著者

池見 酉次郎

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.53-73, 1983-11-15 (Released:2018-02-01)

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.104-106, 1983-11-15 (Released:2018-02-01)

著者

高間 直道

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.1, 1983-11-15 (Released:2018-02-01)

著者

酒井 明夫

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.2-14, 1983-11-15 (Released:2018-02-01)

著者

岸本 良彦

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.15-28, 1983-11-15 (Released:2018-02-01)

著者

加藤 直克

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.29-41, 1983-11-15 (Released:2018-02-01)

著者

藤田 翔

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.1-19, 2020 (Released:2020-11-18)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

1

---

In recent discussions as to emergence of spacetime, spacetime is said to be not fundamental in quantum regions, which we must apply quantum gravity’s theory to and to be derived from fundamental entities. This is a very strange picture not only from philosophically but also commonsensically. As to classical regions, there have been already many discussions from structural realists about spacetime in General Relativity regarding how “curved spacetime” exists and where it does. But most papers on emergence of spacetime in quantum gravity’s theory are independent from details of these structural interpretations, namely traditional discussions about ontology of spacetime. This paper tries to connect classical structural spacetime and quantum spacetime’s atoms called “spinnetwork” in loop quantum gravity as one of the examples of fundamental entities through the quantization of gravitational fields. And I check from ontological viewpoints whether there are some structural discontinuities between classical and quantum regions based on “isomorphism”, comparing the quantization of electromagnetic fields.

著者

東 克明

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.35-46, 2019 (Released:2019-11-07)

参考文献数

17

---

Hardy presented a famous argument that shows that there exist no hidden variables in quantum mechanics. His argument is called Hardy's paradox. The commentaries and discussions on Hardy's paradox have been ordinarily presented for deterministic hidden variables, and it has not been discussed whether a similar paradox will occurs in probabilistic hidden variables. So, first, I will show that Hardy's argument can also be applied to probabilistic hidden variables. After that, I discuss the common cause of a correlation, which has been actively discussed in the philosophy of science in recent years. That is because requiring the common cause of a quantum correlation is mathematically equivalent to introducing a probabilistic hidden variable to explain the correlation. Some researchers argued that in the non-existence proof of hidden variables, the existence of a common common-cause to multiple correlations is tacitly assumed, however that is unreasonably strong. According to their idea, it is sufficient if there exists a respective common-cause of each correlation. However, it will be revealed that at least as far as Hardy's paradox is concerned, merely weakening the common common-cause requirement to the respective common-cause requirement does not help to construct a local model.

著者

山田 圭一

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.47-55, 2019 (Released:2019-11-07)

参考文献数

12

---

In The Aporia of Mind: Space, Body and Meaning, Noya tried to answer two difficult philosophical problems about the world and other minds. And his answers were given mainly by the elimination of person from his theory of Cyoubou. In this paper, I examine his arguments and explain why sceptics would not be fully satisfied with his solution. First, I argue that the explanation of the unity of multimodal perceptions should require person. Second, I insist that person is needed for the individualization of the body and show that the subject of experiences can be separated from that of acts. Finally, after showing the difference between actuality and reality, I point that Noya's theory missed the problem of the other lives in the different actuality.

著者

桐山 孝司 佐藤 雅彦

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.65-70, 2019 (Released:2019-05-22)

参考文献数

5

---

This paper discusses two interactive exhibits in the perspective of design and behavioral analysis. The first exhibit, Pool of Fingerprints, was created for the exhibition of The Definition of Self. The second exhibit, Arithmetik Garden, was exhibited at Mori Art Museum in 2007 and NTT InterCommunication Center [ICC] in 2008.

著者

塩野 直之

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.51-63, 2019 (Released:2019-05-22)

参考文献数

21

---

This paper looks at how we make decisions in the face of plural values, and explores its implications for our conception of practical reason. Specifically, the idea that our choice is governed by what I call “decision-theoretic rationality”, which has been influential among decision theorists and some “interpretationist” philosophers, will thoroughly be criticized as not being capable of explaining the difficulties characteristic of choosing among alternatives which bear different kinds of value. The paper concludes by suggesting that our understanding of practical reason needs to be reformed, in a way that appropriately captures those difficulties.

著者

石田 知子

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.11-31, 2018 (Released:2018-11-01)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1

---

One of the most influential approaches to understanding the nature of genetic information is by the etiological theory of function, its most sophisticated exemplar being teleosemantics. Such discussions are largely focused on genetic information carried by the genes. Although the concept of gene itself has been a target of intense arguments, most of the earlier arguments had adopted rather simple and naive ones. By considering the arguments regarding the concept of gene more seriously, the current study aims to investigate the philosophical consequences of teleosemantic analysis of genetic information and shows that the nature of genetic information can differ depending on which concept of gene we adopt.

著者

榊原 英輔

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1-2, pp.69-70, 2018 (Released:2018-05-07)

著者

四津 雅英

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1-2, pp.51-68, 2018 (Released:2018-05-07)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

---

In this paper I attempt a new analysis of utterances that (implicitly) convey typicality or nontypicality, which have been regarded as cases of conversational implicatures since Grice's classical analysis of them. Leading accounts of such utterances―Horn's and Levinson's―appear inadequate for a kind of them. I take it that utterances conveying typicality split up into two groups and they are different in their ways of generating a typicality implicature. And I regard utterances conveying nontypicality as more closely related with metalinguistic negation than Horn and Levinson assume.

著者

横路 佳幸

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1-2, pp.35-50, 2018 (Released:2018-05-07)

参考文献数

56

---

The aim of this paper is to give appropriate rejoinders to some typical objections to Epistemic Sortalism (ES) and thus to vindicate ES from them. ES argues that in epistemically individuating an object, a subject of perception needs to grasp under which sortal concept the object falls. ES has been, however, questioned lately in terms of both the possibility of misconceptions or ignorance of sortal concepts and the conflict with some current psychological research. I shall show that these objections pose no threat to ES, by examining the notion of ‘individuation' and thereby reorganizing ES as a specific epistemological theory concerning discriminating and identifying knowledge. Based on the relevant ontology, i.e., the constitution view, newly reconstructed ES requires an individuator to grasp the sortal concept of an object as an epistemic evidence.

著者

古田 智久

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.105-119, 2015-03-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

著者

菊池 誠

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1-2, pp.1-2, 2016-03-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

著者

佐藤 暁

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.1-17, 2014-12-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

参考文献数

14

---

In The Origins of Analytical Philosophy, Dummett criticized the philosophy of Husserl for being a Humpty-Dumpty theory. We reconstruct this criticism into a more general argument that shows that the idea of meaning as a type entails the Humpty-Dumpty theory. In interpreting Dummett's text, we show that the criticism of the Humpty-Dumpty theory is a criticism of "associating expressions with meanings" in an attempt to explain linguistic significance, and that types are not objects, but rather equivalence relations. In addition, we demonstrate that tokens are not concrete, but theoretical objects, and thus should be distinguished from bearers of tokens, which are bare physical objects.

著者

八杉 滿利子

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.97-104, 2015-03-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

参考文献数

14

---

The halting property as such is not guaranteed for limitimg recursion, since its evaluation process requires infinitely many steps. Nevertheless, as limiting recursive functions are useful in the study of computational aspects of mathematics on the continuum, it is desirable that some extended notion of computation be bestowed upon limiting recursion. We will here present a framework which general recursion and limiting recursion can share in characterizing their functions, and in which the halting property of the former and the identification in the limit of the latter can be expressed in terms of a formula stating a kind of compactness of a sequence of sets. We regard this fact as claiming that limiting recursion is conjunctive to general recursion, and hence can be viewed as a computation in an extended sense.

著者

松本 俊吉

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.57-60, 2014-12-30 (Released:2017-08-31)