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1 0 0 0 ケニア・カンバにおけるキジーツ:キロンゾのキジーツの事例研究

著者: 上田将
出版者: 日本アフリカ学会
雑誌: アフリカ研究 (ISSN:00654140)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.1977, no.16, pp.23-35, 1977

In this paper I consider kithitu (pl. ithitu) among the Kamba, a ‘Bantu speaking’ people in Central Kenya. Kithitu is a kind of magical medicine (muthea) in a broad sense. Its form is a medicine container, such as an animal's horn or a human tibia, in which magical medicine is packed. Medicine is mainly made from plants, but it is very difficult to know the constituents of medicine because secrecy about the ingredients is strictly kept. There are many kinds and many uses of ithitu among the Kamba, but in this paper I examine Kilonzo's kithitu which is very well-known in the northern part of Kitui District. There are many oral traditions and much gossip about the kithitu in which its potency and the people's fear of it are always expressed. Here I consider how the Kamba explain the various qualities and power of the kithitu, including: 1. The owner must keep his kithitu in the bush (kitheka) far away from his homestead (musyi). If he puts it in his homestead, the people of his homestead will die because of the strong effective power of the kithitu. 2. After using the kithitu, the owner and the persons concerned must not leave it without wiping off their eyes, hands and the soles of their feet with a mixture of juice from some plants and the soil of an ant hill, or with mwoyo (the undigested contents of a goat's stomach), because they have to cleanse the destructive power of the kithitu before coming back to their homes. 3. The kithitu sometimes comes near to the owner's homestead from the bush and cries like a man asking a goat's blood to drink. On such occasions, the owner must kill a goat and take the blood to the kithitu immediately. It is said that if he neglects this, all the members of his homestead will die. 4. The owner of strong kithitu can not have his real sons. It is believed that his real sons die young one after another because he always uses the kithitu. 5. The kithitu is used in oaths as kuya kithitu (to eat kithitu). It has the power to judge the truth. The accuser and the accused go to the bush and each of them swears over the kithitu, saying that if he tells a lie the kithitu may kill him. But people don't swear over the kithitu directly without kusuna kavyu (to lick a hot knife), ordeal as the first step, because the kithitu is so dangerous that a liar is killed with it. Swearing over the kithitu is connected with law, morals, values, legal procedure, clan conferences (mbai), political power and so on. The kithitu is used as uoi (magical power to knock down an enemy or a rival). When some person encounters serious difficulties brought by his enemy, he visits and asks the owner of the kithitu to kill his enemy. The owner chants a spell against the enemy, striking the kithitu with a twig. The Kamba categorize uoi into two parts: Uoi wa mundu ume (uoi of man) and uoi wa mundu muka (uoi of woman). The kithitu belongs to the category of uoi of man. It has the characteristics shown below: (1) A person who wants to use the kithitu must pay money to the owner. It costs about three hundreds shillings (equivalent to about fifteen thousands yen). Kuthooa kithitu (to buy kithitu) means to use kithitu as uoi. (2) Women and children cannot approach and use the kithitu because administering it is always attended by some danger and secrecy. Only the male adults can use it. (3) It is forbidden to use the kithitu without socially justified reasons. To use kithitu is basically permitted by the society, but only if people follow the prescribed pattern of usage. The kithitu as uoi is deeply related to the kamba magico-religious beliefs a

2020-07-17 19:52:17
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1 0 0 0 OA 着床前診断の法規制をめぐるドイツ・オーストリア・スイスの近時の動向

著者: 三重野雄太郎
出版者: 日本生命倫理学会
雑誌: 生命倫理 (ISSN:13434063)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.27, no.1, pp.96-104, 2017 (Released:2018-08-01)
参考文献数: 23

ドイツ、オーストリア、スイスにおいては、従来、着床前診断は法律上実質的に禁止されているものと解釈されてきた。しかしながら、近時、この3ヶ国が立て続けに法改正を行い、着床前診断を一定の要件の下で許容することとした。本稿では、日本での立法化に向けた示唆を得るべく、3ヶ国の新法の内容を概観し、それらを比較して共通点と相違点を明確化させた。 3ヶ国とも一定の要件を満たす場合にのみ着床前診断の実施を認め、違反者を処罰すること、遺伝性疾患と関係のない単なる性選別や救世主兄弟を目的とした着床前診断を認めていないことなどの共通点があるが、他方で、ドイツでは公的倫理委員会による審査で認められている場合に着床前診断の実施が認められるが、オーストリアとスイスは公的倫理委員会の承認を着床前診断の要件としていないことなど相違点も見られる。

2020-07-17 19:47:59
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1 0 0 0 OA モバイルユーザの個人状況を考慮したアクセス許可での情報支援-中高生を対象としたアンケート調査とその分析-

著者: 吉田達司古川宏
雑誌: 第82回全国大会講演論文集
巻号頁・発行日: vol.2020, no.1, pp.443-444, 2020-02-20

モバイルアプリケーション(アプリ)はユーザが同意することで,端末内の様々な情報を取得している.アプリの多くは,ユーザが同意(アクセス許可)する際に詳細な情報を提示していない.そのため,ユーザがアクセス許可の意思決定をするためには,アプリについて調べた上で,許可するか否かを決定しなければならない. 本研究では,アクセス許可の意思決定前にユーザの個人状況に合わせた支援情報を提供するツールの検討を行っている.本稿では,ユーザの個人状況とアクセス許可時にユーザが求める情報について中高生を対象として調査を実施し,収集した情報の相関関係から,ユーザの個人状況を考慮した支援情報を決定する手法の検討を行った.

2020-07-17 19:36:21
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http://id.nii.ac.jp/1001/00205524/

1 0 0 0 OA 海水中の微量元素 : 平均濃度と北太平洋における鉛直分布

著者: 野崎義行
出版者: 一般社団法人日本地球化学会
雑誌: 地球化学 (ISSN:03864073)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.26, no.1, pp.25-39, 1992-09-24 (Released:2016-12-09)
被引用文献数: 7

The purpose of this report is to compile the most recent data of trace element concentrations and distributions in seawater as of 1991. The geochemical and oceanographical factors controlling their oceanic distributions are not described in detail here, so that the readers, if necessary, should refer to the original references. Since the excellent articles of Bruland (1983), Broecker and Peng (1982) and Quinby-Hunt and Turekian (1983) have appeared in the early 1980's, there has been a continued quantum leap in our knowledge of trace element concentrations in the ocean, and we are now approaching to the final stage in the game of filling up the periodic table of oceanic distribution. Summarizing the results, (1) there is no data for Rh and Os, and the only upper limits can be placed for Ta, Rh and In, (2) data for Y, Zr, Hf, Nb, Re, In, and Sn are so few that further confirmation is needed for their oceanographic consistency, (3) the distributions of Al, Pb, Bi, Te, Mn, Co, Ti, Cu, and Ga are strongly influenced by scavenging, and some evidences are available for bottom regeneration of trace metals like Al, Cu, Ti, Ga etc., and (4) more than 30 elements are correlated with nutrients such as reactive phosphate, nitrate and silicate. It is hoped that within the 20th century, all the elements in the periodic table may be accurately determined by improved techiques, and thereby the new field of chemical tracer oceanography will be opened up for the next century.

2020-07-17 19:34:00
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1 0 0 0 OA Let’s go 火山! ―生きている地球を感じよう―

著者: サイエンスウィンドウ編集部
出版者: 国立研究開発法人科学技術振興機構
雑誌: サイエンスウィンドウ (ISSN:18817807)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.3, no.3, pp.1-36, 2009-08-01 (Released:2019-04-11)

サイエンスウィンドウ2009夏号の冊子体一式(PDF版)およびHTML版は下記のURLで閲覧できます。 https://sciencewindow.jst.go.jp/backnumbers/detail/20 目次【特集】 Let’s go 火山! ―生きている地球を感じよう― p.06 鎌田浩毅氏が語る「火山を知ると地球サイズでものが見える」 p.08 火山の島、伊豆大島で感じた地球の息吹 p.10 伊豆大島が噴火した23 年前のドキュメント p.11 火山の島の小学校「大島町立さくら小学校」を訪ねて p.12 火山と噴火の仕組み p.14 災害は短く、恵みは長い【TOPICS】 p.20 350 年前の顕微鏡で生物の世界を観る ──スーパーサイエンスハイスクールの高崎高校で p.22 座談会:「伸びしろのある人材を育てたい」【連載】 p.02 似姿違質:オオモモブトスカシバ VS セイヨウミツバチ p.16 いにしえの心:富士山の噴煙 p.17 タイムワープ夢飛翔:噴火/その日、時が止まった p.18 人と大地:ビンガム鉱山(米国・ユタ) p.24 かがくを伝える舞台裏:ニッポン放送「福田沙紀と柳田理科雄のラジオ空想科学研究所」 p.25 サイエンスのお仕事図鑑:研究開発員(メーカー) 三枝千尋さん p.26 ふるさと食の楽校:菜種青森県横浜町 p.28 動物たちのないしょの話:ホッキョクグマ(さっぽろ円山動物園) p.30 イチから伝授実験法:炎のカラフルマジック p.32 発見! 暮らしのなかの科学:金の魅力と実力を追う! p.34 せんせいクラブ p.36 人と大地:解説