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1 0 0 0 OA 1990年代のロシアにおける未払問題

著者: 杉浦史和
出版者: Japan Association for Comparative Economic Studies
雑誌: 比較経済体制学会年報 (ISSN:13484060)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.39, no.1, pp.69-81,206, 2002 (Released:2009-12-03)
参考文献数: 24

One of the most serious socio-economic problems in Russia has been a problem of nonpayment since 1992. The nonpayment between the government and enterprises endangered normal economic functioning in the country because the government as well as enterprises has accumulated overdue claims each other. Therefore, the pseud-settlement mechanism was formulated for facilitating daily socio-economic life, the example of which represents the triangle (non-) payment relation in providing housing utility services. Though both local government and natural monopolies haven't paid full each other, they can support the daily life of people in the region through utilizing various non-monetary means.

2021-02-01 15:12:00
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1 0 0 0 OA ロシア年金改革の政治経済学

著者: 大津定美
出版者: Japan Association for Comparative Economic Studies
雑誌: 比較経済体制学会年報 (ISSN:13484060)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.39, no.1, pp.22-37,202, 2002 (Released:2009-12-03)
参考文献数: 11
被引用文献数: 1 1

Among many reform agenda, President Putin placed a special emphasis on pension reform because of its social and political significance in the worsening economic situations for the working masses. By setting up a new "National Soviet for Pension Reform", Putin Government tried to consolidate the conflicting views among various social strata which hindered the realization of reform in the past several years. The major difficulties were to find ways to change the old "redistributive" system to the new "funding" system. This article tries to analyze first the basic economic problems facing the reformers and then political and lawmaking process and its latest developments in the year 2001.

2021-02-01 15:12:00
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1 0 0 0 OA ロシアの市場化と法制度

著者: 栖原学
出版者: Japan Association for Comparative Economic Studies
雑誌: 比較経済体制学会年報 (ISSN:13484060)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.39, no.1, pp.67-68,205, 2002 (Released:2009-07-31)

Historically, Russia has been unable to establish Rechtsstaat or the state based on "rule of Law". Indeed, Russia's legal culture is characterized by a profound distrust of the law, or "legal nihilism". Furthermore, it should be emphasized that, in addition to legal nihilism, Russia's legal culture is also characterized by the concept of ethical dualism. Ethical dualism means that the moral norms Russians apply in relationships with members of their own community differ from those in relationships with people thought to be associated with a different community. Given such a distinctive nature, Russia's legal culture could not be conceived of as being suited for a market economy. It might be inevitable that the political system tends to be more authoritarian in order to lower transaction costs and facilitate economic development.

2021-02-01 15:12:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 市場経済移行類型化の試み:貿易関係自由化の側面から

著者: 上垣彰
出版者: Japan Association for Comparative Economic Studies
雑誌: 比較経済体制学会年報 (ISSN:13484060)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.39, no.1, pp.52-64,204, 2002 (Released:2009-07-31)
参考文献数: 25
被引用文献数: 1 1

Russia and Eastern European countries (excluding Albania and former Yugoslav states) can be divided into three groups. The first group includes Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia, which have successfully coordinated macro economic stabilization and liberalization of foreign trade. The second group includes Bulgaria and Romania, where half measures of liberalization have been adopted under the circumstance of vicious spiral of inflation and depreciation of currency. The third group consists of Russia. Russia keeps old complicated organizations in the half liberalized system. One interesting point here is that the first and the third group experienced real currency appreciation in the first years of the transition whereas the currencies of the second group were depreciated considerably.

2021-02-01 15:12:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 移行経済の類型化(論)へのアプローチ

著者: 田中宏
出版者: Japan Association for Comparative Economic Studies
雑誌: 比較経済体制学会年報 (ISSN:13484060)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.39, no.1, pp.38-51,203, 2002 (Released:2009-07-31)
参考文献数: 20

How do we understand the typology of East European economies in transition? This paper tries to answer this question through investigating a variety of studies of the complex transitions occurring in Eastern Europe.First it challenges making a research model to compare these complexness and differences. Secondly, it investigates studies on the causes of differences descendent from the socialist and pre-socialist period. Thirdly, it examines studies about ones indigenous to the process of transition itself.Finally it is concluded that transition economies could be categorized and typified in the space that the three dimensions constitute: the degree of cumulative liberalization, the line between the over-withdrawal of the state and its institution-constructive role and the degree of regional integration.

2021-02-01 15:12:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 中国における移行過程の特色

著者: 中兼和津次
出版者: Japan Association for Comparative Economic Studies
雑誌: 比較経済体制学会年報 (ISSN:13484060)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.39, no.1, pp.3-21,201, 2002 (Released:2009-07-31)
参考文献数: 17

It is often said that China's economic transition is successful due to its gradualist approach. But by looking at its total process from much wider perspectives we can see how it is successful and unique vis-à-vis other transition economies. We first surveyed previous methodologies of classifying transition processes, then tried a cluster analysis of 27 transition economies on the basis of seven indicators: 1) approaches employed, 2) ownership and privatization patterns, 3) openness to external economies, 4) political freedom, 5) institutional development, 6) inflation, and 7) growth rate. Our main findings are: (1) transition economies can be classified into three groups, i.e. Central Europe and Baltic countries, Eastern Europe and CIS nations, and East Asia, or China and Vietnam, (2) these groups are corresponding to their geographical locations, (3) they are also corresponding to their growth performance.