania (r=-0.191, p=0.002)2. High school girls who belonged to a sports club had significantly higher bone density than other girls. Those who did exercises which consist mainly of jumping, had significantly higher bone density than others who participated in running sports or did no exercise. There were also significant differences in the frequency of exercise and the duration of exercise. Mireover, those who had a regular exercise history had higher bone density than those who had no regular exercise histry, and the mean Siffness of the group that did exercises daily was higher than for those who did not.3. There were no significant correlations between Stiffness and food intakes. There also were no significant diffrence for Stiffness concerning intake of calcium-containing food groups. Regarding the cause of weight loss of more than 2kg/month, the mean Stiffness of the group with intense exercise was significantly higher than those in the no-weigh loss group and the group that had reduced dietary intake.4. Regarding the relationships between bone density and the lifestyles of high school girls, a delayed age of menophania had a significantly decreasing effect on Stiffness, whereas three variables of regular exercise habits at present, body weight, and exercise histories had significantly increasing effects on Stiffness in multiple regression analysis.5. It is considered that there may be other important factors in the relationship between bone density and lifestyle of adolescent females who are in a developmental state. Therefore, the measurement of bone density and its assessment need consideration from points of view which are different from those for middle-aged and the elderly people.

著者

小池 重夫 久野 由基一 森田 博行

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.510-515, 1982-06-30 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

3 3

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本実験では, シリカがウサギの肺マクロファージと腹腔内の多形核白血球の過酸化脂質の生成, 乳酸脱水素酵素の細胞外放出, ニトロブルーテトラゾリウム (NBT) の還元能に及ぼす影響を調べた。対照にはマクロファージ単独, あるいはコランダム (Al2O3) を選んだ。3mg/107cells のシリカを1時間, 肺マクロファージに捕食させると過酸化脂質-酸化された不飽和脂肪酸の分解産物であるマロニルジアルデヒドであらわす-が増量した。また, マクロファージ外に放出した乳酸脱水素酵素の活性は著明に亢進し, シリカが細胞膜を傷害したことを示している。シリカはコランダムに比べて顕著なNBTの還元能を示したが, これはシリカを捕食したマクロファージにスーパーオキシドの産生が亢進したことを示すものである。以上の結果はシリカは肺マクロファージに捕食されて, 過酸化脂質の生成を促進すると同時にスーパーオキシドの生成を亢進し, 細胞膜を傷害することを示している。

著者

宇井 進治

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.5, pp.717-723, 1959-08-01 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

著者

清水 英佑 永山 和之 鈴木 孝之 竹村 望

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.5, pp.774-781, 1980-12-30 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

4 4

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Mutagenicity tests were performed using Ames' Salmonella typhimurium, strains TA98 and TA100, on the pyrolysis products of 4 fresh vegetables, boiled rice, seaweed, soy sauce, as well as three amino acids (alliin, methyiin and S-methyl-L-cysteine) and tetrafractane which are contained in garlic.Pyrolysis products of garlic, onion and seaweed were mutagenic to TA98 and TA100 only with S-9 Mix which consists of rat liver microsomes and some metabolic enzymes.Pyrolysates of the three amino acids contained in garlic were mutagenic, and this was especially strong for the pyrolysate of S-methyl-L-cysteine.Differences in mutagenicity of soy sauce pyrolysates as dependent on the duration of heating and temperature were investigated: Strongest mutagenicity was observed when soy sauce was heated for 30min. at 400°C.Checking the production of Soy sauce mutagens when heated in a frying pan, it was found that the longer the frying pan was preheated, the stronger was the production of mutagens.All of the pyrolysates tested revealed mutagenicity by metabolic activation in the presence of S-9 Mix.

著者

中迫 勝 矢島 信子

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.289-298, 1970-08-30 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2

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交通事故発生要因の一つである運転行動とその背景の生活条件である運転労働時間との関係を, 質問紙法を用いて, 調査した。その調査対象は交通事故体験者180名, ハイタク運転者44名, トラック運輪運転者83名であった。調査結果は次の通りである。1) 一日当たりの運転労働時間すなわち0∼3.0hr/day, 3.1∼8.0hr/day, 8.1∼hr/dayには, 運転操作 (ハンドル, ブレーキ, アクセル, クラッチ, チェンジ・レバー) の差は認められないが0∼3.0hr/dayは他の条件に比較し, 足による運転操作に「欠点」のある傾向を示した。2) 長時間運転労働者には「運転疲労」と「交通事故発生回数」との間に高い相関を認め, 一方, 短時間運転者には, 「眠気」と「交通事故発生回数」との間に相関のある傾向を認めた。3) しかし, 8∼10, 10∼12時では疲労感は比較的少ないが (運転行為の影響が大きく) 事故が多い。2-4, 4-6時の深夜早朝時には疲労感は大きいが (交通量が少ないため) 事故は比較的少ない。4) 12∼14, 14∼16時の時間帯では, 疲労の訴え, 事故回数ともに, 運転労働時間と関係なく大きい。5) 実数の事故回数より運転単位時間当たりの事故回数を指標とする方が, 運転労働時間と運転行動との関連特性を明確にしている。