著者
吉川 宏
出版者
北海道大学法学部
雑誌
北大法学論集 (ISSN:03855953)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.5-6, pp.849-877, 1990-09-17
著者
高久 雅生
出版者
情報科学技術協会
雑誌
情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.2, pp.48-53, 2014-02

15 年間にわたるオープンソース運動を振り返りながら,図書館サービスとの接点,オープンソースソフトウェアの利用事例を紹介する。図書館サービスにおけるオープンソースソフトウェアの例として,図書館管理システム,機関リポジトリ,次世代OPAC といった分野を取り上げ,国内及び海外の事例を紹介する。近年の図書館サービスの文脈におけるオープンソースソフトウェアの課題として,クラウドコンピューティングの進展やオープンデータ,人材育成などの観点から考察し,今後の課題を述べる。
著者
NAKAMURA Kazuaki
出版者
東京大学地震研究所
雑誌
東京大学地震研究所彙報 (ISSN:00408972)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.4, pp.649-728, 1965-03-15

Oshima Volcano is a basaltic, insular stratovolcano with a summit caldera within which lies an active cone Mihara-yama. Izu- Oshima island is situated on the northern part of a volcanic chain extending from central Honshu to Marianas. Oshima Volcano consists an essential part of Izu-Oshima island which is the largest of the seven Izu-islands, being 92km2 in area and 22.5km3 in volume above sea-level. Volcanic products of the volcano were studied stratigraphically. The method and results of the study are summarized and discussed in this paper. A group of erupted material, including lava-flows, scoria- andash-falls, which successively accumulated without any weatheringbreak is called a member in this paper. A member is the basic stratigraphic unit which is proved to be the product of a singleeruptive cycle. Within a member, there is a definite succession oferupted material, scoria-falls→lava-flows→alternation of ash-falls in ascending order. The time needed for the deposition of amember is considered to be 10 years or less from an examinationof the latest two records of major eruption(1777~1792 and 1684~1690). The time needed for the deposition of the basal scoria of amember is far shorter than that for the deposition of the alternating ash-falls. This is evidenced partly by the examination of historical documents and partly by the simple elliptic shape of the distribution of the basal scoria. Eruptive activity represented bya member may be a continuous process in which the magma in the central conduit rises with explosive eruptions of scoria, overflows and then gradually falls with an ejection of ash formany years. Oshima Volcano is composed of more than a hundred members. The youngest twelve members are lumped into the Younger Oshima Group, with which this paper is chiefly concerned. Dates of the deposition of the twelve members are inferred bythe correlation with historical documents and excavated fragmentalpottery remains and by radiocarbon measurements. As a result, the Younger Oshima Group is found to consist of the deposits during the last 1500 years or so, and the deposition of each member, in other words .major eruption, to have taken place periodically with an interval of about 135±50 years. The volume of individual members is calculated to range from 0.1 to 0.7km3. The volume of the Younger Oshima Group is estimated to be 3.6km3, of which only 0.7km3 is now accumulated on the slope of the main cone. The rest is the caldera fill (ca. 2.2km3) and the deposits outside the island. The explosion index is calculated to be, about 60 for the Younger Oshima Group. Thermal energy transported by the Younger Oshima Group attains to the order of 1×1026 erg and the rate of energy release is 8.7~6.0×1024 erg/100 years. More than forty parasitic volcanoes are distributed within two narrow fracture zones. They are monogenetic, that is, the entire erupted material of each is incorporated within a single member. The summit caldera was formed after the deposition of the twelveth member(S2) from the surface and prior to that of the tenth member(N4), or some fourteen centuries ago. The volume of the twelveth and the eleventh member(S2 and S1), which are considered to have deposited just before the caldera formation, is estimated to be 0.4km3 i. e. one-eighth of the volume of the decapitated summit(3.1km3). These are mainly steam explosion breccias and ash-falls with accretionary lapilli. This will indicate that the summit was engulfed associated with intense explosions. The actual course of the engulfment is inferred to be like the eruption of Kilauea in 1924, after a consideration of the similarity of the sequence of events for the both activities. Recent eruptions of Oshima Volcano after the last major activity(1777~1792, the product of which is the uppermost member Y1), are very different in nature from those represented by members. Recent eruptions are more effusive(explosion index 10±), smaller in the volume of erupted material(less than 0.03km3) and have affected only the interior of the caldera or even of the crater of Mihara-yama. The rate of thermal energy release is also lower(2.7×1024 erg/100 years). Moreover, the period after the last major activity is that of repose judging from the deposits on the slope of the main cone.
著者
岡村 陽介
出版者
[出版者不明]
巻号頁・発行日
2006-02

制度:新 ; 文部省報告番号:甲2147号 ; 学位の種類:博士(工学) ; 授与年月日:2006/3/15 ; 早大学位記番号:新4147
著者
早川 由紀夫
出版者
東京大学地震研究所
雑誌
東京大学地震研究所彙報 (ISSN:00408972)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.4, pp.507-592, 1986-03-31

The eruptive activity of Towada Volcano is documented by the tephrostratigraphic study. More than 20 eruptive episodes are described in detail with isopach maps and isograde maps of maximum pumice size, maximum lithic size, and median diameter for the individual fallout deposits. The activity of the volcano started about 200,000 years ago along the NE-SW trending line crossing the present lake Towadako and relatively small-scale volcanoes were formed. A caldera 11km×11km wide was formed as a result of several eruptive episodes during the period about 55,000 to 13,000 years ago, three of which included voluminous pyroclastic flow eruptions. The post-caldera activity occured at a rate of one eruptive episode every 1,000 to 2,000 years and a stratovolcano and two lava domes were formed in the caldera. The latest eruptive episode was dated 1,250 y B. P. by the radiocarbon method. Rocks of Towada Volcano cover a wide range from basaltic andesite to rhyodacite (SiO2 : 51-70wt.%) with phenocrysts of plagioclase, augite, hypersthene, and magnetite with occasional olivine. Horn-blende is characteristically found in the pyroclastic deposits of 13,000 years old and in some earlier deposits. Volumes, V, of two plinian deposits are determined by the crystal method : 6.7km3 for the Chuseri deposit and 2.2km3 for the Nambu deposit. Then an empirical formula, V=12.2 TS, is obtained for the practical volume estimation, where T is the thickness of an isopach and S is the area enclosed by the isopach. Application of the formula to the fallout deposits of Towada Volcano suggests that the total magma erupted during the past 55,000 years amounts to 1.5×1017g. This corresponds to the discharge rate of dense rock equivalent to 1.1km3 per thousand years. The cross-wind range, Rc, of the pyroclasts of a given size may be a good indicator of the maximum height reached by the pyroclasts in the eruption column. It is found that the Rc is relatively large for those deposits whose erupted masses are relatively large. The dispersal of a fallout deposit is also seriously affected by winds. A plausible solution of the eruption condition for the Nambu deposit is that 4mm size lithic fragments reached the maximum height of 15km in the eruption column, then they were detached from the column and displaced by winds having an average velocity of 30m/s. After a 20 min flight, they fell upon the ground 48km east of the source. Whole-deposit grain size populations are determined for the Chuseri and Nambu plinian deposits. The Chuseri population is similar to the New Zealand examples. However, the Nambu population is distinctly coarser than the others.
著者
笠嶋 善憲
出版者
京都大学
巻号頁・発行日
1993-01-23

本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである
著者
田辺 浩介 高久 雅生 江草 由佳
出版者
情報知識学会
雑誌
情報知識学会誌 (ISSN:09171436)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.2, pp.219-228, 2013-07

本研究では,FRBR のWork・Expression のエンティティを,既存の運営母体によって作成・管理された書誌・所蔵データと連動して扱える,疎結合構成の実装モデルを提案する.この提案手法は,Work・Exprsesion の記述のためのシステムを,Web 上で提供されている既存の目録システムと独立して運用することを可能にしている.本研究では既存の目録システムとしてCiNii Books を用いたシステムを試作し,その実現可能性を示した.We propose a loosely coupled implementation model that allows cataloging systems to record FRBR Work and Expression entities connecting bibliographic records maintained by existing libraries. The proposed model enables a cataloging system that records Work and Expression entities to operate in-dependently from existing cataloging systems. We have developed a prototype system that uses CiNii Books as an existing cataloging system and showed its feasibility.