著者
小野 博紀 内海 彰
出版者
一般社団法人 人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.1, pp.12-21, 2015-01-01 (Released:2015-01-06)
参考文献数
16

Causal knowledge is important for decision-making and risk aversion. However, it takes much time and effort to extract causal knowledge manually from a large-scale corpus. Therefore, many studies have proposed several methods for automatically extracting causal knowledge. These methods use a variety of linguistic or textual cues indicating causality on the basis of the assumption that causally related events tend to co-occur within a document. However, because of this assumption, they cannot extract causal knowledge that is not explicitly described in a document. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel method for extracting causal knowledge not explicitly described in a document using time series analysis of events. In our method, event expressions, which are represented by a pair of a noun phrase and a verb phrase, are extracted from newspaper articles. These extracted event expressions are clustered into distinct events, and the burst of the appearance of these clustered events is detected. Finally, using the time series data with burst, it is judged whether any event pairs have a causal relationship by Granger Causality test. We demonstrate through an evaluation experiment that the proposed method successfully extracts valid causal knowledge, almost all of which cannot be extracted by existing cue-based methods.
著者
供田鶴汀 編
出版者
供田鶴汀
巻号頁・発行日
1894
著者
萩 浩司 牧川 方昭 飯泉 仁美
出版者
一般社団法人 日本生体医工学会
雑誌
医用電子と生体工学 (ISSN:00213292)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.4, pp.334-342, 1995 (Released:2011-10-14)
参考文献数
19

In this study we have developed a transcutaneous digital communication technique by using Pulse-Code-Modulated (PCM) infrared rays. The communication protocol examined here is serial, asynchronous and half duplex. The electric power should be considered for a computer system implanted inside the body, because it is driven by batteries and the power is insufficient. Its size should also be miniaturized as small as possible. Therefore the following methods were adopted here; the weak infrared rays emitted inside the body were received by a high sensitive avalanche photodiode; the infrared rays of high brightness was used to send data into inside of the body; and the digital data were converted into an optical signal after the pulse-code-modulation (PCM). This modulation yields some advantages; 1) absorbing the response delay of the photosensor, 2) intensifying infrared rays luminescence outside body and 3) saving the electric power on the luminescence inside body. Some communication experiments were done by using pork with the skin; the communication speed was 9600 baud from inside to outside and 1200 baud in the opposite direction, 15 infrared LEDs were set for outside of the body, 4 for inside, three nickel hydride batteries of 1200mAh were used for an electric power inside the body. As a result, a stable bi-directional digital communication was realized through the skin and the pork of about 9cm and it could continue to operate for about 19 hours.

2 0 0 0 OA 地理学講座

著者
地人書館 編
出版者
地人書館
巻号頁・発行日
vol.第2, 1933

2 0 0 0 OA 天文読本

著者
河西璞 著
出版者
光風館
巻号頁・発行日
1903
著者
石田 依子
出版者
大島商船高等専門学校
雑誌
大島商船高等専門学校紀要 (ISSN:03879232)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, pp.87-98, 2004-11-01

Through the black history in America, music has informed the collective consciousness of the black community in enduring ways. Music has permeated the daily life of most African-Americans, and it has played a central role in the normal socialization process. And during movements for social changes, it has helped to shape the necessary political consciousness. For example, it is the blues that this characteristic appears conspicuously. The roots of the blues date back to the times of slavery, and the blues express a state of mind that affirms the essential worth of black humanity. Indeed because the blues resides on a cultural consciousness which has remained closest to the ethnic heritage of African-Americans, it has been their central aesthetic expressions. The same goes for the jazz. The music called jazz was born at the end of the 19th century in New Orleans, which features prominently in early development of jazz. The jazz music is the America's greatest cultural achievement, and gives powerful voice of African-Americans. In this paper, I refer to the jazz history, and in the process, race is intrinsic to the issues. It is true that the jazz scene should be a place of relative racial harmony since it was born from a melding of black and white musical techniques and sensibilities. Even in its earliest days it was performed by both blacks and whites. However, as we shall see soon, the deepest part of the jazz springs from the African-American experience. Here, I would like to explore what had made the jazz revolttion so important to negro lives and so triumphant as a positive force in their life, both social and musical.

2 0 0 0 OA 刑法表

出版者
司法省
巻号頁・発行日
1883
著者
渡部温訂正 嚴一萍校正
出版者
藝文印書館
巻号頁・発行日
1973
著者
桑嶋 健一 住吉 保人
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター
雑誌
赤門マネジメント・レビュー (ISSN:13485504)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.9, pp.313-352, 2014-09-25 (Released:2015-09-25)
参考文献数
29

本稿では、発売以来長期にわたり世界シェアトップを維持している日立化成の「アニソルム」のケースを対象として、機能性化学品の製品開発と持続的競争優位について検討する。事例分析より、粘り強い用途開発、顧客との連携、技術蓄積、提案型の開発、特許戦略、統合型のビジネスモデルの構築といった要因が、長期的な競争優位の維持に貢献していたことが明らかにされる。
著者
宮下 直
出版者
東京大学
雑誌
奨励研究(A)
巻号頁・発行日
1993

東京大学農学部付属演習林田無試験地に環境条件の異なる3調査地を設け(林内・林縁・草地)、それぞれに底辺5m×5m、高さ2.5m、メッシュ2cmの鳥が侵入できない網室を設置した。網室内には鉢植えにした高さ約1.8mのマツの苗木を6本づついれた。また、対照区として、各網室の外に同数のマツの鉢植えを設置した。各実験区に7月6日にジョロウグモとナガコガネグモの幼体をそれぞれ24および15匹づつ放して、その後の個体数の変化を調べた。ナガコガネグモはジョロウグモに比べて減少速度が速かったが、いづれの種についても網室の内と外で顕著な差はみられなかった。したがって、鳥類の捕食はこれらのクモ類にとって重要ではないと判断された。トラップにより捕獲した飛翔性の昆虫類の量は、草地>林縁>林内となったが、クモ類の体サイズもほぼこれに対応していた。ナガコガネグモでは生残率でも同様な傾向が見られたが、ジョロウグモでは全く逆の関係にあった。次に、クモの捕食により餌となる飛翔昆虫が減少するかを調べるため、上記の実験のうちでジョロウグモが多く定着した3調査区と、それぞれに隣接したクモのいない場所に飛翔昆虫捕獲用のトラップを設置した。その結果、クモの存在する区では飛翔昆虫類が少ないことが分かった。したがって、ジョロウグモの様な大型の造網性クモは、局所的に昆虫類の量を減少させうることが示された。今回の結果から、鳥、クモ、飛翔昆虫の3者間の関係は前2者間の関係の欠如により成立していなかったが、今後鳥類の繁殖期に当たる春期における同様な実験が必要であろう。

2 0 0 0 OA 警察電信符号

出版者
愛媛県警察部
巻号頁・発行日
1894